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Wednesday, September 21, 2016

Discussion: MinuteEarth's newest YouTube video on brain mapping!

Discussion: MinuteEarth's newest YouTube video on brain mapping!


Discussion: MinuteEarth's newest YouTube video on brain mapping!

Posted: 20 Sep 2016 09:44 AM PDT

Hi everyone, our askscience video discussions have been hits so far, so let's have another round! Today's topic is MinuteEarth's new video on mapping the brain with brain lesions and fMRI.

We also have a few special guests. David from MinuteEarth (/u/goldenbergdavid) will be around if you have any specific questions for him, as well as Professor Aron K. Barbey (/u/aron_barbey), the director of the Decision Neuroscience Laboratory at the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois.

Our panelists are also available to take questions as well. In particular, /u/cortex0 is a neuroscientist who can answer questions on fMRI and neuroimaging, /u/albasri is a cognitive scientist!

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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How long will two 12v batteries heat a small room for?

Posted: 21 Sep 2016 06:16 AM PDT

I would like to set up a bike with a car alternator, put two 12v batteries in parallel, get an inverter and plug a low power heater into it to say, keep my (small)room temperature 22 Celsius in winter. How long would i have to cycle for to charge them?, to heat my room for how many hours? basically is it worth doing, or would i be exhausted for little result?

submitted by /u/joe2000000
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[Astronomy] Why is a parsec defined as 3.13 light years instead of a more rounded number?

Posted: 20 Sep 2016 09:07 AM PDT

If the first law of thermodynamics states energy can't be created or destroyed in the Universe, how do we explain the Big Rip hypothesis? Where will all that energy go?

Posted: 20 Sep 2016 07:53 AM PDT

Why are planets spherical? Are there any that aren't?

Posted: 20 Sep 2016 07:53 AM PDT

It may not be a perfect sphere, but it seems like most (maybe all?) planets are relatively spherical. Why?

submitted by /u/Reign_Wilson
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Why does yellow against white appear to contrast so little compared to other colours against white when at equal intensities?

Posted: 20 Sep 2016 05:29 AM PDT

I just saw this gif https://imgur.com/gallery/rm2PF35, and was curious why yellow always seems to appear so faint against a white background.

submitted by /u/asteconn
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Theoretically what would be the result of millions of atoms in a very small density all losing electrons simultaneously?

Posted: 21 Sep 2016 12:43 AM PDT

The title may be confusing, and I didn't know how to properly word it, so I'll provide an example.

I'm writing a novel in which, "magic" wielders essentially steal the electrons from an atom and transmute them to other forms of energy (Obviously not 100% scientifically plausible, hence "magic.") My question then being, what would be the consequences of a scenario where one of these "wizards" stole too many electrons in a very small area (~1 cubic cm of air)? If this isn't even close to a plausible scenario where one could produce energy, how would one go about harvesting electrical energy from positively charged ions "magically," and what would the consequences of such an action entail?

I know it's a wonky question, but I'm trying to create a somewhat physical interpretation of magic.

submitted by /u/Kixenos
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What would happen if a Volcano formed underneath a huge oil/gas field and erupted?

Posted: 21 Sep 2016 08:01 AM PDT

Why does boron tri-fluoride not form dative covalent bonds?

Posted: 20 Sep 2016 08:34 AM PDT

We draw boron tri-fluoride like this but why does one of the fluoride not form a dative bond in favor of the boron?

submitted by /u/RedditUserNumberTwo
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Ask Anything Wednesday - Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science

Posted: 21 Sep 2016 08:04 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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What is the biological mechanism behind sensory adaptation?

Posted: 20 Sep 2016 07:25 AM PDT

My question is specifically geared toward visual adaptation, which occurs in the rare case of opthalmoplegia, leading to a loss of vision. Why is it, that lack of saccadic eye movements lead to a loss of vision? What is the biological mechanism behind such loss? Is it at all related to the outflow of chloride ions without repolarization?

submitted by /u/such_karma
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Are there any animals that are similar looking, or even the same, that have evolved separately and only have a very distant ancestor in common?

