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Monday, October 10, 2016

Is it possible to find the algorithm for a random number generator by studying the sequences it produces?

Is it possible to find the algorithm for a random number generator by studying the sequences it produces?


Is it possible to find the algorithm for a random number generator by studying the sequences it produces?

Posted: 10 Oct 2016 01:57 AM PDT

Why do raw eggs in their shell last longer than cooked eggs in their shell? What is it about the cooking process that makes the egg spoil quicker?

Posted: 09 Oct 2016 08:40 AM PDT

Since sound is a mechanical wave, is it harder to hear the higher you get in the atmosphere?

Posted: 09 Oct 2016 06:57 PM PDT

According to an article engineers have created a 1nm transistor, the article said they used molybdenum disulfide because it has "heavier electrons" that don't suffer quantum tunnelling, what do they actually mean? Surely electrons are electrons?

Posted: 10 Oct 2016 06:05 AM PDT

Here is the article http://hexus.net/tech/news/industry/97837-berkeley-lab-researchers-create-transistor-1-nm-gate/

and the paragraph in particular

Berkeley Labs refers to molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), commonly used as an engine lubricant, as its other key material. While electrons travelling through Silicon gates of under 5nm would be "out of control" due to a quantum mechanical phenomenon called tunnelling, the heavier electrons in molybdenum can be controlled with these smaller gate lengths. Furthermore MoS2 can be scaled down to atomically thin sheets, of about 0.65nm thick.

submitted by /u/rmcleod79
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When you completely cover one eye, why does the brain seem to shut it off? Why do you only see out of the other eye instead of a mix of both eyes as you would with something in front of one eye?

Posted: 09 Oct 2016 06:17 PM PDT

The Greenland shark's top speed is less than 3 km/h and they spend most of their lives blind, how do they survive?

Posted: 09 Oct 2016 08:00 PM PDT

How is redline on a car chosen? Why do some cars rev-up to 6k while others go to 9k before hitting redline?

Posted: 09 Oct 2016 04:44 PM PDT

Is atomic resonance a constant or does it depend on gravity/forces?

Posted: 09 Oct 2016 07:07 PM PDT

So, my cousin got a kinectic watch and we started discussing on how exact a watch (or any timekeeping device for that matter) could get. I mentioned how the atomic clock is the most accurate watch in existance blah blah, and that it counts the osciliation of cesium blah blah, but he mentioned that the resonance could change depending on the forces acting on it. Is it true, partially or not? (please note I am no physics expert, i'm still on middle school :p probably I wrote a thing or two wrong)

submitted by /u/GamerGab007
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How do ants deal with heavy rainfall and hurricanes in tropical regions? Do they somehow waterproof their colonies?

Posted: 09 Oct 2016 03:33 PM PDT

So this question sparked a debate between me and my parents while prepping for the arrival of Hurricane Matthew last week.

We have a modest population of fire ants in our backyard, and seeing as it's been raining nearly every day for the past couple months here in Florida, I figured the ground would already be saturated with water. Having heard about how ants join together to make ant rafts during floods, I suggested we buy ant traps as a last line of defense in case an ant raft floated our way.

The hurricane came and went, as did a torrent of water which temporarily submerged our backyard. The ants are already back in their regular location, and they're making repairs to their mounds on the surface. How bad might the destruction have been underground? Did the ants evacuate, or did they take shelter in their colony? Do their chambers flood and/or collapse? Any and all insights into these fascinating creatures is welcome.

submitted by /u/OmniscientTexan
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Does the consumption of artificial sweeteners, like aspartame, have any effect on how the enteric nervous system responds to future intake of real sugar?

Posted: 09 Oct 2016 07:13 PM PDT

Half life repeats every time the original sample is reduced by half. Does this work for 1/3 , 1/4 ratios as well? (Quarter-life etc)

Posted: 10 Oct 2016 01:58 AM PDT

How does the holographic principle make sense, if the universe actually has no boundaries?

Posted: 09 Oct 2016 12:00 PM PDT

As far as I understand it, watching this Leonard Susskind interview, the holographic principle states, that all information in the universe isn't proportional to the volume of the universe but to its boundaries. All information can be stored on its boundaries - just like all information of a black hole can be stored on its event horizon.

