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Monday, March 6, 2017

What would happen if you shine a green flashlight in a spaceship going 0.5c?

What would happen if you shine a green flashlight in a spaceship going 0.5c?


What would happen if you shine a green flashlight in a spaceship going 0.5c?

Posted: 06 Mar 2017 03:48 AM PST

Would the light turn blue as you point it forwards, and red when you point it backwards?

submitted by /u/neshornkongen
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If a person is unconscious on a spinning object, will they wake up dizzy or not?

Posted: 05 Mar 2017 06:41 PM PST

What is the difference between supercritical fluid and plasma?

Posted: 06 Mar 2017 01:51 AM PST

How do we know that photons have spin 1?

Posted: 06 Mar 2017 05:57 AM PST

What's the difference between sugars found in vegetables/fruits and sugars found in refined grains/candy? Why is the latter worse for us?

Posted: 05 Mar 2017 02:40 PM PST

How much of the internet is now bot-on-bot traffic?

Posted: 05 Mar 2017 12:08 PM PST

How are spacesuits sealed from the vacuum of space when assembled?

Posted: 05 Mar 2017 03:17 PM PST

I understand that the space suit provides air pressure to keep the fluids in your body in a liquid state, and that the suits are assembled in different pieces for the limbs and such. But how are these separate pieces sealed from the vacuum of space when assembled? (i.e. where the separate pieces connect)

submitted by /u/ev-dawg
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Do nuclear bombs create shrapnel (albiet useless), or is the metal casing instantaneously vaporized?

Posted: 05 Mar 2017 12:07 PM PST

Can a totally decayed element still produce radiation? Am I understanding the concept of radiation correctly?

Posted: 06 Mar 2017 02:42 AM PST

Hello! I am currently doing a research regarding radiation and its effects to our body. Being a total stranger about radiation (not to mention the need of reviewing that I need to do to refresh my basic chemistry skills), as the title states, does radiation stop once an element is fully decayed?

So far, in general, in terms of radiation of elements, each has a half life wherein elements slowly decay. As an element decays, it gives out an ionizing radiation.

Finally, I want to make sure that I am understanding the general concept of radiation correctly:

Ionizing radiation comes in different forms (alpha, beta, and gamma). Alpha is less likely to cause harm to our body as their waves cannot really make it past our skin's dead skin cell. Beta radiation, on the other hand, can be blocked by our clothes and therefore a regular lab coat would be sufficient to act as protection. Finally, Gamma radiation is the meanest of them all as it can travel really far and a person needs to be fully geared by lead shields in order to be safe. Is this correct?

*EDIT: Also, I found out that, when swallowed/inhaled, Alpha radiation can cause severe damage (even death). If that is the case, how come we are not being poisoned by the potassium in our body or whenever we eat bananas

Any information and/or articles with good reads regarding this topic would be greatly appreciated!

Thanks in advance!

submitted by /u/papercut03
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What advances would be required for us to see galaxies farther beyond the 700 million year mark?

Posted: 05 Mar 2017 02:52 PM PST

Why can't we just use solar panels and wind turbines on aircrafts to give them a better efficiency?

Posted: 06 Mar 2017 04:14 AM PST

What happens when the human immune system encounters a bacterium it has seen before?

Posted: 05 Mar 2017 11:02 AM PST

I know what happens when the immune system meets a bacterium for the first time, including cell-mediated and humoral response but what happens when it meets a bacterium it has seen before?

submitted by /u/mentalcasethrowaway
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In the scene from Passengers where Jennifer Lawrence is trapped in a swimming pool during zero gravity, would a human really have a hard time escaping the water in these conditions?

Posted: 05 Mar 2017 10:51 AM PST

What is the earliest record we have of humans supplementing their diet with spicy (hot) foods?

