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Tuesday, January 3, 2017

Is there a reason all the planets orbit the sun in approximately the same plane and direction?

Is there a reason all the planets orbit the sun in approximately the same plane and direction?


Is there a reason all the planets orbit the sun in approximately the same plane and direction?

Posted: 03 Jan 2017 03:52 AM PST

Is it more energy efficient to leave the heater on low when nobody is home, or to heat it up from cold when you get back?

Posted: 03 Jan 2017 01:50 AM PST

So this morning as I was the first to walk back into my freezing office after the holiday, I was reminded of an argument I used to have with my roommate when I lived in a drafty old house in upstate New York. We would both leave the house for one to two weeks every Christmas, turning the thermostat down to something like 5C while we were away, and when we returned we would have to run the furnace full blast for about three days to get the house up to 22C again. I would always suggest that it would be better leave the thermostat on something in the middle while were gone, like 15C, but he thought it was a waste of energy. I argued that it took just as much energy to run the furnace continually for those three days when we returned than it did to maintain a modest temperature while we were away. In reality, I have no idea, but I just hated those three days of feeling cold.

Obviously, this depends on lots of factors, like how cold it is outside and how long we are gone. But in general, ignoring issues like pipes freezing, does it use more energy to maintain a moderate temperature for a long time and then heat it up for a short time, or to let something cool way down and then heat it up all the way?

submitted by /u/NerdWithoutACause
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To travel back in time wouldn't you need to increase the entropy of the entire universe at every point?

Posted: 03 Jan 2017 05:27 AM PST

And since info is lost in black holes and thus cannot be "rewound" to a prior state, doesn't that disprove the possibility of reverse time travel?

submitted by /u/eaglessoar
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If you lay or sit in a position that causes a limb to "go to sleep," would you then be able to amputate that limb painlessly?

Posted: 02 Jan 2017 11:57 AM PST

If Earth had a huge equatorial ocean like it did in the past, would it be possible we'd observe persistent hurricanes lasting months or even years, like a mini-version of Jupiter's great red spot?

Posted: 02 Jan 2017 01:24 PM PST

What about rocky planets larger than Earth or planets completely covered in ocean? Might permanent or semi-permanent weather-features exist there, or are such storms a rarity even among gas giants?

submitted by /u/Taman_Should
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Do engineers at CERN have to repair the Large Hadron Collider after every "explosion" that happens? [Physics]

Posted: 03 Jan 2017 02:20 AM PST

Tried googling it but a bunch of old 2012 articles came up focusing on the "black hole" thing. But, are the explosions large enough to cause that type of damage? I get that they're not "explosions" like a bomb, but they're still particles slamming into each other at nearly the speed of light, so I would imagine some thinking could be damaged.

submitted by /u/turtlecam_son
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How much of the world's air is trapped in bubble wrap?

Posted: 02 Jan 2017 07:28 PM PST

How do oxygen meters measure oxygen level externally through the thumb or index finger?

Posted: 02 Jan 2017 08:23 PM PST

I was recently in the hospital for a respiratory illness and the nurse measured my oxygen level with a thing that clipped to my index finger. How does it work? Does it have to do with pulse?

submitted by /u/potatopigs
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Why is there only one Hubble Ultra Deep Field image?

Posted: 02 Jan 2017 03:03 PM PST

You always see that same image floating around. The Hubble space telescope was pointed in one direction for 4 months or so, gathering a bunch of data before eventually generating that beautiful image of the distant galaxies. That image blows my mind every time. What makes it even crazier is that the field of vision of the telescope to generate that image was pointed at a super small portion of the sky (I've heard it described as being the same relative size as a tennis ball on the other side of a football field)

BASICALLY, my question: Why haven't astronomers taken more pictures in other directions in the sky, to generate even more incredible images of all sorts of different galaxies, stars, and colors? It seems like we cling on this single image like it's the only one we are able to generate.

submitted by /u/yenzy
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Why did we evolve the inability to eat raw meat safely?

Posted: 02 Jan 2017 04:24 PM PST

Assuming that we evolve beneficial traits over time and that our ancestors were likely able to eat raw meat. Why would we evolve to not be able to eat raw meat? Surely that's disadvantageous?

submitted by /u/TRFKTA
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Is the water at the bottom of the Mariana Trench just as salty as the water at the surface?

Posted: 02 Jan 2017 03:31 PM PST

Why no matter how bad a relationship was do our brains always focus on the good memories rather than the bad after a breakup?

