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Friday, January 6, 2017

Would a superconductor pass through a walk through metal detector without being detected?

Would a superconductor pass through a walk through metal detector without being detected?


Would a superconductor pass through a walk through metal detector without being detected?

Posted: 05 Jan 2017 05:52 PM PST

As walk through metal detectors rely on metal disturbing a magnetic field, and superconductors through the Meissner effect eject magnetic fields, would a walk through metal detector (like at airport security) detect a superconducting superconductor?

submitted by /u/I14
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Are there simple studies proving or disproving the effectiveness of SSRI antidepressants?

Posted: 05 Jan 2017 07:18 PM PST

Sorry if this is the wrong place to ask but I've been searching for days and am getting desperate. I have found hundreds of meta-analyses on everything depression related, but does anyone have actual studies in which patients are given SSRIs and the improvement is measured? I have only found one of these using fluoxetine, despite scouring many databases and references of so many analyses and articles. Thanks for any help!

submitted by /u/ewagn12
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Has googles "GO" AI figured out a way to solve NP problems?

Posted: 06 Jan 2017 06:30 AM PST

I am am rather interested to know how the AI works. if it is truly unbeatable doesn't that mean Its effectively solving an NP problem in polynomial time?

Edit: link http://www.wsj.com/articles/ai-program-vanquishes-human-players-of-go-in-china-1483601561

submitted by /u/brockchancy
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Is there an intrinsic property of smaller numbers that makes them more useful?

Posted: 06 Jan 2017 01:05 AM PST

Disclaimer: I know nothing about high level math and the entire premise of my question could very likely be flawed.

Out of all the numbers ever used in mathematical proofs, smaller numbers occur much more often than astronomically large numbers. For example, numbers between 1 and 10 are used far more frequently than numbers larger than grahams number. I'd be willing to bet that there's some sort of exponential correlation between the value of a number and the frequency with which it has been used in a proof.

My question is this: is the reason for this that there is a property of smaller numbers that makes them more "useful"? Or is this simply a byproduct of human brains not being complex enough to find more use in larger numbers?

submitted by /u/mandarin_blueberry
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Does plate tectonic activity have a measurable effect on the weather?

Posted: 05 Jan 2017 10:54 PM PST

[Physics] When a collision occurs in a particle accelerator what is the fate of the subatomic particles?

Posted: 05 Jan 2017 03:32 PM PST

Always wondered how the subatomic particles behave after they are liberated from the collision....where do they go?

submitted by /u/JNYHC
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Is there a known explanation on why post-primary infections of tuberculosis have a strong predilection for the upper zones of the lungs?

Posted: 05 Jan 2017 05:14 PM PST

Also, paracoccidioidomycosis have a predilection for the middle and lower zones. I would like to understand how those particular places of the lungs are the most affected.

submitted by /u/cty981
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Saw a video that race cars have sometimes 1 metric ton of downforce, how does the car not just grind the ground with that much added weight?

Posted: 05 Jan 2017 09:16 PM PST

gt500 cars from japan in particualr, saw it on best motoring international where keiichi tsuchiya drove an nsx around tsukuba.

submitted by /u/goldenwooftriever
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Does picking a fruit or vegetable before ripening, change the nutritional elements?

Posted: 05 Jan 2017 07:05 AM PST

Does picking a fruit or vegetable before ripening, change the nutritional elements found in that fruit or vegetable? For example does the amount of lycopene change if you pick a tomato while it's green and let it ripen on the window sill vs ripening on the vine?

submitted by /u/rogueit
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Is the exact cause behind the loss of touch with reality in the Stanford Prisoner Experiment known, and how far could that psychological process go?

Posted: 05 Jan 2017 09:25 AM PST

The results of it are obvious enough, but all I've been able to find is relatively surface-level stuff. People went into their roles, lost touch with reality, and temporarily completely changed their identity and personality. But what is the psychological process behind this phenomenon, and what does it relate to?

I was also thinking of other contexts and how weird of roles people could adjust to. The David Rosehan experiments where normal, healthy people were sent to a psychiatric hospital and told to act normal and the doctors failed to notice. If someone were to be in a modified situation, and for longer, then could they possibly develop symptoms of the mental illnesses they were treated like they had? Not just the confirmation bias the doctors were experiencing, actual positive and negative symptoms.

Could straight men temporarily become homosexual?