Posted: 05 Mar 2017 12:54 PM PST

It's my understanding that spicy foods such as hot peppers contain the chemical capsaicin. Humans have no taste receptors for capsaicin. Rather, capsaicin activates the pain receptors in the tongue and mouth. This causes no damage. There is no physical harm even though we refer to the sensation as burning. Many birds do not have pain receptors that react to capsaicin. So, I have always assumed birds were selected as a vehicle to spread the seeds of hot peppers because they would spread them farther whereas they deterred humans and other animals by causing pain. Humans, at some point, realized that spicy hot foods effect us in a weird way. Capsaicin causes pain which releases endorphins in the brain. This endorphin rush makes spicy foods a conditioned food source for us. I have always assumed Humans circumvented this defense mechanism of the hot pepper, but is that true. What is the earliest evidence we have of humans supplementing their diet with spicy (hot) foods? At what point did we circumvent this defense mechanism?

Additional: I have heard of scientists analyzing scat in anthropology/archeology digs. Can we determine capsaicin from these digs? Also, I am assuming a lot in the above question. Please correct anything I have written.

submitted by /u/GombyJabbared
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How do we know that Lucy is a direct human ancestor?

Posted: 05 Mar 2017 11:13 AM PST

Hey - fairly simple question I'm having trouble googling. How do we know that Lucy is a direct human ancestor and not just some other random ape/hominid? Besides the fact that her body fits our theories for a transition from ape to human, is there some other kind of evidence that proves Lucy is a part of our ancestry and not some random offshoot of another ape line? (If that makes sense).

submitted by /u/galaxy_guest
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What are Sub Shells in Regards to Electron Configuration?

Posted: 06 Mar 2017 12:20 AM PST

Can send superfast wifi though space?

Posted: 06 Mar 2017 06:08 AM PST

So i know currently the technology isnt viable to say video chat on mars like a concept on the film The Martian, because wifi/microwave signals cant travel fast enough leaving like a 21 minutes delay or summit. But ive heard of superfast internet that uses superfast flickering led lights to transmit wifi signals boosting currant tech- i heard this a few years ago that maybe a Edinburgh university had been testing and was going to be realised but i dont know what happened. So my question is:- can we send faster internet signals using superfast flickering led lights presumably at the speed of light?

I will add as people will just poke holes in my unperfect grammer and logic. - i mean the leds flash so fast you wouldnt even notice them switching off so no headaches etc as was stated in the article i read - the speed of light naturally being a light source that travels the speed of light

submitted by /u/Evilboytravis
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What is the significance of this invention?

Posted: 05 Mar 2017 11:41 PM PST

Recently my grandfather, Stuart Libby died, and I am trying to learn more about what he did for a living.

It seems like he was the inventor of SuperTan technology, when he worked for Tansitor in the 1980-90s, before they got bought out by Vishay.

Below are some links regarding some history of the capacitors.

Please tell me the significance of his work, I am eager to know.

http://www.vishay.com/landingpage/50year/sprague.html

http://patents.justia.com/inventor/stuart-e-libby

submitted by /u/zlibby1998
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Is Anti-M production after transfusion due to antigen recognition?

Posted: 05 Mar 2017 02:33 PM PST

What are the most likely causes of anti-M production after an operation? Could it be due to the recognition of M antigens received from a donors blood?

submitted by /u/Georgeredrup
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What, chemically distinguishes rocks from other solid chemicals (I.E. metal)?

Posted: 05 Mar 2017 12:07 PM PST

Why does MDMA affect serotonin levels when it is structurally similar to dopamine?

Posted: 05 Mar 2017 02:39 PM PST

Shouldn't it mimic the effects of dopamine? Both are phenethylamines.

submitted by /u/lax_incense
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Sunday, March 5, 2017

What happens when we run out of space on the radio frequency spectrum(s)?

What happens when we run out of space on the radio frequency spectrum(s)?


What happens when we run out of space on the radio frequency spectrum(s)?

Posted: 04 Mar 2017 03:25 PM PST

Why is it matter in the Sun's core can undergo fusion at 15 million degrees but our fusion reactors need to be 100+ million degrees?

Posted: 05 Mar 2017 04:27 AM PST

How hot would molten metal have to be to become a gas?

Posted: 04 Mar 2017 05:05 PM PST

So if I heat iron into molten iron. How much more would I have to heat it for it to become a gas?

submitted by /u/ayyan67
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Do oscillations truly go to zero, and if not, do we now how small they can decrease to?

Posted: 04 Mar 2017 06:00 PM PST

Consider a simple system of a 1 degree of freedom spring-mass/damper oscillator. When solving the differential equation that represents the equation of motion, we often get results that decay to a limit of 0 due to an exponential--i.e. overdamping, underdamping, and critical damping.