Posted: 02 Jan 2017 08:30 PM PST

[physics] Why does the texture of icecream change when melted and refrozen?

Posted: 02 Jan 2017 09:44 PM PST

I was eating some sorbet (not icecream I know but the same thing happens to icecream), and I made the mistake of taking a post-sorbet nap without putting it back. It melted, I refroze it, and now i'm eating it again to find that the texture is no longer soft, it's like a frozen slushie now, full of hard icy flakes. Why is that?

submitted by /u/Danyerue
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How did early computers display characters in languages where the letters are more complicated than English-type (and languages that use the same characters)?

Posted: 02 Jan 2017 09:28 PM PST

Like with Japanese characters, was it difficult to fit all the little markings of each character? Even with English characters in very basic fonts, it seems like there is little wiggle room and that the characters had to be carefully designed (and yes I know the characters are not specific to English, I just don't know what to call it). Does anyone have any examples of how it was done it languages with more complex letters/characters?

submitted by /u/muzwim
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Why does the moon appear to tilt on its axis over the course of its transit across the sky each night?

Posted: 02 Jan 2017 09:23 PM PST

This is a question that has plagued me since I was a teenager and I could never find someone to answer or knew how to phrase it for an online search.

In the instance of a quarter moon for example, when I first see it it may appear to be standing up "vertically" like I could draw a straight line through the terminator and down to the horizon. Then a few hours later that same terminator might appear to be at an angle.

What's going on here? I know the moon isnt tilted. Is the shadow what's actually moving and not the moon itself?

Thanks!

submitted by /u/foxwox
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What is an estimate of the population that the earth could sustain?

Posted: 02 Jan 2017 01:47 PM PST

How do laboratories make chemicals?

Posted: 02 Jan 2017 07:24 PM PST

Not really sure how to explain what I mean, but here goes. How do scientists make chemicals and stuff themselves? For example, when a lab is working on developing a new painkiller, or their own version of a hormone or chemical naturally made in the human body, how do they make it? How do they make something with a specific chemical structure and composition? I hear about medications and chemicals being developed all the time, but I don't have any idea how the actual chemical gets created.

submitted by /u/mimib14
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Why do we produce so much mucus when we are sick?

Posted: 02 Jan 2017 02:12 PM PST

If mosquitoes can transmit Ebola and other viruses, can they also transit HIV?

Posted: 02 Jan 2017 04:04 PM PST

After the Big Bang the Universe cooled down and eventually formed planets, stars, etc. How is this not a decrease in entropy?

Posted: 02 Jan 2017 02:50 PM PST

Or is the entire universe considered an isolated system so there was a significant increase elsewhere?

submitted by /u/Ademptis
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Is raising bison better for the environment than raising cows?

Posted: 02 Jan 2017 11:02 AM PST

I've read from a few less-than-trustworthy sources that bison farming is more environmentally friendly than farming cows for beef. I've tried searching around online, but I haven't found any sources that really clear this up. What I want to know is:

  • Pound for pound, as the industry currently stands, is bison more environmentally friendly than beef?
  • If the US meat industry were to tone down its beef farming and increase production of bison meat, creating the need for larger bison farming enterprises, would bison still have an environmental advantage over beef?
  • Are fish and poultry more environmentally friendly than bison regardless?
submitted by /u/hrbuchanan
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Monday, January 2, 2017

Why do people with Alzheimer's not forget how to talk?

Why do people with Alzheimer's not forget how to talk?


Why do people with Alzheimer's not forget how to talk?

Posted: 01 Jan 2017 02:39 PM PST

More specifically words, grammar etc. not how to physically talk

submitted by /u/meemoooo
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How do we know quarks are real?

Posted: 01 Jan 2017 11:00 PM PST

Specifically, can someone explain to me what deep inelastic scattering is and how this establishes the existence of quarks? I kind of want to know how they set up the experiment and what exactly were they measuring?

submitted by /u/MoonReaper
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So how does the Fundamental Attribution Error, and the Social Information Processing Model coexist together in psychology?

Posted: 01 Jan 2017 07:43 PM PST

I am sure that whoever knows the answer to the question knows what these two entities are, but what I want to know is that how do they coexist. If the Social Information Processing Model relies on the behaviors of the individual based on past experiences, And the fundamental attribution error stipulates that the persons behavior can mostly be explained via external forces, and social psychologists stress (at least in the courses and material I have read) that people mostly behave certain ways based on external stimuli and not what happens inside of their head by their own. Isn't it possible for them to come to the decision to behave certain ways internally without the environmental forces social psychologists suggest are responsible for a person's behavior?

submitted by /u/baronobeefdip2
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We generally count in base 10, computers use base 2 and hexadecimal, is there some orderly relationship among the various constants of physics that suggests nature has a preferred "base"?