Posted: 20 Sep 2016 04:15 AM PDT

Alternative question if that isn't clear: Is it possible, or has it already happened, for two animals to have evolved completely separately in different places with only a very distant common ancestor? I understand that everything has a common ancestor eventually, but I would be interested to know if say we went as distant as the common ancestor between a human and an alligator - could two creatures with seemingly no evolution in common evolve to the same point?

submitted by /u/FrodBad
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Can sound travel around corners?

Posted: 20 Sep 2016 06:02 PM PDT

Say I am standing around a corner from someone, next to a solid sound proof brick wall and there is nothing else around for miles.

If I say something will the sound travel around the corner and be heard by the other person or will they not be able to hear me as there is nothing around to bounce the sound off?

submitted by /u/samohtvii
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In NDT's Inexplicable Universe, he says that quarks are bonded together such that the pull gets stronger as they get farther apart. As a consequence, inputting enough energy to separate them instantaneously creates a new partner for each quark. How do we know this? Have we tried it?

Posted: 20 Sep 2016 11:56 AM PDT

Are there any multicellular organisms that make unusual use of trace elements?

Posted: 20 Sep 2016 09:30 AM PDT

By "unusual use" I mean atypical usage in cellular structures, metabolism, enzymes, or metalloproteins. I know there are all sorts bacteria that do strange things like Uranium reduction, but I'm more interested in instances of unusual usage in multicellular organisms.

submitted by /u/MapsAreCool
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Do we have any predictive power to find out every molecule that will activate a certain receptor? As in all work done by a computer or on paper without any experimentation?

Posted: 20 Sep 2016 01:41 PM PDT

Do we have any methods for finding such things out or delineating the reasons they all activate the receptor from a chemistry standpoint?

submitted by /u/pissface69
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What is a Tachyon?

Posted: 20 Sep 2016 05:03 PM PDT

What exactly is this particle?

submitted by /u/PolygonManX
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Is it common for other animals to have their closest biological relative be as distant as chimpanzees are from humans?

Posted: 20 Sep 2016 10:29 AM PDT

Chimpanzees are the closer to humans than any other extant species in terms of shared DNA and where they would fall on a taxonomy chart. But just looking at the two species, they seem to be very, very different. Is the biological distance between humans and chimpanzees as wide as it seems when compared to the distances between other animals and their "relatives"? Are humans and chimpanzees actually really close, and it's just bias because I'm one of them? Or is this distance par for the course, and all the animals that look similar are in fact as different as humans are from chimpanzees?

submitted by /u/klawehtgod
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Artificial sun by throwing fusion bomb in hydrogen cloud?

Posted: 21 Sep 2016 12:45 AM PDT

Hi i was just thinking about random things and I was wondering if we could create a "artificial" sun by throwing a hydrogen bomb in a hydrogen cloud? Are these clouds dense enough or would the bomb just push it all away? And if it was dense enough it would probably form a sun itself(?)

(I know that it's impossible for us right now because of the distance but it's only theoretical)

submitted by /u/Morkalan
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Are dominant alleles always advantageous or can there be a dominant allele that is deleterious?

Posted: 20 Sep 2016 10:18 AM PDT

Do ear infections temporarily change the frequency response of the ear?

Posted: 20 Sep 2016 01:52 PM PDT

Tuesday, September 20, 2016

Why are Au-Pt cubes used to detect gravitational waves in the LISA Pathfinder mission as opposed to other elements?

Why are Au-Pt cubes used to detect gravitational waves in the LISA Pathfinder mission as opposed to other elements?


Why are Au-Pt cubes used to detect gravitational waves in the LISA Pathfinder mission as opposed to other elements?

Posted: 20 Sep 2016 05:35 AM PDT

In view of recent reports of thylacines possibly being caught on tape in Southern Victoria, what kind of follow up would normally be carried out to authenticate such potential sightings.

Posted: 19 Sep 2016 03:38 PM PDT

And any relevant comments on the hypothetical possibility that thylacines might perhaps not yet be extinct, what would come next should their actual existance be confirmed, and other related subjects are welcome of course.

see: https://www.rt.com/viral/359671-tasmanian-tiger-spotted-camera/

submitted by /u/Gargatua13013
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Are humans a reservoir species for any known animal illnesses?