I was wondering, do these ever truly go to zero? I realize it's most likely similar to cutting something in half over and over again trying to get to zero mass, but at SOME point you hit subatomic particles and can't get anywhere. So do we know of a point at which oscillations seem to stay at a constant value very near zero?

More importantly, is my body still feeling that punch from the 3rd grade?

submitted by /u/Howardyoudoing95
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What's the difference between carbonite and carbon dioxide? They both have the same formula . . .

Posted: 04 Mar 2017 05:54 PM PST

Would it be right to say that semiconductors are produced by doping?

Posted: 04 Mar 2017 02:41 PM PST

I'm doing some research on semiconductors, and I've gotten onto the subject of doping. It appears that doping creates the p-n junction found in semiconductors. Since this seems to be a vital part of semiconductors, would it be right to say that doping is the process in which semiconductors are produced?

submitted by /u/GregorGuy
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I don't understand "Nuclear Radiation". How does it work and what separates it from other forms of matter/elements in our world that seem to make it so much more dangerous?

Posted: 04 Mar 2017 11:39 AM PST

I understand that it's 'bad', is most closely related nuclear power plant meltdowns and atomic bombs. But I don't understand HOW it works. Are there different types of radiation? Is the radiation our phones give off the same exact thing, except at a much lower level?

What is happening to our body when radiation gives us cancer? Why do we use radiation therapy to cure cancer when it also gives us cancer.

It also seems a property of it is that you can't really stop it - it seems like putting up walls or barriers is not effective unless they are ridiculously thick, and even then it seems like we just do that because we don't really know what else to do and it's better than nothing

Basically just looking for Nuclear Radiation 101 explanation.

submitted by /u/SlatheredButtCheeks
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Why do we consider that a e- n=3 in hydrogen atom has more energy than in n=1, when in reality the energy needed ionize the eletron is more in n=1 than in n=3? Why do eletrons have tendecy to go to lower states of energy? What do you consider a lower state of energy?

Posted: 05 Mar 2017 07:40 AM PST

So.. what its bugging my mind is this.. N=3 has is suppose to be a higher energy leve than n=1 right?However in this level the ionization energy is lower than it is for n=1.As such shouldn´t it be that n=3 is a lower energy level than n=1? And how come eletrons have tendecy to go to a lower energy level?And what do you consider to be a low energy level? Do you consider a low energy level when eletrons are only subject to Zef?Like i can´t stop thinking about this.. What is a lower energy level.. I know schrodinger equation and all that stuff and how he gets it there mathematically.. i just want to understand though

submitted by /u/SleepDaoist
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If you turned on every power-hungry function of your phone, could it lose battery even while charging?

Posted: 05 Mar 2017 07:36 AM PST

What causes a light to burn out?

Posted: 05 Mar 2017 06:07 AM PST

My wife always leaves the dryer door open. I have asked her not to, as I didn't want the tiny, hard to replace bulb inside to burn out. It finally did today, but she tells me it has nothing to do with how long it burns, but rather how many times it is turned on and off. There seems to be some logic in that, but I'm not willing to let my indignation go that easily. Does duration of burning play a role here and, if so, how big of one?

submitted by /u/drdantron3030
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What is the relationship of quantum field theory to quantum mechanics?

Posted: 04 Mar 2017 08:03 AM PST

The way I see QM is as a sort of general "protocol" for making predictions at the quantum scale. First, choose a Hilbert space representing all the possible states of your system; then choose a self-adjoint operator A representing the variable you want to measure; find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of A; use the Born rule to calculate the probability distribution; exponentiate iA to find the time evolution.

My understanding of QFT is that it uses this protocol to model fields like the EM field, so that the basic procedure is the same; the difference is that you use classical fields as a guide for choosing Hilbert spaces and operators, and this leads to things like Feynman diagrams and whatnot. How correct is this?

submitted by /u/BanachFan
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Is it possible to divide the frequency of the light?

Posted: 04 Mar 2017 04:51 PM PST

In electronics there are devices named "frequency dividers" which basically reduce the frequency of the incoming signal by counting zero-crossings. For example 1000 Hz oscillation on the input could be turned into 500 Hz.

