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Sunday, February 12, 2017

Could we land a probe in the polar region of Venus?

Could we land a probe in the polar region of Venus?


Could we land a probe in the polar region of Venus?

Posted: 11 Feb 2017 10:34 PM PST

The Venus express showed that surface temps near the poles are actually quite cold. If we built a probe to handle the pressure and acid rain, could we land it in a relatively hospitable location temperature-wise and have it last?

submitted by /u/latitude_platitude
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With our current technology, what is the furthest possible exoplanet we could detect to have chlorophyll?

Posted: 11 Feb 2017 11:52 PM PST

When measuring LD (Linear dichroism)/UV (Ultraviolet) does a peak at a higher wavelength mean a larger molecule?

Posted: 12 Feb 2017 04:36 AM PST

So I've been running samples of bacteriophage and bacteriophage with antibodies conjugated to them through LD and UV machines and the latter's peaks are shunted to the right slightly (so at a higher wavelength). Is this because the individual molecules are larger and this alters how they absorb light or is it some other reason? Thanks in advance.

submitted by /u/128hoodmario
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How much more Powerful would a Graphene Superconductor Battery be than a same-sized Lithium ion Battery ?

Posted: 11 Feb 2017 11:53 PM PST

I read somewhere its 20x more power

That doesnt sound really much and not at all revolutionary , does it ?

submitted by /u/BaidDSB
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Is there a difference between the horizon of a black hole and the horizon of our observable univers?

Posted: 11 Feb 2017 11:11 PM PST

These horizons/edges appear very similar:

Both

  • Objects beyond is not visible because light from them will never reach us.

  • Objects close to the horizon appear frozen in time as they approach light speed away from us.

  • Object will redshift more an more as they approach the horizon

  • more similarities?

submitted by /u/viking91
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Why is the top quark so much more massive than the other quarks?

Posted: 11 Feb 2017 10:14 PM PST

How to reconcile black hole charge when the electromagnetic force is governed by particle exchange in the standard model?

Posted: 11 Feb 2017 11:08 PM PST

So black holes are only characterized by mass, spin, and charge. I was thinking that it's weird we can measure or otherwise characterize their charge since in QED virtual photon exchange is what propagates the EM force. Do the virtual photons not care about the event horizon, or has this not been reconciled? Does this say anything about information being/not being destroyed when passing the event horizon?

submitted by /u/dcnairb
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Why is there no solution to the 3-body problem?

Posted: 11 Feb 2017 12:40 PM PST

I'm an undergrad physics major who's currently taking a differential equations class, and I was wondering why we can explicitly solve for 2, but systems with three and more bodies are unsolvable (in most cases, as it seems that systems with certain symmetries to be exploited can be solved.)

submitted by /u/RulerFrancis
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How do scientists make antimatter if everything we have to use to make it is made of matter? Also, does matter and antimatter annihilating each other violate conservation of mass?

Posted: 11 Feb 2017 03:01 PM PST

Why is California's drought ending?

Posted: 11 Feb 2017 11:26 AM PST

In response to a gif on the front page that shows California's drought over time, I was wondering what change(s) have caused them to get more rain/snow?

submitted by /u/orbitalUncertainty
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Why aren't rocket launched from taller launching pads?

Posted: 11 Feb 2017 02:48 PM PST

Is the amount of water on earth always constant, and has it always been that way?

Posted: 11 Feb 2017 11:22 AM PST

I understand we might find new sources or water reserves, but essentially it would not be "new" water right, just water we hadn't discovered? Is all the water on earth a remnant from the earth's formation?

submitted by /u/gandis200
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Since plants don't need to breathe through their roots, why does over-watering kill some plants? Why don't they absorb what they need and ignore the rest?

Posted: 11 Feb 2017 10:44 AM PST

Question about scenario involving the conservation of momentum with magnetism and delays induced by the speed of light - How is momentum conserved?

Posted: 11 Feb 2017 05:58 PM PST

Ok, so we know that momentum always needs to be conserved, but I am having trouble identifying how it would be observed in the following scenario.

Lets say we had two super powerful electromagnets, situated a decent distance away from each other. One is on the right, and the other is on the left. They are situated so the magnetic fields would produce a repulsive force on one another. Both start in the OFF state.

To start the experiment, we briefly turn on the LEFT electromagnet and then quickly turn it off. Immediately as the left electromagnet is turning off, the one on the RIGHT is turning on.