Posted: 19 Sep 2016 01:14 PM PDT

There are many animals that are reservoir species for zoonoses, and I'm certain the opposite must be true but I can't find any information about it. Does it happen? Are we a carrier species for known diseases that may affect pets or livestock?

submitted by /u/furiousss
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How can you encrypt photons?

Posted: 19 Sep 2016 08:27 PM PDT

In this recent post in r/science, the article talks about encrypting photons. I understand how you can entangle photons and such but I don't see what you are encrypting or how to even do that.

submitted by /u/ThisIanGuy
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Is the real part of permittivity responsible for energy dissipation in a dielectric medium?

Posted: 20 Sep 2016 12:32 AM PDT

Hello everyone,

http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/91776/real-and-imaginary-parts-of-dielectric-constant-vs-refractive-index

in this question there is anything I would ask too, I thought the answers were not that satisfying. Is there some Input you could give, some morge thoughts?

submitted by /u/bre4k
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How does iron channel the magnetic field?

Posted: 19 Sep 2016 07:05 PM PDT

Hi,

I'm having trouble developing an intuition of how Maxwell's equations lead to the fact that ferromagnetic materials "channel" the magnetic field.

Can anyone shed some light into this for me, please?

Thanks!

submitted by /u/wenttocattown
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What is the age difference of Earth's pole vs equator (theory of relativity)?

Posted: 19 Sep 2016 12:36 PM PDT

How do newborn mammals know they have to look for a nipple and suck milk?

Posted: 19 Sep 2016 01:20 PM PDT

What would happen to my smartphone if I had it on me while taking x-rays?

Posted: 19 Sep 2016 02:31 PM PDT

Why does my phone camera show the heating elements on my stovetop to be a pink/purple colour when they appear red/orange to the eye?

Posted: 19 Sep 2016 01:13 PM PDT

Picture.

I imagine the camera is picking up the infrared light and shifting it to visible light, but my DSLR camera doesn't do this. What is special about a phone camera that makes it do this, and why the pinkish purple, which is at a part of the spectrum away from infrared?

submitted by /u/crimenently
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If time dilation increases exponentially as an object approaches a black hole's event horizon, how does anything ever reach the singularity?

Posted: 19 Sep 2016 09:08 AM PDT

I've read that time dilation tends toward infinite as an object approaches the event horizon of a black hole. Time passes normally for the object itself, but to an outside observer they would see the object move slower and slower, until eventually it red-shifted out of the visible spectrum.

However, for outside observers not under the influence of the black hole's time dilation, wouldn't that mean that any object falling into the black hole takes billions of years to actually cross the event horizon? If so, how does matter actually reach the singularity? Wouldn't the majority of every black hole's mass be currently in the process of still crossing the event horizon, given the age of the universe?

submitted by /u/Cannondorf
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What happens to our voice box when we speak higher or lower in pitch?

Posted: 19 Sep 2016 01:59 PM PDT

Why is it in first person video games, I can't point the camera perfectly straight up or straight down?

Posted: 19 Sep 2016 02:19 PM PDT

A lot of first person games will limit the camera from looking perfectly straight up or straight down, where there's a bit of a circle area that you just can't reach. A sort of gimbal lock if you will. I know the reason behind this is to prevent some sort of rendering error, but I've never known why, nor can I find anywhere discussing the topic, and I know I've read about this somewhere. I appreciate the help!

submitted by /u/kevansevans
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Where does the pressure that moves cerebral spinal fluid through the brain come from?

Posted: 19 Sep 2016 11:24 AM PDT

My professor was explaining how CFS moves through the brain's ventricles (I believe that's what he said), but we were stumped as to where the pressure that moves it along actually comes from.

submitted by /u/feynmannerdfighter
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How do we know that the ancient ice sheets of USA were over a mile tall?

Posted: 19 Sep 2016 05:15 PM PDT

How do we know this?

submitted by /u/Ask_Everything
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When I lose weight, how does my body know where to burn the fat from?

Posted: 19 Sep 2016 02:42 PM PDT

Why do liquids boil at room temperature under vacuum?