Going even farther, and stretching what is rational a little bit, could we even adapt to the "roles" of other species? Think of feral children, who were raised by animals and acted exactly like them. Of course, that was all they knew, so it's different, but I really don't see adults adapting to be too much of a stretch. Those in the Stanford Prisoner Experiment adapted in 36 hours and lost contact with reality.

Lastly, and this is just plain stupid, could we adapt to made-up roles? Fictional species and the like. Kind of like somataform disorders, made-up symptoms physically manifesting.

submitted by /u/Zephandrypus
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What causes the Congo River, the deepest river in the world, to be so deep?

Posted: 05 Jan 2017 08:53 AM PST

It's over 750 feet, how did it become so deep?

And why aren't other rivers so deep?

submitted by /u/Texas_Rangers
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Why does adding an iron core to a coil increase the flux density?

Posted: 05 Jan 2017 08:40 AM PST

So the current in the coil generates a magnetic field. Why does adding an iron core to the centre increase the flux density? I know it's something to do with the generated magnetic field reinforcing the domains that reinforce the field, and shrinking those that oppose it. But I don't exactly know what that means. What is a domain?

submitted by /u/RavernousPenguin
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Two quantum entangled particles, one enters a black hole, whats the effect on the entangled particles?

Posted: 05 Jan 2017 08:22 AM PST

How do scientists calculate the necessary fuel to shoot a rocket (with astronauts) into space?

Posted: 05 Jan 2017 09:17 AM PST

If you could go into detail about elucidating the force required, while also taking into account the fuel used to propel the object also has mass and will add weight!

submitted by /u/afburnham
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Could we produce a micro kugelblitz with the proper application of current laser tech?

Posted: 05 Jan 2017 09:48 AM PST

Black Holes, (as I understand) can exist in many different sizes. From the supermassive ones in galaxy centers, to micro black holes that are so tiny they exist with a mass of just over 22 micrograms. With our current (or near future) high power lasers, and perhaps some use of slow light mediums, would it be possible for us to create a micro kugelblitz?

submitted by /u/MrDowntempo
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How do we know for sure that ALL elements beyond Oganesson (Z=118) are radioactive?

Posted: 05 Jan 2017 04:40 AM PST

Hi,

I was reading about Oganesson, the element with the highest proton count yet synthesized. The article talked about the Island of Stability, possibly centered around Z=126. It further said that Z=184 and Z=196 are hypothesized to have closed neutron shells, which if true qouldmake them more stable.

My question is, is it possible that one day we will synthesize some Z=184 or Z=126 and it won't be incredibly unstable/radioactive? How do we know for sure that ALL elements past 92 are radioactive? What if we're just currently in a part of the table where all the elements are radioactive but as we synthesize more and heavier elements we move out of the "radioactive" area of the table?

Thanks.

Edit: not sure if this should be tagged chemistry or physics. I don't like the tags because every time I ask a question it seems to fit more than one tag. I'm choosing chemistry for now, mods change it if you want.

submitted by /u/Checkma7e
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What is the relationship between natural lifetime and bandwidth?

Posted: 05 Jan 2017 12:28 PM PST

As per title, What is the relationship between natural lifetime and bandwidth at given wavelength? (i.e. 694.3nm for Ruby laser)

submitted by /u/Archimedas
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Is entropy relative? Why are some configurations of matter inherently more disordered than others?

Posted: 05 Jan 2017 10:12 AM PST

Entropy is usually interpreted as a measure of 'disorder.' A common example is that a pile of sand has more entropy than a sand castle with the same number of sand grains - there are more arrangements of the sand such that it is a disordered pile than there are such that it is a sand castle. 'Disorder,' however, is a human concept. All piles of sand look similar to us, but are actually distinct in their arrangement of grains. Why is a sand castle inherently less disordered than a pile of sand?

submitted by /u/FrijjFiji
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How do allergies occur?

Posted: 05 Jan 2017 12:50 PM PST

What makes the human body allergic to certain things? Why would the body be allergic?

submitted by /u/devilcry147
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Thursday, January 5, 2017

AskScience AMA Series: I am Seth Shostak, senior astronomer at the SETI institute. Ask Me Anything!

AskScience AMA Series: I am Seth Shostak, senior astronomer at the SETI institute. Ask Me Anything!


AskScience AMA Series: I am Seth Shostak, senior astronomer at the SETI institute. Ask Me Anything!

Posted: 05 Jan 2017 05:00 AM PST

I'm Seth Shostak, Senior Astronomer at the SETI Institute, and I've bet anyone a cup of coffee that we'll find convincing proof that the aliens are out there within two decades.