Due to the fact that magnetic fields travel at the speed of light, it would be possible to set an appropriate distance and time this action so that the one on the left is OFF when it experiences the field from the electromagnet on the right... but the electromagnet on the right would be ON when experiencing the magnetic field from the left electromagnet. This would occur since the electromagnet on the left was turned off before the one on the right was turned on, and the magnetic field from the left electromagnet was still in transit (at the speed of light) when the right electromagnet was turned on.

This should create a strong repulsive force on the right electromagnet, but not the left electromagnet. This force imbalance would create more momentum in the right electromagnet, which is obviously impossible.

What am I missing here?

submitted by /u/AgentSmith27
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Will a candle actually help warm up a really cold room?

Posted: 11 Feb 2017 09:51 AM PST

How does light emitted in a flame test correlate to the element's position on the periodic table?

Posted: 11 Feb 2017 10:51 PM PST

Title pretty much says it all.

Just looking for some facts to back up my idea of elements in the higher groups giving off higher frequency photons (if that's the case).

submitted by /u/Orsum_1
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What is the link between the Fourier transform and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle?

Posted: 11 Feb 2017 11:43 AM PST

How can the uncertainty principle be derived from the De Broglie hypothesis by mean of the Fourier transform? And what is the physical meaning of the latter in the quantum theory?

submitted by /u/savibu
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Question about Circles inscribed within each other getting smaller and smaller?

Posted: 11 Feb 2017 08:54 PM PST

If I took a circle with Diameter D and inscribed a circle whose tangent is at the Northern most point of the first circle and whose Diameter is exactly D/2 (the Radius of Circle 1), then inside of circle 2 I inscribed a third circle whose tangent is at the Western most point of Circle 2 and whose Diameter is the radius of Circle 2. If I continued this Ad Infinitum (N W S E N W … etc.), what point within Circle 1 would I be at?

An example of this could be found here although this is a bad example, since the diameters of each circle is not equal to the radius of the the N-1 circle.

submitted by /u/TheTrueJay
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Does the core of the earth rotate slower than the crust/outermost layer?

Posted: 11 Feb 2017 09:52 AM PST

The earth obviously completes 1 rotation per 24 hours regardless, but imagining the core of the earth as a sphere within a much larger one, would a point at the earth's core rotate at a lower velocity than a point on the earth's crust?

submitted by /u/intoxicatedwithmusic
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What happens when for Perfect Reflection of Wave at Normal Incidence?

Posted: 11 Feb 2017 05:29 PM PST

Supposing we had a source for a wave far from a surface. This surface allows for perfect reflection. The wave would be reflected 180 degrees out of phase with the incidence wave. If this reflection occurs at the normal incidence then is the wave detectable? I would assume long term that destructive interference cancels out the amplitude of the wave everywhere between the source and the surface.

This may be an even stupider question: does the wave still exist, seems that if superposition cancels the energy/ amplitude of the wave to be zero then its trivial.

submitted by /u/Die-User
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Saturday, February 11, 2017

Why is the major key considered cheerful and the minor key considered sad? Is this a nurtured trait or a natural predisposition?

Why is the major key considered cheerful and the minor key considered sad? Is this a nurtured trait or a natural predisposition?


Why is the major key considered cheerful and the minor key considered sad? Is this a nurtured trait or a natural predisposition?

Posted: 10 Feb 2017 06:17 PM PST

If a black hole created from matter, and a black hole created from antimatter collide, is the result a bigger black hole or would something else happen?

Posted: 11 Feb 2017 06:54 AM PST

Why do some some grand unification theories, such as the SU(5) Georgi–Glashow model and SO(10), require proton decay to be true?

Posted: 11 Feb 2017 06:57 AM PST

How does hawking radiation cause black holes to evaporate? If one particle falls into the event horizon while the other escapes, shouldn't the black hole grow not shrink?

Posted: 10 Feb 2017 07:59 PM PST

How was quantum entanglement discovered?

Posted: 11 Feb 2017 05:54 AM PST

I can't find a single source that gives me a precise answer. If it was through a mathematical equation. Which was it? Also, under what conditions and how can you make two particles entangled?

submitted by /u/tiagovtristao
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What is exactly potential energy?

Posted: 11 Feb 2017 05:18 AM PST

It always blows my mind to think about it. How can two identical objects have a different amount of energy just because one is further away from Earth than the other? Wouldn't that make everything on earth have a massive amount of energy compared to a faraway black hole? And since energy isn't created or destroyed, what happens to the energy I spend lifting an apple outside of Earth's gravitational field? Can it be measured?

submitted by /u/unicodepepper
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What is the physical basis for electric charge?

Posted: 10 Feb 2017 07:46 PM PST

That is, what is it about protons that attracts electrons and repels other protons and vice-versa? Or is it one of those things where that's just the way it is and nobody knows why yet?

submitted by /u/PMME-YOUR-TITS-GIRL
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What's causing violent stroms (great red spot) on Jupiter?