Posted: 19 Sep 2016 10:57 AM PDT

I find it fascinating that water can boil at room temperature when under vacuum. But I'm not sure of exactly what's happening. Does this cause it to heat up? Would ice melt under vacuum? Is the steam or water vapor similar to what normal boiling creates? Does this boiling reduce the vacuum as the liquid boils off? Has anyone harnessed this mechanism to do anything useful other than vacuum distillation?

submitted by /u/--Blightsaber--
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What properties would we expect in a region of the universe in which the higgs field had a zero value?

Posted: 19 Sep 2016 12:19 PM PDT

Is there a limit to how far two quantum entangled particles can be from each other?

Posted: 19 Sep 2016 10:26 AM PDT

What existed in the universe before matter?

Posted: 19 Sep 2016 12:42 PM PDT

Disclaimer: I am not sure if all of this is accurate. After The Big Bang, there were an estimated 400,000,000 years before stars formed, and then following that planets formed. So what was there before this formed and after The Big Bang? Was there anything, and if so what did the Big Bang do if not create matter?

submitted by /u/snafu3696
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How many generations does it take to start seeing an evolutuonary change?

Posted: 19 Sep 2016 01:52 PM PDT

If humans were to isolate and control the environments an animal would live in, how fast would we see a change? For example, if you take 500 mice and keep them in 10 different cages (50 a piece) with controlled environment's like cold weather only, hot weather only, grassy area, forested area and so on. Would we start to see changes after 10, 20, 50 generations? How many generations do you all think it would take to start to see mice with fluffier fur, or less fur or fur changing color to match the environment and so on. Hopefully my question is making sense, if not I will try to clarify more.

submitted by /u/allenkue
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What is gravity made up of?

Posted: 19 Sep 2016 11:26 AM PDT

Light is made of photons,electro magnetic waves are made of electrons (blunt) or their vibrations. So what makes up gravity? Are there particles which govern the force of gravity. And how does the force of gravity has influence on entities like planets asteroids or even us.?

submitted by /u/Metalheadpundit
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Why do photons move in a wave?

Posted: 19 Sep 2016 06:01 PM PDT

What forces cause them to move like this and how does physics account for the constant change in direction?

submitted by /u/Jaxaxcook
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Monday, September 19, 2016

Does a vibrating blade Really cut better?

Does a vibrating blade Really cut better?


Does a vibrating blade Really cut better?

Posted: 18 Sep 2016 07:07 AM PDT

What is loop quantum gravity and how does it differ from String Theory?

Posted: 18 Sep 2016 11:12 PM PDT

I'm only in my sophomore year in high school, and they don't teach particle physics here at my school. I've read some books on String Theory, but recently I came across "loop quantum gravity" and I don't really understand what it is.

submitted by /u/notam0derator
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How does Quantum Tunneling help create thermonuclear fusions in the core of the Sun?

Posted: 19 Sep 2016 05:57 AM PDT

I was listening to a lecture by Neil deGrasse Tyson where he mentioned that it is not hot enough inside the sun (10 million degrees) to fuse the nucleons together. How do the nucleons tunnel and create the fusions? Thanks.

submitted by /u/mistymountainz
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What happens to fat cells as fat is metabolized?

Posted: 18 Sep 2016 07:42 AM PDT

Is fat metabolism basically just a point in time process, or does it kick off a process of longer changes to the fat cells? What is that process and how long does it take?

This question comes from a thought I had on a 6 hour bike ride yesterday.

submitted by /u/2-4-decadienal5
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Why doesn't light interact with magnets if it's a electromagnetic wave?

Posted: 18 Sep 2016 06:15 AM PDT

Can two planets share the same orbit around a star? Are there any known examples?

Posted: 18 Sep 2016 11:11 PM PDT

What makes supernovas "explode"?

Posted: 18 Sep 2016 08:55 PM PDT

Hello AskSciencers!

My question is: What makes supernovas explode? I understand the general process after the star stops fusing hydrogen (it starts to fuse heavier elements, like helium). When the nuclear fusion starts producing Iron, which ruins the star's hydrostatic equilibrium and gravity becomes the major force at work. At this point is what I want to know: When the star collapses due to lack of the hydrostatic equlibrium, what makes it explode?

submitted by /u/r-olivaw
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If flamingos were to go extinct today, would their remains have any indication that they were bright pink?

Posted: 18 Sep 2016 03:43 PM PDT

I went to a science and history museum today and we were checking out the dinosaur exhibit. A few of the things I saw said that basically we're not 100% sure on dinosaurs, especially their skin colors.

