Pages

Sunday, December 11, 2016

How do S orbital nodes work?

How do S orbital nodes work?


How do S orbital nodes work?

Posted: 10 Dec 2016 09:33 PM PST

I was reading in my O Chem book and reached nodes. So for the 1s node, is it like a ballon where an electron can be inside or outside, just not on the surface? Or is it a solid sphere where electrons cannot be?

submitted by /u/fuzzyglory
[link] [comments]

When we say that a rotating gyroscope's axis is 'fixed', it is fixed relatively to what?

Posted: 11 Dec 2016 12:11 AM PST

Certainly not relative to Earth, as we can actually use gyroscopes to detect Earth's rotation. But does the gyroscope stay stable if we rotate the entire galaxy? What if we rotate the entire universe: will we, from inside the universe, observe the gyro rotating in opposite direction? The more I think about it, the more gyroscopes seem to violate the laws of relativity of frames of reference. Help!

submitted by /u/thetimujin
[link] [comments]

Would the hallmarks of metallic bonding (eg. electron delocalisation) still be present if, rather than a very large number metal atoms, there were only 2 or 3?

Posted: 11 Dec 2016 03:34 AM PST

Basically, I have been teaching somebody some basics in structure and bonding at a UK GCSE level. I have explained that each metal atom has 8 nearest neighbours and, due to to close proximity of metal atoms in a piece of metal, the orbitals of the atoms are forced to overlap and form many molecular orbitals, within which the electrons are free to move around. So follows conductivity etc etc.

My student asked if the case would be the same if there were only 2 metal atoms?

I feel like the answer should be yes, as the species would still be a metal, and must therefore exhibit metallic bonding, but wasn't convinced that only 2 atoms would comply with the 8 nearest neighbour, vast orbital overlap conditions.

Many thanks,

submitted by /u/gebuckle
[link] [comments]

If a star explodes because it ran out of fusion fuel how can it be that a new star can form out of the gas that the supernova leaves behind?

Posted: 10 Dec 2016 08:38 AM PST

Why are some materials opaque when viewed by themselves, but become more transparent when pressed against another material?

Posted: 10 Dec 2016 03:34 PM PST

I noticed this interesting bit of science at the post office today. Taking a piece of wax paper they had, I noticed that it was fairly opaque when held up in the air, but when i pressed it against something, such as the table, or my hand, it became almost entirely transparent. Why is this?

submitted by /u/untitled11235
[link] [comments]

What does cpu0 do during sleep mode?

Posted: 10 Dec 2016 03:44 PM PST

Watching the dmesg output of my computer when I out it to sleep I see the kernel sleep cpu1-cpu3, as well as other devices. What happens to cpu0?

submitted by /u/FatGecko5
[link] [comments]

Why are pneumonia shots only recommended for old people?

Posted: 10 Dec 2016 06:20 AM PST

I'm in my early 40s and I've had pneumonia a few times since the first time in high school. Pneumonia sucks, so I wanted to get a pneumonia shot, but it was very difficult to get because I'm not 65+.

Why is that? Is it just in perennially short supply, so they reserve it for the most needy? Is it less effective in younger people? Other?

(I eventually got one, so this isn't a request for medical advice)

submitted by /u/ShoelessHodor
[link] [comments]

What would a universe with 2 temporal dimensions be like?

Posted: 10 Dec 2016 07:26 AM PST

If light is a wave/particle duality, how can its' speed be a constant under all circumstances?

Posted: 10 Dec 2016 11:43 AM PST

Waves certainly depend on the density of the space they travel through to determine the speed (i.e. waves travel faster through solids than gasses).

Also, given its particle attributes, I assume it would most likely have similar properties to a neutrino, passing through matter unimpeded. Though, its speed must somehow be affected by its wave duality, right?

A secondary question; If it were discovered that the speed of light is not a constant, and thus contradicted the Laws of Special Relativity, what would be the impact on our current understanding of the laws of physics? Would that part of Special Relativity just be simply re-written? Or would the entire framework have to be recalculated?

submitted by /u/SuperFishy
[link] [comments]

Saturday, December 10, 2016

Why do we have two of certain organs while only one of certain others? What would an evolutionary reason to reject two hearts to one lung or one kidney to two livers for example be?