Posted: 11 Feb 2017 12:24 AM PST

In few billion years everything should have been settled down. right?

We see stroms here on earth, but we also have life here to disturb atmosphere.

submitted by /u/v4vijayakumar
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LEDs and Colder Temperatures?

Posted: 11 Feb 2017 06:04 AM PST

Can anyone tell me the specific reasoning that LEDs work better at colder temps? I have found numerous articles and websites saying this is the case, but no real actual explanation. Is it because the cold can assist with combatting heat from the light itself, thus lengthening its life?

submitted by /u/jd_nurse
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What are the limits of visual recall in memory?

Posted: 10 Feb 2017 06:38 PM PST

I've heard about eidetic recall of text strings, numbers, or events, but how vividly can an image or scene be recalled? For example this artist apparently drew Manhattan after a brief helicopter ride (though honestly, there are missing or inaccurate details).

submitted by /u/I_make_things
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What are the effects of masturbation on motivation, productivity and non sexual relationships?

Posted: 10 Feb 2017 11:04 AM PST

If a galaxy 2 million light years away is coming toward us and we see it as it was 2 million light years ago, doesn't that mean it's already here?

Posted: 10 Feb 2017 12:44 PM PST

If a galaxy 2 million light years away is coming toward us and we see it as it was 2 million light years ago, doesn't that mean it's already here?

submitted by /u/lightspeed13
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Why can't we just shut the Fukushima Reactor down by inserting control rods?

Posted: 10 Feb 2017 02:57 PM PST

Use the same weapons technology we have for delivering bunker busting warheads but interject control rods instead. Turn the entire reactor into a pin cushion for control rods.

submitted by /u/HerpesPhobic
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Why isn't the Earth constantly shedding mass?

Posted: 11 Feb 2017 03:56 AM PST

This is something I just thought of a few days ago and has been bugging me. We know the surface of the Earth is covered in gasses that comprise the atmosphere. In chemistry, I remember learning how gasses behave like collections of gaseous particles bouncing off of each other, with each collision sending two particles in different directions. Presumably, some of these collisions will send particles shooting off into space.

Obviously, gravity plays a huge part in stopping escaping particles and pulling them back to Earth. However, in addition, I remember that when an object hits a certain speed (Earths escape velocity), its rate of deceleration from gravity is insufficient to stop it from traveling into space indefinitely. I assume gaseous particles travel fast enough to meet that requirement, at least some of the time.

As far as I know, there is no source that replenishes Earth's mass in the same way that the sun does for energy.

Given these observations, over time, the Earth would constantly be losing mass (specifically it's atmosphere) into space, but I've never heard of any theory like this before. Does this happen? And if not, why?

submitted by /u/DankBeamMemeDreams
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Why aren't more vaccines oral?

Posted: 10 Feb 2017 02:33 PM PST

It seems a large problem with vaccination efforts is that it requires a trained nurse to deliver the injection. That hiders vaccination efforts in rural underdeveloped areas.

So why don't we have more oral vaccines? (If the stomaches acidity is an issue cant we put it in a capsule...or maybe use a hookworm as a vector)

Also, would a skin patch be viable?

thanks.

submitted by /u/areditorhasnoname
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How was the Pythagorean Theorem proven without algebra?

Posted: 10 Feb 2017 12:22 PM PST

Is there a limit to the power of chemical explosives?

Posted: 10 Feb 2017 09:25 AM PST

From my understanding of chemical explosives, it's the sudden release of energy from a high energy bond, down to a lower energy bond. Is there a theoretical limit, to the power of these explosives (say per 10g of explosive), due to the bonds physically having to much engery to stay stable.

submitted by /u/Thatguywhosme
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If matter cannot be created nor destroyed , then what happens to the matter that falls into a black hole?

Posted: 10 Feb 2017 12:33 PM PST

Is there such thing as Zero Point Energy?

Posted: 10 Feb 2017 06:56 PM PST

Is Zero Point energy the same as energy of the vacuum? Could zero-point energy be used to power humanity if the right technology was developed? Is there such a thing, even theoretically?

submitted by /u/Gemini_Wolf
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When and where did the fused human chromosome 2 originate?

Posted: 10 Feb 2017 09:27 AM PST

I imagine ancient DNA evidence could provide at least a minimum age for the mutation. How much is known about the origin of chromosome 2?

submitted by /u/kendfrey
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If a photon is just a single particle then how does it translate to a specific colour? Aren't they all the same?