Would it be somehow possible to sense the light as an oscillation and consequently divide its frequency to lower ones? Dare I say – audible ones?

As I understand, it is actually tera-hertz range and regular electronics don't work well in such high frequencies.

submitted by /u/mrkwa
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Why do Faraday cages not block visible light?

Posted: 04 Mar 2017 10:12 AM PST

I know, really stupid question, but I can't find an answer nor reasonably work it out myself.

Faraday cages block out electromagnetic fields, and radio signals.

Radio signals are simply part of the radiation spectrum, which, visible light is also a part of, just a different frequency.

I suppose I don't understand radiation as much as I wish I did, but could someone explain this in a qualitative or quantitative manner? (I'm an engineer so math won't be lost on me)

submitted by /u/Trigger93
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Why does the fusion of iron atoms absorb rather than result in energy ?

Posted: 04 Mar 2017 07:06 PM PST

Reading an article about the evolution of a star into a super nova I encountered these sentences, " The star forges progressively heavier elements until iron is created. But iron is not a stellar fuel. Fusing it with other atoms doesn't release energy; it saps it from its surroundings." (Science News 2/18/17 pg 22). I thought, evidently wrongly, that fusion always resulted in the conversion of matter to energy, so my question is why?

submitted by /u/nadanutcase
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What sort of velocities are expected from alpha and beta radiation particles?

Posted: 04 Mar 2017 10:32 PM PST

A recent question here about how radiation works has got me thinking about radiation trajectories. I understand electromagnetic radiation would follow a pretty much straight trajectory, because it's pretty much photons, but what about the other massive types of radiation?

I expect them to follow parabolas, but what is the usual initial velocity from the decay? Can we predict the sort of kinetic energies involved?

submitted by /u/ZackyZack
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Why can't a microwave oven be made to cook more evenly?

Posted: 04 Mar 2017 05:37 PM PST

How do we know an electron is matter or antimatter?

Posted: 04 Mar 2017 03:03 PM PST

I understand whether we define a particle as matter or antimatter is fairly arbitrary, but what is the reasoning behind classifying groups of particles together as matter / anti-matter?

i.e why do we say both protons and electron are matter, and is it possible that protons are matter and electrons anti-matter?

I'm hoping for some more insight into whether the matter anti-matter imbalance in the universe is just a mistaken assumption on what we classify as matter and anti-matter.

submitted by /u/_unique
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Why is the energy for a lightning bolt so much higher than what is expected from these capacitance equations?

Posted: 04 Mar 2017 04:24 PM PST

I have always been taught how lightning could be viewed as the discharge of a capacitor being the air between the clouds and the ground.

So I was fiddling around with the equations:

The equation for capacitance is:

\[C = e_r e_0 A/d \]
this

So if we assume:

  • the relative permittivity ([;e_r;]) for air is ~1

  • the Area of the capacitors ([;A;]) ~ 1x105 m2 (100 km2 ) which is a fair approximation

  • [;e_0;] is just standard electric constant

  • The separation between the 'plates' ([;d;]) is on average ~ 3*103 m (3km)

C ~ 2.95*10-10 F

We also know due to messing around with the equation that:

\[W_{stored} = (1/2) CV^2 \] this

Though if we put that equation in with the capacitance we got & assuming a voltage of about 3*105 V which is a fair assumption

The energy stored in the capacitor is apparently ~ 13 J !!

That seems much less than I would expect a lightning bolt to be or at least this 'capacitor' to store.

I am wondering where I've messed up.

Thanks for any help! (Also I am sorry if I'm completly wrong about most of this - only just teaching myself about capacitors)

submitted by /u/pokuit
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What's more effective at reflecting heat, a sheet of aluminum that is polished or a sheet of aluminum painted white?

Posted: 04 Mar 2017 07:47 AM PST

I've been wondering if something that was polished to a mirror finish was better at not absorbing heat through light than something painted with pure white paint. Any responses are appreciated!

submitted by /u/Its_Gingie
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[Physics] Could one rip an electron from a neutral atom solely by applying a magnetic field?