Why do we have two of certain organs while only one of certain others? What would an evolutionary reason to reject two hearts to one lung or one kidney to two livers for example be?


Why do we have two of certain organs while only one of certain others? What would an evolutionary reason to reject two hearts to one lung or one kidney to two livers for example be?

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 10:51 PM PST

If someone is above the clouds (ex: atop a mountain) is it still possible to be struck by lightning?

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 12:25 PM PST

Why isn't CO2 visible?

Posted: 10 Dec 2016 12:00 AM PST

I happened across a absorption spectrum of CO2 which included the very end of the visible spectrum. It seems to show CO2 absorbs light in the 630-700 nm wavelength, at least somewhat. I'm curious why, if CO2 seems to absorb some visible light, high concentrations of it are not visible as bluish/cyan gas (white light removing the deep reds). Is there something I am missing here?

What led me to this was an interest in replicating the sort of things shown here or here. These all seem to use mid wave IR and a narrow bandpass filter. I would imagine that if a narrow bandpass filter around 650 nm on a regular camera would let you see CO2, they would have done that instead. But I don't see why it wouldn't work.

EDIT: As Shookfoot notes below, the units on the graph are wavenumber, not nanometers wavelength. As such, the absorption isn't in the visible spectrum at all.

submitted by /u/hansn
[link] [comments]

Is a black hole hot or cold?

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 05:25 PM PST

Given that a black hole's singularity is an infinitely dense object (theoretically) is it infinitely hot? Or because it can redirect all energy towards itself would it be cold as it could not radiate energy?

submitted by /u/Spankmewithataco
[link] [comments]

With amber playing such an important role in the fossil record, I can't help wondering why big globs of resin were seemingly so abundant during ancient eras. Can someone explain?

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 11:15 AM PST

How can we estimate a quantifiable amount of mass to exist in the universe, and speculate the universe to be infinite simultaneously?

Posted: 10 Dec 2016 07:05 AM PST

When I Google "how much mass is in the universe", I get this answer:

Now, the size of the observable universe is about 14 billion light years, and using the above value of density gives you a mass (dark and luminous matter) of about 3 x 1055 g, which is roughly 25 billion galaxies the size of the Milky Way.

How can we say this, yet believe that the universe is infinite? Does an infinite universe not imply infinite matter & time & space also? Or am I thinking of this wrong- are these actually conflicting theories (an amount of mass versus infinite mass)?

submitted by /u/JOHANSENATOR
[link] [comments]

Can an atom be more stable in a molecule?

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 11:37 PM PST

Four highly unstable atomic elements Nihonium (Nh), Moscovium (Mc), Tennessine (Ts), and Oganesson (Og) with half-lives of seconds or smaller were just named, and there is already speculation on their molecular possibilities. Can bonds with neighboring atoms and electrons keep an atom from decaying as fast as it would alone?

submitted by /u/Drakonic
[link] [comments]

Can a planet have a non-rocky moon (i.e. gas)?

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 04:14 PM PST

Does the Sun ever get hotter or cooler at different times of the year?

Posted: 10 Dec 2016 07:27 AM PST

I know it get's hotter on Earth because of our orbit but does the sun actually change temperature

submitted by /u/bless_ure_harte
[link] [comments]

Is it possible to represent the exact instant the universe began using everyday time notation? ie "3:43:11 am on Wednesday, March the third, 7,772,874,665 BC"?

Posted: 10 Dec 2016 05:53 AM PST

What would happen if you mixed all the chemical elements in the Ask Science logo?

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 08:42 PM PST

What happens when a hypothetical black hole would exist that's so big that metric expansion becomes noticeable across it's diameter? Would this affect its Schwarzschild radius? It's temperature? Anything else?

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 06:31 PM PST

What causes degradation of vision in astronauts who are in space for longer than 6 months?