I'm involved in the modern search for intelligent life in the cosmos. I have degrees in physics and astronomy, and has written four books and enough articles to impress my mom. I am also the host of the weekly radio program, "Big Picture Science."

Here is a recent article I wrote for NBC MACH Are Humans the Real Ancient Aliens?. Ask me anything!


Seth will be around from 12-2 PM ET (16-18 UT) to answer your questions.

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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What is the average distance between Trojan asteroids at Jupiter's L4 and L5?

Posted: 04 Jan 2017 11:24 PM PST

Just read NASA's press release about Lucy and Psyche, the former of which will explore six of Jupiter's Trojan asteroids. Got curious as to how densely packed these swarms of asteroids are at L4 and L5.

For the curious: https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-selects-two-missions-to-explore-the-early-solar-system/

submitted by /u/orbitalengineer
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How does a charged particle not lose all of its energy even though it constantly generates an electromagnetic field?

Posted: 04 Jan 2017 09:28 PM PST

If a charged particle creates an electromagnetic field, doesn't the information in that field have to be carried by photons to "sense" whether or not there exists another charged particle in the field? As far as I know, information can't be shared or transferred without using energy, and charged particles share information using photons.

However if all charged particles are constantly giving off photons to generate this field, how is it that they don't lose all their energy?

I'm sure there's something I'm missing, and I would really appreciate some clarity.

submitted by /u/absheckler
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Why do drugs that increase gaba levels prevent and treat anxiety and panic?

Posted: 05 Jan 2017 06:32 AM PST

Some anxiolytic medications work by increasing gaba levels, but why does increasing gaba levels prevent anxiety?

I know gaba is an inhibitory neurotransmitter but why does that lead to less anxiety? What parts of the brain become overactive in anxiety that get quelled with gaba medications?

submitted by /u/Five_Decades
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Is it possible to accidentally create a black hole in one of those particle accelerators? If so, how quickly would we be sucked into it if was stable?

Posted: 04 Jan 2017 07:09 PM PST

Could strong radio wave bursts be used for space ship propulsion?

Posted: 05 Jan 2017 03:48 AM PST

Why are wind turbines the height they are?

Posted: 05 Jan 2017 02:05 AM PST

So I understand the general purpose of wind turbines. Generate wind power for energy and electricity.

According to websites, the height of an industrial wind turbine is 212 ft. and the blade is 116 ft.

Why are they this specific height and length of the blade? Is this the ideal height and length, or is there more to it? Wouldn't you be able to generate more wind power if you increase the height of the tower and the blades by 30%?

What would be the downside if you increase the size of the wind turbines?

submitted by /u/maxxxl
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Is there a maximum "size" limit of the universe?

Posted: 05 Jan 2017 04:26 AM PST

If Neutron stars and Black Holes are incredibly dense then is there a maximum size vs mass of objects in the universe before they collapse?

submitted by /u/I_Zeig_I
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If I have sufficient upfront capital, can I turn a series of marginally negative expectation bets into a process with an overall positive expectation process by using my deep pockets to chase my losses?

Posted: 04 Jan 2017 12:04 PM PST

As far as I know, in roulette, you can bet on red or black. If you guess correctly, you double your money. The bet pays 1:1 but is negative expectation bet because the numbers in roulette are not 50% black and 50% red. Rather, there's one or two green (0 and 00) spots. Meaning that you're going to be right just under half the time and since you're only doubling your money when you win, the bet has a negative expectation.

Variance is obviously high, but on a long enough time line, you will go broke.

But let's say you had a huge starting capital. Like $2m. And you decided you wanted to live in the hotel above the casino and live like on $1,000 per day for the rest of your days. $2m will only get you that life for 5 years. Not sufficient. You're young.

You decide to try to start each day by going down to the roulette table and putting $1,000 on black.

If you win (~50% of the time), you're up 1k and you're done gambling for the day and you go about your life.

If you lose (~50%), you bet $2,000 on black. If you win, you're up 1k and you're done gambling for the day and you go about your life.

...

If you lose six times in a row (~2%), you bet $64,000. If you win, you're up 1k and you're done gambling for the day and you go about your life.

Obviously there will always be a non-zero that the wheel will come up red X times in a row and you will go broke. But what's X? What's the chance that you can live 80 years on this ridiculous gambit? Is there a way, with a huge capital and chasing losses, to take this fundamentally negative expectation bet and alchemy something that is most likely to turn a marginally profit?