Posted: 01 Jan 2017 06:17 PM PST

Part of the motivation for this is the question "Are we living in a simulation?" If so, we might expect some indication of the physics engine's architecture to show up in our physics.

submitted by /u/frowawayduh
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If something is infinite, is it also necessarily exhaustive? Is the "infinite monkeys on typewriters will write Shakespeare" trope true?

Posted: 01 Jan 2017 01:54 PM PST

Not sure if I used the precise terminology ("exhaustive"), but the "an infinite number of monkeys typing on typewriters will eventually write Shakespeare" adage is a misrepresentation of infinity, correct? Like for instance, I could have an infinite set of numbers that never included the number 1234, right? It could just have 1233 and then expand into infinite numbers that start with 1233 without ever including 1234, and still meet the definition of "infinite", right?

I guess my question really is: does something have to include all possible outcomes to truly be "infinite"? Or can something have infinite outcomes but not all possible outcomes?

submitted by /u/beleca
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Leap seconds, why do they matter so much?

Posted: 01 Jan 2017 05:07 PM PST

If they need to perform a leap second something like every 30 years, why do we even need to do them? Surely the world won't be that much more different in environmental matters if we're a second out out. Like it'd take thousands of years to even notice a change in the time and the environmental time. We've only lived 200000 years as a species, a lot will change in that time.

submitted by /u/RemysBoyToy
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Do mosquitoes share blood with each other? Also, do they "steal" blood from other mosquitoes, like from a dead one for example?

Posted: 02 Jan 2017 06:53 AM PST

Why doesn't the water under the polar caps freeze, even though it is below the freezing point?

Posted: 02 Jan 2017 05:02 AM PST

There are of course more locations than the polar caps.I was wondering about this, since there are many bodies of water below freezing point that do not freeze.

submitted by /u/RobinGroen
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Will the earth eventually (long-time eventually) cool to be solid right down to it's core?

Posted: 02 Jan 2017 04:46 AM PST

If the heat "Q" in a closed system is positive, does that automatically mean temperature will increase?

Posted: 02 Jan 2017 07:37 AM PST

Or is it possible for the work to be negative and have no change in internal energy, so no change in temperature?

submitted by /u/sjrakes
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If you look at any crude oil assay, the sulfur content increases as you go from heavier fractions in crude oil (as in from LPG to fuel oil). What causes this?

Posted: 01 Jan 2017 01:30 PM PST

http://corporate.exxonmobil.com/en/company/worldwide-operations/crude-oils/assays

I've been looking around and the sulfur content always increases as you go from light ends to vacuum residue. Is there any phenomenon that explains this? Does something make it easier for sulfur to accumulate in heavier molecules?

submitted by /u/dungivewhut
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Is there any historical data that actually link a swarm of small earthquakes to a major quake? IE: is there anything that indicates that the current swarm in Bradley, California could possibly be anything other than the typical swarm that never precedes a major earthquake?

Posted: 02 Jan 2017 06:55 AM PST

One hears of quake swarms semi-regularly, today's CA/MX border cluster of 250 quakes under and around Brawley, California.

These swarms happen all the time, but the vast majority of them never precede a major quake so they seem to be a particularly poor indicator of imminent disaster.

Looking at, say, the 1,000 strongest quakes in recorded history. How many - if any - were preceded (within 72 hours) of a similar swam?

submitted by /u/IWishItWouldSnow
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How do orbiting telescopes track stars?

Posted: 02 Jan 2017 06:41 AM PST

I would imagine small jets to orient them but wouldn't that result in a very jerky movement?

submitted by /u/TriangleGodsDenyYou
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If breaking a chemical bond requires energy why is enthalpy of atomization a positive value?

Posted: 02 Jan 2017 06:37 AM PST

I understand that when a bond forms energy is released so wouldn't breaking one consume energy from its environment? How can splitting them also give energy? Besides, if we can have it both ways we would be able to get it for free!!(yay?)

submitted by /u/clumsywatch
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Is there a theoretical maximum number of stars that can stably co-exist in a single system?