Okay. I kind of get the black hole thing. But if the universe has no boundaries (the ant on the ballon and all) how does this even make sense?

Does it have boundaries the human brain is just incapable of imagining? I'm completely lost putting these two ideas together.

submitted by /u/JonOstermann
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Is the graviton believed to exist or is it purely hypothetical?

Posted: 09 Oct 2016 08:16 AM PDT

I only ask because my Physics teacher often talks about it as if it is the force carrier of gravity when from my understanding there is no evidence of its existence.

submitted by /u/iCaird
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Does indium attack aluminium in the same way that gallium does?

Posted: 09 Oct 2016 08:20 AM PDT

This, of course, is assuming that you can somehow keep it molten for long enough.

submitted by /u/MuzikBike
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How it's called the study of electromagnetic radiation? Are there any scientists that study electromagnetic radiation in general?

Posted: 09 Oct 2016 08:00 PM PDT

Why are oxidized compounds typically in a lower energy state?

Posted: 09 Oct 2016 02:01 PM PDT

When methane is oxidized into co2, it releases a large amount of heat. This implies that the total heat of formation of co2 and water is significantly lower than that of methane. Why is this the case?

submitted by /u/PittleBoLeep
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Do supposedly silent letters have any effect on pronunciation?

Posted: 09 Oct 2016 04:10 PM PDT

I've noticed that when I say "night" and "knight", in saying the latter it's almost like I feel that 'k' there. Like not pronouncing it but I know it's there. I've noticed similar in other silent letters. Is there any actual measurable slight difference in words with silent letters like that, or is it all in my head?

submitted by /u/alfrednachos
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What are some examples where scientific knowledge/innovation was influenced by traditional healing methods?

Posted: 09 Oct 2016 12:09 PM PDT

To clarify, I'm asking for examples where some new scientific innovation was brought about by studying tribal (traditional) healing practices. I know that they have been using specific plants, drink, food, etc as a form of healing that is passed down each generation. So has any form of drug or innovation been discovered by studying these practices?

submitted by /u/Thomas_Pickles
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Sunday, October 9, 2016

If you watch a gif of a coin flipping (without ever seeing it) to make a decision, is it still a 50/50 chance, even though the video already predetermines what side the coin will flip onto?

If you watch a gif of a coin flipping (without ever seeing it) to make a decision, is it still a 50/50 chance, even though the video already predetermines what side the coin will flip onto?


If you watch a gif of a coin flipping (without ever seeing it) to make a decision, is it still a 50/50 chance, even though the video already predetermines what side the coin will flip onto?

Posted: 08 Oct 2016 12:23 PM PDT

Were the supermassive blackholes at the center of galaxies supermassive stars at one point?

Posted: 08 Oct 2016 02:20 PM PDT

As bananas emit small amounts of gamma radiation, would it be theoretically possible to get radiation sickness/poisoning in a room completely full of them?

Posted: 09 Oct 2016 05:35 AM PDT

Can any of Maxwell's equations be deduced from the others?

Posted: 09 Oct 2016 05:33 AM PDT

I've gotten my head around Maxwell's equation but I'm still unsure about whether the magnetic and electric field are by nature two different things. Can any of Maxwell's equations be deduced from the others? Or are they all rooted in empirical observation?

submitted by /u/ohmtastic
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Why do opposite charges attract and like charges repel?

Posted: 09 Oct 2016 12:58 AM PDT

And by opposite charges, I mean electrons and protons, or the North/South pole of a magnet. Is this phenomenon simply a property of matter, or is there an underlying reason as to why this is?

submitted by /u/Fruit-Dealer
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What differentiates simple and complex covalent compounds?

Posted: 09 Oct 2016 05:06 AM PDT

I.e. why is CO2 a weak covalent compound but diamond a strong one?

submitted by /u/Thecactusslayer
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Why are the northern lights so bright right now?

Posted: 09 Oct 2016 04:16 AM PDT

I remember reading a while ago that the lights would be especially bright. Is it something to do with our atmosphere or is the sun unusually strong at the present time?

submitted by /u/HaxorSlice1
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How can we know the Sun's surface temperature when the Sun's corona around it is hundreds of times hotter?