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 10:07 PM PST

I heard that some astronauts were coming back to Earth with impaired vision. Sometimes going from 20/20 vision to 20/100. I theorize that this is due to a lack of use in viewing/focusing on object details at distances greater than 2-3m. When going for a daily stroll you view objects that are anywhere from 25cm up to 3km away. Your eyes are constantly being stimulated to make massive fluctuations in viewing distance and focusing in on the detail. In outer space, I imagine that your eyes don't get too much practice in viewing objects further than maybe 10 feet away at any given time. This leaves a huge gap in exercising your eyes on anything with a distance greater than a few feet. You could say that looking at the Earth exercise enough; but because human eyes cannot interpret that distance and due to it being outside of the flexible range of the lens in the human eye. It shows the earth as a relatively flat surface and is unable to show the planet in much detail and still leaves out the viewing distances of greater than 3m but less than 250km To fix this, there would need to be a tool or method of exercising the eyes of astronauts on a daily basis to slow the decay of vision. I understand that MRI scans have shown that the eyes of astronauts are flatter with swollen optic nerves, but I believe this to be due to a lack of muscle use in the eyes.

submitted by /u/BlackWidowSpider
[link] [comments]

How much does the strength of rope increase by braiding?

Posted: 10 Dec 2016 01:50 AM PST

Also, is there a mathematical model that predicts this increase?

submitted by /u/oreo181
[link] [comments]

Can I use resonant frequency to crack ice?

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 05:02 PM PST

In other words, would an oscillating harmonic force be sufficient enough to crack and separate compact snow/ice on a metal pole or driveway?

Thanks!

submitted by /u/KTong94
[link] [comments]

How can you know when the Aurora Borealis will be be visible?

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 06:20 PM PST

I have a bucket list trip scheduled to Ivalo, Finland at the end of December to see the Northern Lights. Is there any way to know if they will be visible?

submitted by /u/amttaylor
[link] [comments]

What does actual economic research say about ways to achieve a high amount of sustained growth?

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 11:56 AM PST

Why is blue light the hardest colour of light to focus our eyes on?

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 09:25 AM PST

My robotics teacher mentioned that blue LEDs are used in keyboards and other indicator lights, as it's the hardest colour to focus on and we don't pay much attention to it.

Googling around has verified that blue is hard to focus on but I can't find any credible research talking about it or verifying it, so is it the hardest colour to focus on and if so, why?

https://www.reference.com/science/hardest-color-see-d53b847eb1eeff5e#

Is the most credible source I've found, but all of the links it references are dead.

submitted by /u/TestPostPleaseIgnore
[link] [comments]

How are tire treads designed?

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 05:46 PM PST

I learned about coefficients of friction in college but it can't be that simple, right? Does the tread pattern increase friction or is it more about redirecting water and dirt?

submitted by /u/Angrybagel
[link] [comments]

Does there exist a chart or diagram which visually shows that the faster an object moves in a spacial dimension, the slower it moves in the time dimension?

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 05:41 PM PST

Special and General Relativity say that as a massive object's velocity increases through a spacial dimension, its velocity through the time dimension decreases. I imagine that it would be fairly easy to chart the relationship on a graph, but I can't find one that does this.

I remember once seeing a demonstration that all objects always move at c through spacetime, but an object can only move at c through spacial dimensions if its velocity through time is zero (i.e. it has no mass). An object with mass always has some non-zero velocity through time, and so can never reach c in spacial dimensions. In other words, it was something like, "an object's total velocity (c) = the object's velocity in space + the object's velocity in time."

Could somebody link a graph explaining the relationship between an object's velocity in space and it's velocity in time, and how those two numbers are related to c? Or, if you're feeling particularly generous, could you make one yourself? I'm hoping for an animated graph, but i understand that that may be asking a lot.

Thanks very much!

submitted by /u/non-troll_account
[link] [comments]

Where do deepsea anglerfish get their bioluminescent bacteria?

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 11:45 AM PST

I learned that deepsea anglerfish commonly use bioluminescent bacteria to light up their lures. But where do the anglers get that bacteria from?

submitted by /u/xXHacknslasHXx
[link] [comments]

Why does drinking alcohol lead to drunkenness?

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 10:16 PM PST

Follow up question- Why does drunkenness lead to nausea?

submitted by /u/doublebassed
[link] [comments]

What's happening at the molecular level to cause the colour change during titration?

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 10:14 PM PST

Asking this due to the recent why is water blue question.

I do various titrations at work to ensure our process water is within spec. I will take our M-alkalinity test as the example since I've noticed a variation.