Posted: 10 Feb 2017 12:40 PM PST

I was considering the fact that RGB displays, like smartphones, consist of tiny pixels that represent a specific colour and, combined, can blend to create more colours. But since all these pixels are separated, unlike true white light, then why can they create the colour white? Wouldn't they be doomed to always being slightly off-white since they literally come from different areas of the screen (albeit right next to each other) and not just a single point of origin?

If the colours we perceive are different wave lengths on the EM spectrum, then how is a blue photon different from a red photon?

submitted by /u/ihurtpuppies
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have we ever observed a black hole evaporating (dying)?

Posted: 10 Feb 2017 11:43 AM PST

hawking radiation until its fully radiated itself to nothing?

submitted by /u/QuokkaEmporium
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In visual reading, there is skimming, scanning, and word-for-word reading. Is there a Braille equivalent?

Posted: 10 Feb 2017 06:52 AM PST

Friday, February 10, 2017

How did Archimedes calculate the volume of spheres using infinitesimals?

How did Archimedes calculate the volume of spheres using infinitesimals?


How did Archimedes calculate the volume of spheres using infinitesimals?

Posted: 09 Feb 2017 09:25 AM PST

What is the smallest amount of matter needed to create a black hole ? Could a poppy seed become a black hole if crushed to small enough space ?

Posted: 10 Feb 2017 05:40 AM PST

What is limiting people from making room temperature superconductors?

Posted: 09 Feb 2017 08:07 PM PST

According to my physics teacher if someone was to come up with such a thing then overheating anything wouldn't be a problem and that person/group would become trillionaires overnight.

submitted by /u/gamblingthroaway
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How did scientists in ancient India (~1500 BCE), precisely predict trajectory of the Moon and other celestial events without the use of technology like telescopes, computers and satellites?

Posted: 09 Feb 2017 10:55 PM PST

They even created a precise calendar, based on these predictions, which holds true till today, several thousands of years later. I am very intrigued as to how was it possible at that point in time.

submitted by /u/imkaush
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How would Helium-3 be mined on the moon or the outer gas giants Jupiter, Saturn?

Posted: 09 Feb 2017 07:44 PM PST

It comes up in fiction, but what exactly would the process of mining Helium 3 look like?

submitted by /u/AndyLC
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For the vast majority of Earth's history, there was no life on the surface. What did the landscape of the Earth look like before plant life, or land animals?

Posted: 09 Feb 2017 03:12 PM PST

This is a strange question, but it's bothering me. I don't think I've ever seen an artists impression/depiction of what Earth's surface has looked like for most of its lifetime. I remember in Walking with Monsters they depicted it as a dry, desert, arid landscape.

What would it have looked like? If the Earth was stripped bare, would the rocks be grey? Yellow? Brown? Would it be dusty, muddy, or sandy?

submitted by /u/Pluto_and_Charon
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Why do bases "eat" flesh?

Posted: 09 Feb 2017 10:30 AM PST

with acids it is because the released H-atoms react with the proteins and breaks up the pepitde bond. but how do bases work?

submitted by /u/theluke112
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Is it easier for an exhaust fan to pull air through a duct rather than pushing it into the duct?

Posted: 09 Feb 2017 06:52 PM PST

I'm planning on adding a new bathroom exhaust fan and somehow I'm thinking that it if it were mounted closer to the roof (in the attic) it would be able to pull the humid air out of the bathroom through the duct more efficiently. As opposed to being ceiling mounted, it would have a harder time pushing air through the duct. Is there any basis for this?

submitted by /u/qazpod
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How would one objectively determine if the sample size of a set of data is "good enough"?

Posted: 09 Feb 2017 05:17 PM PST

What does the Schrodinger equation mean and what does it tell us?

Posted: 09 Feb 2017 01:10 PM PST

I am beginning quantum mechanics and we have been studying the Schrodinger equation pretty extensively. But I am confused about what this equation represents and why can't we derive it?

submitted by /u/tokamak_2000
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If blood is taken from a human corpse several hours after death, can lab tests detect that the blood sample was taken from a dead person?

Posted: 09 Feb 2017 10:41 AM PST

I'm aware that blood coagulates several hours after death. So does a blood sample taken from a person who has been dead for several hours contain markers that distinguish it from blood taken from a live person (or very recently dead person), and can these markers be detected through forensic testing?

submitted by /u/PetrichorGirl
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An event happens with constant frequency F. I am uncertain about the exact value of F, as represented by the probability distribution P(F). I start observing at a random moment. After S seconds, the event occurs. What is my new subjective distribution of P(F)?

Posted: 09 Feb 2017 10:57 AM PST

Which is stronger, covalent or ionic bonds?