Posted: 09 Oct 2016 07:48 AM PDT

I read today about the fact that the Sun's corona is hundreds of times hotter than the photosphere (surface) of the Sun. The photosphere measures around 6000 K, goes over 20,000 K in the chromosphere and way over 1 million K in the Sun's corona.

As I was glad to learn something new, my little science brain started thinking about how we can possibly measure 'lower' temperatures that's surrounded by such extreme high temperatures?

The problem I'm visualizing, is like measuring the heat of a warm coffeecup that is hidden behind a larger, hotter campfire (or something hotter). Maybe a bad analogy, but I'm curious about the temperature measurement techniques used if it's explainable in ELI5 format :)

submitted by /u/gunnar_osk
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Why do we need to continually consume protein?

Posted: 08 Oct 2016 10:25 PM PDT

Isn't protein used to build molecular structures using the amino acids? Why don't our bodies just recycle the ones we have if we aren't growing or trying to bulk up?

submitted by /u/DippyTheDinosaur
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Excluding environmental factors, what determines the life expectancy for a species?

Posted: 08 Oct 2016 07:57 PM PDT

How do lysosomes in phagocytes know only to attach to *food vacuoles*, and not simply affix themselves to the interior of the cell and eat that?

Posted: 08 Oct 2016 03:11 PM PDT

I assume the new vacuole is created with a phospholipid bilayer analogous (if not identical) to the cell membrane that was just used to eat whatever was engulfed. Is it simply the hydrophobic nature of the outside of the vacuole that draws the lysosome over like some sexy hooker and is like "hey stud. you look like you're pretty hungry. why don't you come over here and take a bite outta this ass?"

^ (pretty sure that's how it happens scientifically.)

submitted by /u/Ungodlydemon
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How are routers capable of handling multiple devices at once on the same wifi network? Wouldn't there be some kind interference between all of the devices?

Posted: 08 Oct 2016 11:50 AM PDT

Have/Will Mercury and Venus ever transit the Sun at the same time?

Posted: 08 Oct 2016 06:30 PM PDT

It would be pretty cool to see...

submitted by /u/DerposaurPlays
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When packet loss occurs, are the packets truly being "lost", or are they simply fading into the background? (Computing)

Posted: 08 Oct 2016 09:09 AM PDT

My father and I are having a discussion about packet loss in computers. We're essentially arguing about semantics.

When packet loss occurs (assuming no mal-intent by others), is the packet not arriving at it's destination, or is it arriving but at such a low signal that the receiver cannot distinguish it from noise?

submitted by /u/Iced_Bacon
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Does a polyhistidine tag alter the folded structure of proteins?

Posted: 08 Oct 2016 03:11 PM PDT

From what I understand, the function of a protein generally relies on its folded structure. It seems like adding a poly-His tag is a common way of separating out a synthesized protein from the rest of the natural proteins, after which the poly-His is cut off enzymatically. Do most proteins have only one stable folding pattern, which they fall into when the tag is cut, or is it often the case that the resulting protein is now misfolded? If so, is there some way of ensuring the folded structure is actually the same as the normal folded structure? Is there a collection of proteins for which the poly-His approach does not work, because the tag alters the shape of the protein?

The question really comes from a fundamental question about proteins: do most proteins have a single, stable structure (in water, at physiological pH), or are there frequently multiple stable structures? Techniques like poly-His tags seem to suggest that it is the former, while discussions of protein function (eg prions, bohr effect in hemoglobin) seem to rely on the latter.

submitted by /u/hansn
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Saturday, October 8, 2016

Should the presence of a heart stent affect the way CPR is performed?

Should the presence of a heart stent affect the way CPR is performed?


Should the presence of a heart stent affect the way CPR is performed?

Posted: 07 Oct 2016 09:17 PM PDT

Should the presence of a heart stent (ie Contegra Heterograft) affect the way CPR is performed? If so, how and why? Are there any risks/negative consequences of performing standard CPR on someone with a heart stent?

submitted by /u/IlvaPie
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If you take a DNA sample from a newborn, would it match a DNA sample from when the same person is 80?