Posted: 02 Jan 2017 02:42 AM PST

Over on /r/elitedangerous, someone discovered this star system: https://i.redd.it/y9t5kcs7577y.jpg - 15 main sequence stars, 5 brown dwarfs, and 3 black holes. Elite Dangerous uses procedural generation to fill in the star systems that we don't know about; I just wondered how likely systems chock full of stars like this would be?

submitted by /u/asteconn
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If I touch a metal and wood both in the same temperature, like 15° C, I "feel" the metal is colder than the wood. Does that mean I can touch very hot stuff like 150° C without feeling it's hot? Also, what physical properties affect the feeling of hotness and coldness of the materials?

Posted: 02 Jan 2017 06:12 AM PST

Can you tell someone's native language by looking at a scan of their brain? What about bilingual, trilingual, ect?

Posted: 02 Jan 2017 05:48 AM PST

With reports of the super volcano in Italy had begun to awake and "stir" what effects would an eruption of that size have on not only the immediate area, but also the world as a whole?

Posted: 02 Jan 2017 05:46 AM PST

How are memories formed and stored in the human brain? How does information go from "pattern of electrochemical activity" to "hard" storage?

Posted: 02 Jan 2017 05:35 AM PST

I've heard that memories are solidified during sleep: does this mean that information is sitting in "RAM", so to speak, until then? And is this why we get tired?

Are there specific structures that contain memories, or are they distributed throughout our neural net? A combination? Can we detect changes as memories are formed using an MRI or other instruments?

submitted by /u/ChironXII
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How is memory assigned in hardware?

Posted: 01 Jan 2017 02:27 PM PST

When I write a line of code in C like

int x = 5;

How is that value physically written into the computers memory?

submitted by /u/shadedDay
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Why don't humans have a mating season?

Posted: 01 Jan 2017 09:48 AM PST

Most mammals have a mating season. Why not humans (not that i'm complaining) ;) ? Was there any such thing at any point in human history.

submitted by /u/saul_paul
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Are there any materials that change state from a liquid to solid under heat?

Posted: 02 Jan 2017 03:30 AM PST

This may be a very noobish question but need this info for a YouTube video :) Thank you

submitted by /u/george_mason
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[Game Theory/Economics] How do open markets behave when no information is shared?

Posted: 01 Jan 2017 10:02 AM PST

In markets where information and date are highly sought after, especially to avoid information asymmetry and the free-riding issue, how would a very large number of agents act when no information about quality, details, origin of a product and agents is shared? Thanks!

submitted by /u/DiogenicOrder
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Can someone explain this "fast formed fossils" experiment to me?

Posted: 01 Jan 2017 10:00 PM PST

When I was in high school, we were taught everything through a young earth creationism lens, and one day they brought in some guy who supposedly demonstrated that fossils don't prove the earth is older than 6000 years because you can make a fossil overnight. He showed us what he claimed to be a fossilized teddy bear he had made. I don't know enough about fossilization because this was my science education, but I have to assume if this was really the smoking gun argument, we would have to rethink everything.

The guy who showed us this was a big Ken Ham fan, and Ken Ham's site is the only thing that comes up when you Google around for this stuff, and talks about this exact experiement (article here). I'm sure it's bullshit, but can anyone explain to me what's wrong here?

submitted by /u/Ashanmaril
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Sunday, January 1, 2017

If my voice sounds different to me than it does in a recording, then how am I able to accurately match my singing voice to the key of a song?

If my voice sounds different to me than it does in a recording, then how am I able to accurately match my singing voice to the key of a song?


If my voice sounds different to me than it does in a recording, then how am I able to accurately match my singing voice to the key of a song?

Posted: 31 Dec 2016 12:12 PM PST

If other people hear my voice differently than I do when I speak, shouldn't my singing sound out of key to them if it sounds in key to me?

submitted by /u/Torch_Salesman
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Do you hear a sonic boom every time your mach speed increases (i.e. accelerating from mach 2 to mach 3), or only as you reach mach 1?

Posted: 31 Dec 2016 10:55 AM PST

What's in the way of creating a natural-sounding voice that doesn't rely on pre-recorded words?

Posted: 31 Dec 2016 10:52 AM PST

In other words, when I get directions from a navigation device or the announcer on public transport there's usually either a pre-recorded message (e.g. "examplestreet") or a combination of an established set of words, such as "head" "right" "next" "turn", resulting in a rather jarred sentence.

I realized there's a lot to a voice and humans are great at noticing even the slightest mistakes, but considering how incredibly great we got at rendering facial expressions and the astonishing sound design in various media I couldn't yet figure out what's keeping us from creating such thing.