Posted: 09 Feb 2017 09:42 PM PST

What determines the difference of energy between two quantum energy levels?

Posted: 09 Feb 2017 04:33 PM PST

I want to find out what makes different items have different colors. I already found out that they only absorb light that can help the electron "jump" to another quantum energy level but what determines the difference between the quantum energy levels?

submitted by /u/ThimoSpeelman
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What does it mean that the phase velocity or the group velocity of matter waves can be greater than the speed of light?

Posted: 09 Feb 2017 01:54 PM PST

In my textbook today I read that in matter waves that the phase velocity and group velocity can exceed the speed of light but we wouldn't be able to attain any information if it did. So in order to transmit information the wave must be modulated in some way. What does this mean? Matter waves can travel faster than light but don't have any information? I though nothing can exceed the speed of light?

submitted by /u/tokamak_2000
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Can natural subterranean aquifers be artificially refilled?

Posted: 09 Feb 2017 05:38 PM PST

If we had a supply of fresh water, could we pump that water back into the aquifer at the rate we took it out? Would the ground that has sunk because the water level lowered rise back up?

submitted by /u/1SweetChuck
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Confused by this video by Leonard Susskind on all symmetries in physics being approximations. How can this be right?

Posted: 09 Feb 2017 04:01 PM PST

https://youtu.be/45vCHttuUnQ

Susskind says that all symmetries (continuous symmetries and symmetries that are about interchanging two objects) are really always approximate or are always broken.

He gives this example about nearly massless quarks which I understand just fine.

But isn't CPT symmetry exact as far as we know? And what about space translational and rotational symmetry which give rise to conservation of linear and angular momentum?

submitted by /u/ultraking_x2
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If we're inside the Milky Way, why does it look like it's "over there"?

Posted: 09 Feb 2017 09:19 AM PST

Here is how the Milky Way typically looks from our solar system: https://i.imgur.com/PgYKaSd.jpg

If we're on the outer edge of the milky way, why does it feel like the photographer is sitting way outside the galaxy in space, and looking upon it from afar? I picture myself on a giant dinner plate, just in from the rim a few hundred meters. I look off to the center, and then look down along the floor and see plate all the way up to my feet. I turn around, and see plate extending off to the rim. It looks like all the area around me is plate, but the view we have of the galaxy looks like we're perched far away in deep space.

Why doesn't it appear as though some big spiral arm is extending towards us and enveloping us? Like this: https://i.imgur.com/tFMp00H.png

submitted by /u/Freeloading_Sponger
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Why does there appear to be water erosion at the edge of continental plates under the ocean?

Posted: 09 Feb 2017 09:48 PM PST

The most notable area that I see on google maps is the west coast of north america where it looks like rivers flow across the pacific plate. I know freshwater is less dense than saltwater, so why would this happen?

submitted by /u/YumeCookie
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Is there a Gauss's Law for Light?

Posted: 09 Feb 2017 12:44 PM PST

If we state Gauss's Law as

Surface integral of E dot dA = Q / (epsilon_0) 

Can we say this?

Surface integral of Illuminance dA = Luminous Flux 

Does that equation hold true? I figured the dot product could go because illuminance is a scalar. Is there some other expression that it equals, such as Q/(epsilon_0) for Gauss's Law or 0 for his law for magnetism or mass for -4piGM for Gauss's Law for Gravity?

tl;dr: I'm trying to mentally relate the concepts of luminous flux and illuminance to electric flux and electric field.

submitted by /u/66bananasandagrape
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Can some Taylor series be interpreted as Legendre-Fourier series?

Posted: 09 Feb 2017 12:34 PM PST

Suppose you have a function that can be expressed as a Taylor series as well as a Legendre-Fourier series. Since the Legendre series is just a series of Legendre polynomials, we can group coefficients and rewrite it as a power series. And since this "new" series must be equal to the Taylor series (at least for |x| < 1), the coefficients must be equal.

Taylor series are said to NOT be series of orthogonal functions, but in this case, it seems that it is equivalent to one.

So can Taylor series be interpreted as Fourier series in this way? Or am I being loose with a definition or something?

submitted by /u/bellsandwhistles
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Does the angle of the tube affect Poiseuille's Law?

Posted: 09 Feb 2017 09:26 AM PST

Hi,

Just wanted to check that Poiseuille's Law concerning flow of fluids through tubes isn't affected by the angle of the tube. All the diagrams that I've seen show horizontal tubes, and I would like to know if the law works the same if the tube is vertical, below the water source.

Thanks for any help :)

submitted by /u/Millman97
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