Posted: 04 Mar 2017 08:06 AM PST

From outside the atom, there would be no net charge. However, if a magnetic field penetrates the boundaries of the atom, it should have differing effects on the nucleus and electron, correct? If this is true, how strong of an electric field would you have to produce to separate a hydrogen nucleus from an electron?

submitted by /u/Ununtrumpnium
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Saturday, March 4, 2017

If photons have a minimum wavelength, what happens when photons at that energy are blue shifted?

If photons have a minimum wavelength, what happens when photons at that energy are blue shifted?


If photons have a minimum wavelength, what happens when photons at that energy are blue shifted?

Posted: 04 Mar 2017 01:00 AM PST

My understanding is photons can't have a wavelength smaller than the Planck length (though I'm not completely clear on why)- So what happens if you shine light at, say, twice that wavelength at someone moving towards you at 0.9c?

it seems like, in the reference frame of the person moving towards you, the wavelength would be different by a factor of 1/(1- v2/c2) so it would go from 3.2*10-35 m to 6.1*10-36 m. That would mean it was below the minimum wavelength though, so what would actually happen?

submitted by /u/bearjuani
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Does the amount of dark, paved surfaces humans have made have a measurable impact on local temperatures or global climate change?

Posted: 03 Mar 2017 07:17 AM PST

For instance will cities with lots of paved roads and parking lots be hotter because of that? And if this effect exists, is there enough paving on earth for it to contribute to the global climate?

submitted by /u/turquoiserabbit
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Why do we use xenon and not for example helium in ion propulsion engines?

Posted: 04 Mar 2017 02:10 AM PST

Would a being living in a hyperbolic space be able to tell that its space was a hyperbolic shape?

Posted: 04 Mar 2017 06:28 AM PST

Also, if our hyperbolic being was a 18th century timid mathematician, would he be able to conceptualize euclidean geometry and see it as complex as hyperbolic is to us?

submitted by /u/TimAnEnchanter
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What are the best theories (if any) we have for what dark matter and dark energy is?

Posted: 03 Mar 2017 05:33 PM PST

Is it possible for a spacecraft to re-enter the atmosphere without needing a heat shield?

Posted: 04 Mar 2017 04:19 AM PST

Can a spacecraft not just use its airodynamics to bleed its speed in the upper atmosphere without moving to an altitude where the atmosphere is dense enough to create high temperatures?

submitted by /u/finlay422
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So exactly what IS energy?

Posted: 03 Mar 2017 05:18 PM PST

Is there a "safer" alternative to Uranium235 for nuclear power generation?

Posted: 03 Mar 2017 11:40 PM PST

I understand that U235 decays into a number of elements that are themselves radioactive (i.e. radioactive waste). I am wondering if there is an isotope of any element that decays into stable isotopes only (and therefore produces no radioactive waste) that we could use in reactors or if there is a way to influence/control the outcome of U235 decay to make the waste products less radioactive. Any ideas?

submitted by /u/Sidiabdulassar
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Can ovaries regrow, whether completely or in part, after an overiectomy?

Posted: 03 Mar 2017 06:36 PM PST

We're in a bit of a conundrum, [and are waiting for formal medical advice - appointment with the GP is next week - this is not a request for medical advice, just some basic knowledge]. A close friend had a bilateral ovariectomy and hysterectomy about 20 years ago. She is being investigated for abdominal pain, possibly a kidney stone, but the radiologist came back with this baffling statement that he can see both ovaries on her pelvian echography. Apparently one of them even has a cyst.

We're completely puzzled! She went to the archives and exhumed her surgery report from 20 years ago to be sure her memory wasn't at fault; it explicitly states that both ovaries were completely removed.

How is this possible? Can ovaries grow back? Are there alternative interpretations? Can it be some other type of tissue?

submitted by /u/Gargatua13013
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What is the slingshot effect and how does it work?

Posted: 03 Mar 2017 07:19 PM PST

Water boils at about 7 degrees in .01 atmospheres. Could you cook instant ramen in this boiling water?

Posted: 03 Mar 2017 11:27 PM PST

This question was inspired by this post.

submitted by /u/CitizenPremier
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Does using two WiFi routers increase the variance in signal strength?