Posted: 07 Oct 2016 05:44 PM PDT

Lightning produces ozone. Many ionizing air purifiers also produce ozone. Does an electric current exposed to air always produce ozone?

Posted: 07 Oct 2016 07:56 PM PDT

Does this mean that those open coil electric heaters are bad for people with asthma? How do ionizing air purifiers generate ions?

submitted by /u/mistatroll
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What is the difference between axial tilt and axial precession?

Posted: 08 Oct 2016 03:22 AM PDT

In relation to the Earth.

submitted by /u/thatfridayshow
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If a huge and dense enough amount of coherent light was emitted, would it create a black hole traveling at the speed of light?

Posted: 08 Oct 2016 02:46 AM PDT

Would the event horizon only cover the leading edge, not the trailing edge?

submitted by /u/AbruptlyPuffing
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How did scientists discover the maximum G-limits of humans?

Posted: 07 Oct 2016 09:11 PM PDT

Did they just keep testing humans or animals to figure out the limits?

submitted by /u/bbbook
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Why does cellular regeneration degrade as an organism ages?

Posted: 08 Oct 2016 05:18 AM PDT

Bonus question:

Why do cold-blooded creatures tend to have longer lifespans than warm-blooded creatures?

submitted by /u/Therandomfox
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Does the use of female birth control alter when women go through menopause?

Posted: 08 Oct 2016 07:41 AM PDT

Traditional female birth control "the pill" works by not releasing an egg correct? And women have a fixed number of eggs that are released before they go through menopause so does long periods of time on birth control delay the onset of menopause? Feel free to correct any mistakes I've made here.

submitted by /u/Swag__Lord69
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If factoring numbers with ~1000 digits is so difficult that it is used in encryption, how do we know of primes with many millions of digits?

Posted: 07 Oct 2016 12:15 PM PDT

I know that certain cryptographic systems use large prime factorizations as their encryption method because it takes a long time to factor large numbers, and using numbers with 1000+ digits produces an encryption that is nigh-unbreakable with current technology.

So how is it that the largest known prime has over 20 million digits and we know of many prime numbers with millions of digits, if factoring numbers is so difficult?

submitted by /u/lucien15937
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Why does wet rubber squeak when rubbed?

Posted: 08 Oct 2016 02:34 AM PDT

Normally when rubber is dry it does not make much sound rubbing on the ground, but when it gets wet it can cause a high pitch squeak when making contact with, say, the ground.

submitted by /u/The_Fronz
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How do calculators evaluate the zeroes of polynomials? Does it depend on the nature of the polynomial?

Posted: 08 Oct 2016 06:00 AM PDT

Hello,

I'm curious to know how my calculator (it's a Casio) calculates the roots to polynomials. I would guess for quadratics, it uses the formula, and probably for cubics and quartics. But above that, there are no general formulas, so it has to use approximate methods somehow.

What approximate methods do calculators use for root-finding of polynomials, and what degree of polynomials do they use them for? (Would a 4th degree polynomial be evaluated with an approximate method, or the monstruous formula?)

Thanks!

submitted by /u/tsterTV
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If we find life on Mars, how will we know it didn't come from tiny organisms on any of the rovers?

Posted: 07 Oct 2016 11:58 PM PDT

Is the role of pressure vs. concentration gradient for gas solutions the same as it is for liquid solutions?

Posted: 08 Oct 2016 05:50 AM PDT

Let's say you have two equal volume, equal temperature chambers separated by a semipermeable membrane:

In the left chamber there is pure oxygen at 2 atmospheres of pressure.

In the right there is pure nitrogen at 1 atmosphere of pressure.

The membrane is only permeable to nitrogen. What happens?

Is it similar to the usual osmotic pressure teaching example? Does the nitrogen diffuse into the left chamber increasing the pressure gradient until it counteracts the diffusion gradient?

submitted by /u/gmieom
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Why does my face turn red during strenuous activity instead of the body part(s) I'm using?

Posted: 08 Oct 2016 02:02 AM PDT

If I'm lifting something heavy, to me it would make more sense that blood rushes to my arms instead of my face

submitted by /u/Alcaeus89
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How does Asymetric Encryption actually work?