Assume for this query that (a) you spend the full $1,000 every day no more or less and (b) there's no real-world issues of casinos refusing your patronage, maximum bet sizes, taxes, inflation, etc...

submitted by /u/kneeco28
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What makes opioids so addictive over other forms of painkillers?

Posted: 04 Jan 2017 02:02 PM PST

How are membrane proteins, e.g. receptors, ion channels, oriented in the correct direction? Has it ever been observed for them to be "upside down" and what might cause this if so?

Posted: 04 Jan 2017 12:51 PM PST

Was thinking about the N- and C- terminals of GPCRs and got to wondering how they actually get oriented so the ligand binding domain is faced to the outside and the portion that interacts with G proteins, arrestins etc is faced towards the cytosol.

submitted by /u/ONeill_Two_Ls
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Why does the far side of the moon have so few lunar maria?

Posted: 04 Jan 2017 12:31 PM PST

If the moon is differentiated, then why is there so much assymetry in the geological features in the two sides? Is the far side's crust somehow thicker?

submitted by /u/ApertureMesa
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[Astrophysics] Is an Elliptical Orbit with an equal pericenter Possible? (Picture Example)

Posted: 04 Jan 2017 02:01 PM PST

Did some preliminary googling (unsuccessfully), but am wondering if an orbit like this is possible Where "r1==r2", and so is "r3==r4" - and consequently, you have two identical Apoapsis, and two identical Periapsis.

Most orbits that I've seen in diagrams are either circular or elliptical with a different r1 and r2.

The context of this question is mainly about a large body, small body (Earth, Moon etc) orbit, but any extra discussion about achieving a similar orbit with spacecraft or binary orbits(?) is cool too.

Thanks in advance for any help with this.

submitted by /u/Drumsmasher17
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Why are horizontal stabilizers on planes made to generate "inverse lift" - in other words, push the tail down?

Posted: 04 Jan 2017 05:28 PM PST

For your typical plane, in normal level flight the wings create the positive lift and the horizontal stabilizers (tail surfaces) create negative lift. Why is it needed?

submitted by /u/SurfingDuude
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What are physicists' best ideas for solving the proton radius puzzle?

Posted: 04 Jan 2017 07:48 AM PST

When you measure the proton radius by firing electrons at it, you get a different value than if by firing muons. Currently, this is unexplained by the standard model and there is no widely accepted explanation as to why this should happen. Despite this, what believable interpretations have physicists postulated since?

submitted by /u/Dkondr
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Are there any Anglo groups still living tribally anywhere in the world today?

Posted: 04 Jan 2017 09:14 AM PST

Can a light intermittently blink on and off so quickly that we see it as always off?

Posted: 04 Jan 2017 07:42 AM PST

Wednesday, January 4, 2017

Why do freshwater fish tend to have dull colors while tropical fish tend to have bright colors?

Why do freshwater fish tend to have dull colors while tropical fish tend to have bright colors?


Why do freshwater fish tend to have dull colors while tropical fish tend to have bright colors?

Posted: 03 Jan 2017 05:06 PM PST

Is orbital energy lost through gravitational waves in all orbits, or only elliptical ortbits? Would a perfectly circular orbit create gravitational waves?

Posted: 04 Jan 2017 06:44 AM PST

The Coulomb force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance b/w charges. In the nucleus of an atom, with two protons next to each other, the repulsive force will be infinite as the distance between them would be 0. Is the 'Strong Force' responsible for holding them together, infinite?

Posted: 04 Jan 2017 12:36 AM PST

Despite the sun being nearly 100 million miles further away than the moon, I wouldn't be able to tell you which one is closer without already knowing. What is the maximum distance that variations in depth can be perceived at, and why?

Posted: 03 Jan 2017 07:51 PM PST

Ask Anything Wednesday - Economics, Political Science, Linguistics, Anthropology

Posted: 04 Jan 2017 07:05 AM PST

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Economics, Political Science, Linguistics, Anthropology

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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Why are FM radio frequencies always listed with odd decimals (.1, .3, .5 etc instead of .2, .4, .6)?

Posted: 03 Jan 2017 07:26 PM PST

Are forests and jungles growing more rapidly now that there is an increase of CO2 in the air?

Posted: 03 Jan 2017 05:22 PM PST

Why does water flow out in a twister when I drain the bathtub?

Posted: 03 Jan 2017 06:04 PM PST

Did early humans have any predators?

Posted: 03 Jan 2017 05:51 PM PST

Is it possible that emotions were developed from a consistent response to similar situations?