Normally, when I titrate with our M Indicator (60-100% Isopropanol/1-5% Methanol) it will start off blue when M-alk is present with the endpoint being orange. Now I've noticed when the water has higher than normal levels of free Cl2 the endpoint will be green-yellow.

The different colour for the endpoint has not affected the results. 250 ppm M-alk /w 0.13 ppm Free Cl2 & 250 ppm M-alk /w 2.18 ppm Free Cl2

Why do I see orange with low levels of free Cl2 and green-yellow with high levels of free Cl2?

submitted by /u/Ristake
[link] [comments]

Friday, December 9, 2016

Water is clear. Why is snow white?

Water is clear. Why is snow white?


Water is clear. Why is snow white?

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 03:33 AM PST

Does light have "Harmonic frequencies" like audio does?

Posted: 08 Dec 2016 08:36 PM PST

Does light have "Harmonic frequencies" in the same way audio has Harmonies?

submitted by /u/aRandomTask
[link] [comments]

Why do lasers have to be a single wavelength? Could you create the illusion of a white laser by combining the beams of a red, green, and a blue laser?

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 12:38 AM PST

Why does cold air hold less water than warmer air?

Posted: 08 Dec 2016 08:53 PM PST

I understand that in general more water vapor can be present in warmer air than in colder - I'm trying to understand how temperature factors into this. Is it because water is more likely to exist in a gas state when it's warmer or is it more a property of the air that allows it to hold more water vapor?

submitted by /u/rogue417
[link] [comments]

Can neutron star material halt gamma rays?

Posted: 08 Dec 2016 09:41 PM PST

I remember learning that paper can stop alpha particles, aluminum can stop bets particles, and not even a thick sheet of lead can stop gamma rays entirely. I was wondering if there is any substance which can stop gamma rays entirely, like maybe neutron star material since it's so dense?

submitted by /u/PinkyBlinky
[link] [comments]

On average, what percentage of the Earth is on fire?

Posted: 08 Dec 2016 01:26 PM PST

The recent wildfires got me thinking. Wildfires are BIG. I wouldn't guess this number to be too big, but if even 1% of my home were on fire, that'd be a huge deal.

submitted by /u/hsxp
[link] [comments]

Can the event horizon of an evaporating black hole shrink to reveal things that were once on the inside?

Posted: 08 Dec 2016 08:29 PM PST

[Biology] During the time of the dinosaurs, from what I've heard, the Earth was in a tropical state. Were there any polar ice caps at all? Were there colder-climate dinos?

Posted: 08 Dec 2016 05:02 PM PST

On a bicycle, why are higher gears larger in the front but smaller in the back?

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 01:27 AM PST

Is Rayleigh-Taylor Instability the main reason flames are turbulent?

Posted: 08 Dec 2016 07:25 PM PST

I'm a visual effects artist who does a lot of flame/smoke/explosion effects. As with all effects, I like to know what actually happens physically so that I can have a better knowledge on how to replicate the effect.

It's hard to find all information on the subject in one place, but what I've been able to piece together is that the licks of flames are created by a collision of hot air (fire) hitting cooler, more dense air (atmosphere). This then creates Rayleigh-Taylor instability, and therefore turbulence on the leading flame front.

If this is not accurate, what is the main cause of turbulence in flames, and why are flames not instead laminar flows? Thank you.

submitted by /u/PixelMagic
[link] [comments]

Is the cholesterol theory sound?

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 02:15 AM PST

Does statin use actually save lives? Are people with high cholesterol more likely to die from clogged arteries than people with low cholesterol? There is a community of cardiologists, other doctors and lay people who claim that the cholesterol-lowering approach to heart disease is at best a mistake, at worst a fraud and extremely harmful. They contend (pretty universally without much difference among their theses) that inflammation and/or sugar create endothelial tears. Blaming cholesterol for patching the lesions is like blaming a fireman for putting out a fire. They claim every cell can make cholesterol because it's so vital to life processes such as transporting vitamins and patching aforementioned holes. The most perplexing claim to me is how often I see these authors claim that there is no proof that high cholesterol is associated with or is a cause of heart disease mortality rates; that as many people with low cholesterol die of heart attacks as do those with high cholesterol. They claim that the statin culture is a fraud and a lie. I can't understand how so many smart medical people would fall for this lie, unless the pharmaceutical companies own the post-med-school physician education system. Is there good, repeatable, verified, peer-reviewed, robust science behind the cholesterol-lowering heart disease treatment? Side note: statins cause myopathy and diabetes; they attack muscles; they obliterate the cellular energy process (so statin users supplement with Co-Q-10). Personally and online I know hundreds of people whose lives statins have ruined. Statins are a multi-billion dollar industry. Motive, means and opportunity for committing a huge scam is definitely in place. But what about the science, are doctors depending on bogus big pharma statistics wrangling or is there really good science behind attempting to lower cholesterol. THANK YOU! Sources: Dr. Duane Graveline, NASA doc, physically disabled by statin use https://www.spacedoc.com/