Posted: 03 Mar 2017 02:37 PM PST

When using two WiFi routers on the same network, you'd expect to see some destructive interference—necessarily more so than you'd see in a single-router network. I infer this from fooling around with two sources of the same frequency in a ripple tank. Is this a correct conclusion to draw?

We all experience issues with dead zones in single-router setups; does using two routers exacerbate this problem?

How sensitive is this to particular conditions? Are there two-router systems that are 'smart' and send different signals depending on what connections they have?

submitted by /u/Piconeeks
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Why do certain tv channels come in when I'm close to the antenna?

Posted: 03 Mar 2017 06:43 PM PST

I have a $20 Wal-Mart digital TV antenna. Why does my ABC station only come in when I am sitting at my computer, 3 ft from my antenna on a bookshelf, but not when I'm elsewhere in the room?

I've looked up the antenna strengths and they only broadcast at 1/4 of the other big stations. But still, why does me moving 2-3 feet affect the signal so much to come in almost perfectly when I'm in the right spot?

submitted by /u/Read_to_Your_Kids
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What exactly is vacuum energy and what effects can it have?

Posted: 03 Mar 2017 02:02 PM PST

I've been trying to do my own research on this, but most of what I've found is a lot of quantum physics jargon that I really don't understand. Any help would be great.

submitted by /u/TheSorge
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Why is it that certain metals, glasses and plastics can be wipe or polished clean?

Posted: 03 Mar 2017 08:40 AM PST

In the past, I sold a metal polishing/cleaning product called Flitz that would clean most metals all the way to the base layer. I also have glassware that needs constant cleaning that no matter how dirty it gets, I can always get it to a sparkling shine! This made me wonder how no matter how much tarnish some things can get, they can be restored to a near new look. Now, I believe it could have something to do with these materials having pores and it's a matter of flushing particles out. I've also heard somewhere that metals, glass, and plastics lose a thin layer everytime they're scrubbed or polished. I'm not exactly sure how to research this so I hope you guys have informed answers! :D Thank you in advance for your thoughtful answers!

submitted by /u/CamTasty
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Is it theoretically possible to CREATE a new planet??

Posted: 03 Mar 2017 05:14 PM PST

We hear about "habitable" planets being discovered everyday.But in the future with enough technology can a planet be created to sustain human life ?OR can a planets atmosphere be altered with some technology ?

I just want to know.It maybe silly/stupid.Like theoretically is it possible.??

submitted by /u/kajnbagoat
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Is there a simple sequence of moves on a Rubik's cube that will cycle through every possible arrangement?

Posted: 03 Mar 2017 03:37 AM PST

That is, would there be a sequence of moves which if repeated for long enough would ALWAYS solve the cube eventually?

submitted by /u/Ixuvia
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Now that SHA-1 has been broken, what would it take for crackers to break SHA-256 or SHA-512? Is it just a matter of processor time?

Posted: 03 Mar 2017 05:47 AM PST

It's been broken: http://www.shattered.io/

They recommend moving on to SHA-256 or SHA-512:

We hope our practical attack on SHA-1 will increase awareness and convince the industry to quickly move to safer alteratives, such as SHA-256.

But if the algorithm is basically the same and only the block size changes, why is it safer? Is it only because the required processor time would be exponentially larger?

submitted by /u/annitaq
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Can glass be boiled?

Posted: 03 Mar 2017 07:51 AM PST

Can materials like glass be boiled and evaporated like water? I've been trying to find a simple answer to this all morning, but the most I've been able to find is that glass at a high enough temperature appears to boil, but really it's just air bubbles that are simply rising to the surface.

submitted by /u/scaryuncledevin
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How do electrons jump the gap in a capacitor without the emf of a battery present?

Posted: 03 Mar 2017 09:32 AM PST

In school we have been using a voltmeter to measure the discharge rate of a capacitor but I don't know why the electrons continue to jump the capacitor gap and discharge without a emf. Also how if you charge a capacitor is one plate negative and the other positive, surely the other would be neutral?

submitted by /u/lewlew241
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Space and time are just 2 facets of the same thing (spacetime), and this ST has been expanding in all directions since the Big Bang. I can understand what that would mean spacially (galaxies moving apart from each other), but what would that mean temporally?

Posted: 03 Mar 2017 04:58 AM PST