I also have no clue wether this is the correct flair, sorry.

submitted by /u/Seratio
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Is a quarter truly 50/50 chance?

Posted: 31 Dec 2016 04:30 PM PST

Where does the yellow river get its water from?

Posted: 31 Dec 2016 11:22 AM PST

The Yellow River is a huge river, with a significant discharge rate, and essentially its vast waters are what birthed Chinese civilisation, but I cannot figure out why it exists.

Its source is the Tibetan plateau, but the eastern and northern part of the plateau. The plateau is around 30-35 degrees north, which means it is in something of a rain shadow, but fortunately the monsoon comes up from the equator and saturates the plateau giving vast quantities of water to the Ganges, Indus and Brahmaputra rivers which gave rise to Indian civilisation. But, as we know from basic geography, rain falls on the windward side of mountains, that is, clouds come along, hit the mountains, rise, dump their water on the windward or "first" side of the mountains, and the leeward side gets nothing.

So, why, when the source of the Yellow river is so much farther north, after the monsoon would surely have given up all its rain, if indeed it even gets that far north (I don't think it does) and since west of the Tibetan plateau there is desert and lightly rained-on grassland, there's going to be no cloud coming in from the west to sprinkle the northern Tibetan plateau with rain... so where does all that vast amount of water come from?

I've tried my darndest to find a chart that maps the discharge at various points from source to mouth that might illuminate me, but I can't find any google search terms that find that for ANY river. Can anyone source me what I seek or answer this riddle?

submitted by /u/ara9ond
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Would it be possible to use an X-ray machine to find buried dinosaur bones?

Posted: 31 Dec 2016 12:09 PM PST

What's something that was incurable 10 years ago which is curable now?

Posted: 31 Dec 2016 09:16 AM PST

people actually like if their condition is incurable now, it's going to be that way for the rest of their life. How hopeless is it really? I know cancer has not been cured what about other things. Is there any decent chance that neuropathy will be cured soon? What has been cured in the last decade?

submitted by /u/Kris87688999990092
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What makes a disease curable or incurable? Additionally, it's my understanding that incurable diseases are just ones we haven't yet found a cure for. Is there such a thing as a disease that is truly impossible to cure?

Posted: 31 Dec 2016 11:01 AM PST

Why do ice cubes freeze together when in a glass of water? Isn't the ice melting, not re-freezing?

Posted: 31 Dec 2016 09:49 AM PST

What would happen if we built a giant smokestack that was tall enough to be in space, and started burning a bunch of stuff on the ground?

Posted: 31 Dec 2016 12:11 PM PST

Might be a silly question. Still curious just the same.

What would happen to the smoke/pollution if we started burning a bunch of stuff here on earth but had all of the nastiness float up through a giant smokestack some distance off into space? Would it dissipate or just hang out there, ready to poison us at some later date?

Thanks for any answers!

submitted by /u/Seldain
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Has there ever been a pair of contradicting unsolved maths problems?

Posted: 31 Dec 2016 08:46 AM PST

i.e. A pair of unsolved conjectures such that proving one of them would automatically disprove the other.

submitted by /u/ANiceSir
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Mauna Loa not erupted since 1984; Kilauea has been erupting since 1983. Is it just a coincidence?

Posted: 31 Dec 2016 10:54 AM PST

Going by Wiki article on Mauna Loa, it's currently in unusually long period of inactivity, while Kilauea is in unusually long period of activity. Are the two connected, or is that just a coincidence?

submitted by /u/methinks2015
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The TV show Drain the Ocean stated where they are underwater mountains the surface of the ocean bulges upward creating a mound that can be detected from satellites. How is this possible?

Posted: 31 Dec 2016 09:42 AM PST

Why doesn't water rise and compress the air in an upside-down cup lowered into water?

Posted: 31 Dec 2016 11:31 AM PST

I just put a cup upside down in a pool of water but every bit inside of it was dry afterwards. I thought the air would get heavily compressed by the water, but why doesn't it?

submitted by /u/Terklton
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Somebody please explain how sidewalks and roads crack?

Posted: 31 Dec 2016 10:15 AM PST

How effective would a stirling engine that is orbiting the sun be?

Posted: 31 Dec 2016 11:12 AM PST

I remember hearing somewhere that in space its super hot in the light of the sun and super cold in shadow. Is it reasonable that you could have a stirling engine orbiting the sun, with one plate casting a shadow on the second plate of the engine to produce a massive temperature difference between the two plates?

submitted by /u/kyzight
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