The Great Cholesterol Myth: Why Lowering Your Cholesterol Won't Prevent Heart Disease by Jonny Bowden and Dr. Stephen Sinatra

The Truth About Statins: Risks and Alternatives to Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs by Dr. Barbara H. Roberts

Cholesterol is not the Culprit, by Dr. Fred Kummerow

Fat and Cholesterol Don't Cause Heart Attacks and Statins are Not The Solution by Paul J. Rosch MD (Author), Zoë Harcombe PhD (Author), Malcolm Kendrick MD (Author), & 18 more

I don't want to start an argument between believers and non believers.

I just want to know if the science behind the recommendation is good science and not manipulative statistical wrangling.

Several authors claim that Lipitor's success claims are based not on 100 people taking the drug and 50 fewer dying, but 2 people out of 100 reaching some definition of success, where without the drug the success rate was 1 out of a hundred, and then in a twist of numbers any 6th grader should recognize, claiming this is a 100% increase in successful treatment.

DOES THE MORTALITY rate improve with these drugs?

submitted by /u/dogrescuersometimes
[link] [comments]

How do you measure the Earth's core temperature?

Posted: 08 Dec 2016 04:40 PM PST

I was just wondering how we estimate the Earth's interior temperatures. Obviously we can't get that far, how'd we come up with exact numbers?

submitted by /u/PM_ME_YOUR_EDIBLES
[link] [comments]

Aluminium, copper, zinc coins + water + baking soda = a very nasty coating. Which metal reacted?

Posted: 08 Dec 2016 07:53 PM PST

I had several hundred one and five-yen coins in jar that, through condensation, got partly filled with water of the year. When I emptied the jar into the sink there was a kind of gunk surrounding the coins exposed to the water.

I tried soaking and washing in soap but they were still stuck together and gunky. Oh a whim, I through a 1/2 cup of baking soda in and when I rinsed that gunk turned into a hard white crust.

What happened?

According to online sources, the 1 yen coins are pure aluminium and the five yen coins are a mix of copper and zinc.

(Also, is there an easy way to clean that hard stuff off?)

submitted by /u/cteavin
[link] [comments]

The temperature at the south pole occasionally falls below -78.5C, the sublimation point of dry ice. When it gets this cold, why doesn't it 'snow' dry ice as it freezes out of the air?

Posted: 08 Dec 2016 06:33 AM PST

What are "cosmic rays"?

Posted: 08 Dec 2016 07:35 AM PST

I know space travel is hazardous to astronauts due to long term exposure to "cosmic rays".... but what are they? Are they part of the electro-magnetic spectrum, like gamma rays?

Also, I've read that they are difficult to shield against... but an insulating layer of water in a space ship's hull could provide protection... is that true? If so, why water and not another (less bulky) substance?

Edit: Thanks, r/askscience!

submitted by /u/Anticipator1234
[link] [comments]

Why do all burning things smell vaguely the same to us?

Posted: 08 Dec 2016 10:18 AM PST

I'm in a Starbucks and I smell something (<-- keyword) burning. Why do all burning things smell similar, and why are humans so good at identifying them?

submitted by /u/abootflock
[link] [comments]

What would the chemical properties of elements with g, h, i, k orbitals be? Do we also know or can we predict the chemical properties of elements in the Island of Stability?

Posted: 08 Dec 2016 09:33 AM PST

How much of an effect would my phone have on a plane if I didn't put it in airplane mode?[Engineering]

Posted: 08 Dec 2016 10:48 AM PST