Posted: 04 Jan 2017 06:53 AM PST

I would think that emotions didn't always exist throughout life and had to be developed. Would being exposed to the same or similar scenario eventually lead to developing that emotion?

Examples:

Seeing a potential mate could lead to Love

Having food stolen could lead to Anger

submitted by /u/jrsooner
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What is the relationship between a photon's spin and polarization?

Posted: 03 Jan 2017 11:10 PM PST

I've been told that a photon's spin vector is ultimately measuring the same thing as the electric and magnetic ripples it creates but I can't figure out the mathematical relationship.

Spin is measured in units of angular momentum while electric and magnetic potential have their own units. Is there a simple equation that describes this relationship?

submitted by /u/chunkylubber54
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Since OCPs are designed to stop ovulation in fertile women - does this mean that women who take OCPs can get pregnant at more advanced ages?

Posted: 03 Jan 2017 04:09 PM PST

This may be a stupid question, but since OCPs are supposed to stop ovulation, and there are only a certain amount of eggs a woman carries at birth, does stopping ovulation for (let's say as an example) five years from age 20-25, give that woman 5 years of extra eggs compared to a woman who did not take OCPs?

Or do these eggs still get damaged during the time the woman is on birth control?

submitted by /u/NYCalifornian
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Did ancient peoples just have rampant oral disease (gingivitis, plaque, tartar, cavities) or was there a diet good for oral health?

Posted: 03 Jan 2017 02:52 PM PST

It doesn't make much sense to me that oral disease is so common we have to brush and floss our teeth with fluoride daily. I feel like something's wrong, probably our diet.

So is there a diet where you wouldn't get these common oral diseases? Or was there a technique ancient peoples used to clean their gums? Did they have floss?

If they did have terribly unhealthy mouths, why wasn't this naturally selected against either by disease or sexual selection?

submitted by /u/mwarg
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Why is there thunder and lightning during rainstorms, but not during snowstorms?

Posted: 03 Jan 2017 02:48 PM PST

Why does wire through a coil not short out and turn into one giant conductor?

Posted: 03 Jan 2017 08:21 PM PST

For example, in an electromagnet, the field all go through the core but why does electrons travel through the wire instead of all over since they are all touching and conducting?

submitted by /u/allnamesfckintaken
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If mass distorts space, can space tear? i.e., Does space have a distortion limit?

Posted: 03 Jan 2017 10:57 AM PST

What specifically stops viruses or bacteria such as the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome from being passed on through saliva? How does this differ from sexual fluid?

Posted: 03 Jan 2017 03:59 PM PST

I thought there is a direct connection between saliva and your bloodstream. Isn't that why taking medication per os, buccal or sublingual work?

submitted by /u/BiozBug
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Why does it take more delta V to hit the sun than it does to leave the solar system?

Posted: 03 Jan 2017 09:25 AM PST

There was a discussion on Reddit about disposing nuclear waste and someone mentioned it would be cheaper to have it leave the atmosphere than to crash it into the sun.

Basically people were saying that if you are already going at the orbital speed of Earth, it doesn't take that much extra to accelerate to the escape velocity of the solar system.

For some reason though, everyone was assuming that you would have to completely lose all of your orbital speed before falling into the sun.

Why can't you just subtract a bit of your orbital speed and put yourself in a decaying orbit? It seems to me that people are calculating the bare minimum to leave the Solar System and comparing it to the speedy way to get to the sun.

submitted by /u/nagurski03
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Are there any animals that get smaller as a normal part of their life cycle?

Posted: 03 Jan 2017 07:12 AM PST

It seems that at any given moment in a creatures life, it either grows bigger or has stopped growing. With the exception of insects that go through a metamorphosis, are there any animals that are known to "grow smaller" for whatever part of their life?

submitted by /u/grape_tectonics
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Why are people advised not to drink alcohol when taking antibiotics?

Posted: 03 Jan 2017 09:50 AM PST

Can the speed of particles in a plasma be modelled by a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution? What about a liquid? Is the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution only for gasses?

Posted: 03 Jan 2017 01:27 PM PST

How big does a sphere need to be for its surface to be considered "flat" from a human perspective?

Posted: 03 Jan 2017 02:23 PM PST

Apologies for bad English.

Let's say you get a ball. You obviously perceive it as a round object. But if you increase it's size and keep increasing it, eventually you won't realize it's round, just like people in ancient times (except the FLat Earth Society members of course) thought the Earth was flat. Is there a known size where this happens? If not, can you give a rough estimate? Thanks for the answers.

submitted by /u/RegularSpaceJoe
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