So that got me thinking about animals today. Flamingos are pink for apparently no reason, and if nuclear holocaust happens today and we lose all of our records, would there be any way for future scientific researchers to know flamingos were pink?

submitted by /u/CherrySlurpee
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[chemistry]When a hot beverage releases steam does the concentration of let's say coffee increase?

Posted: 18 Sep 2016 12:23 PM PDT

Why do plants turn brown as they die?

Posted: 18 Sep 2016 07:19 PM PDT

I understand that they're usually green because of chlorophyll, but what happens to the chlorophyll that changes the plant's color?

submitted by /u/TheHodag
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How do the heart's autorhythmic fibers work?

Posted: 18 Sep 2016 01:54 PM PDT

The heart has these autorhythmic fibers that are self-excitable. Can you explain how the action potentials work, where and how they are generated, and how these fibers are involved in arrhythmias? Also, how do these cells become so specialized during embryonic development? My A+P (university Med classes -woohoo!) textbook says that about 1% of the cardiac muscle fibers actually become autorhythmic. How do those 1% know when to begin their job? Sorry for all the questions. The human body is insanely intricate. Feel free to pick only one of the questions to answer. Thanks for your input!

submitted by /u/SliceofSeoul
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[Geology] What could abandoned landfills become after a few hundred million years?

Posted: 18 Sep 2016 05:28 PM PDT

When I cook bacon (100 calories) and drain the grease (1-2 Tbsp), the bacon is now 100-x calories, where x is the calories of the grease, correct?

Posted: 18 Sep 2016 04:54 PM PDT

I'm trying to count my caloric intake as closely as possible, and wanted some verification regarding my question because I can find calories in bacon on the package and bacon grease calories on the web. The packaging I assume states the bacon calories along with its fat, but when cooked down, I assume it loses a hefty amount of those calories.

submitted by /u/rgupta1919
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Are flu bouts contracted from the vaccine transmissable?

Posted: 18 Sep 2016 06:20 PM PDT

To expand - if I get flu symptoms from the vaccine, will it still be contagious? Or will I only have the symptoms without necessarily having the same infectiousness.

submitted by /u/SensibleParty
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How do photons (when emitted from a source) decide which direction to go?

Posted: 18 Sep 2016 09:55 AM PDT

Many chemical processes emit a photon when they release energy. How does an individual photon from a source decide which direction to go?

submitted by /u/GeorgePukas
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Can we actually touch individual protons? (Since they have no electrons to repel our electrons at the atomic level)

Posted: 18 Sep 2016 09:31 PM PDT

What, if any, is the relationship between sirtuins and telomeres? Where would sirtuins fit in the SENS model?

Posted: 18 Sep 2016 09:15 PM PDT

How did we prove heliocentrism?

Posted: 18 Sep 2016 05:27 PM PDT

I know the earth and the other planets revolve around the Sun but how did we prove it? I'm assuming it's because we know that smaller gravities attract (are acted upon) by larger gravities but I'm not sure that's the sole reason we know or not

submitted by /u/LakersFan34
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How does a computer know that a number is negative using the 2's complement method?

Posted: 18 Sep 2016 04:55 PM PDT

For example how does a computer know that 10010010 is -110 in base 10 and not 146 in base 10?

submitted by /u/miercat
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Why when zoomed in upon, do individual characters on a screen have blurry edges?

Posted: 18 Sep 2016 04:49 PM PDT

Why is it that when a character on a screen is zoomed in upon that it is not that the letter is 100% black and the rest of the screen is 100% white, but instead there are some pixels between the character and blank space which are either a grey, blue, orange or other colour? I would have thought characters would be crisper looking if there were no gradient between the actual letter and the rest of the page. Is this a limitation of them being vectors?

Thanks

submitted by /u/pixeljuice_
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Is there an upper limit on the size of a screw you can make?

Posted: 18 Sep 2016 04:48 PM PDT

Why do all planets end up spinning around their own axis AND around a star?

Posted: 18 Sep 2016 02:23 PM PDT

Or are there planets that dont spin around their axis and this only have years and No days(if you were to live on one)

submitted by /u/magby200
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