Posted: 08 Oct 2016 05:30 AM PDT

Hello Reddit,

I learned about encryption using asymetric keys a few years ago, but never truly understood it. I get that (for example) I have a public key and a private key and then you also have your own public key and private key; that if we swap public keys that I can encrypt a message using your public key that you can decrypt with your private key; but in the end, it all still seems like a magical black box.

What would this look like in the real world? Are there any more "tangible" examples not in cyberspace??

Thanks!

submitted by /u/SandShepherd
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Does a massless particle traveling through a medium experience the passage of time?

Posted: 08 Oct 2016 01:14 AM PDT

For example, if a photon is slowed traveling through a medium it is moving slower than C. So would it experience time?

submitted by /u/tkiens
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How do modern game clients allow you to play a game before its finished downloading?

Posted: 08 Oct 2016 01:10 AM PDT

Recently, Origin (EA) and Uplay (Ubisoft) have gotten a new feature. Whenever you download a game, you can play it whilst it is downloading, as soon as it gets past a certain percentage downloaded. For example, I was downloading a racing game called "The Crew" and I could play the game as soon as 10% of it had downloaded, without installing anything, and the quality seemed just fine. How does this work? It is blowing my mind.

submitted by /u/Urnquei
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If HIV was wiped out could it ever come back again?

Posted: 08 Oct 2016 04:28 AM PDT

Imagine if everyone today that was HIV positive didn't spread it to anyone else, when they eventually all died and there was no longer anyone on the planet that had the virus is there any way it could reappear in humans again?

submitted by /u/geoffs3310
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Do we know where the matter that created the sun came from? Is our solar system the rebirth of a previous star, or one of the original stars from the Big bang?

Posted: 07 Oct 2016 01:04 PM PDT

Or are there other ways for stars to originate that I'm not aware of.

submitted by /u/TacosArePeopleToo
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What are some strange things that happen under EXTREME magnetic fields?

Posted: 07 Oct 2016 09:48 AM PDT

I was reading about the magnetar SGR 1806-20, which has a magnetic field of 1015 Gauss (1011 Tesla in intensity) .

The article said that if this magnetar were as close as the moon to Earth, it could re-arrange the molecules in your body. What are some other wacky quantum and macroscopic things that happen under these most powerful magnetic fields in the universe? What could happen under even greater strength fields?

submitted by /u/iadd
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Can radar be used to track small moving objects like basketballs?

Posted: 08 Oct 2016 12:39 AM PDT

Another person asked a similar question in the context of tracking bullets.

But what if you only wanted to track small moving objects, like a ball or a person, within a 1000 foot radius? Is that possible with radar? If not, could you explain why? If yes, would the radar device need to be large, or could it be made into a handheld device?

Radar is very cool, and reading the question prompted deeper questions. :)

Thanks so much!

submitted by /u/panabee
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A planet sized ball of water - what would happen?

Posted: 07 Oct 2016 01:54 PM PDT

Say you had a planet sized ball of water entering the solar system from interstellar space to take up an orbit between Mars and Earth. Something approximately double the size of Earth, and all it was made of was pure H2O. No impurities, no residual trace elements, literally nothing else. What would happen?

Would it be frozen just on the outside, or all the way down to it's "core"? Would the core experience fusion? Would the outer layer be frozen solid, and then there be a liquid inner layer, and then finally a solid inner layer because of pressure? What would happen?

Any thoughts would be greatly appreciated.

Thank you.

submitted by /u/VertigoOne
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In most pictures of planets why are there no stars in the background?

Posted: 08 Oct 2016 03:33 AM PDT

https://i.imgur.com/biVkvOX.jpg
http://i.imgur.com/v89fj5P.jpg
https://c1.staticflickr.com/9/8556/30055660701_c1c725cdba_o.png
http://i.imgur.com/9dfK0pK.jpg

In all of these pictures you cannot see stars around the planets. Why? The last picture, of the moon, especially confuses me. From earths surface we can see stars in the sky - why is that different from the moon's surface?

submitted by /u/K0bb
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