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Monday, September 12, 2016

Why can't we see all of the black dots simultaneously on this illusion?

Why can't we see all of the black dots simultaneously on this illusion?

Why can't we see all of the black dots simultaneously on this illusion?

Posted: 11 Sep 2016 09:00 PM PDT

Where do squirrels go during hurricanes?

Posted: 11 Sep 2016 04:57 PM PDT

How Well Do Giraffe Species Interbreed?

Posted: 11 Sep 2016 08:20 AM PDT

Part of the reason given why their identification as 4 species was not noticed is ability of giraffes to Interbreed. How successful are progeny?

Bonus: Could interbreeding be used to aid in conservation efforts, by introducing more diversity into depopulated a giraffe species?

submitted by /u/iamthegodemperor
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[neuroscience] Whаt bеnеfіts dоеs еасh stаgе оf slеер hаvе?

Posted: 11 Sep 2016 04:32 PM PDT

I have always thought of epoxies as two part mixtures that react. Now I see single stage epoxies all over. How do they catalyze?

Posted: 11 Sep 2016 08:10 PM PDT

If a plant grows from a cutting from another one, are they genetically identical?

Posted: 11 Sep 2016 07:10 PM PDT

Is there a correlation between the fat content of milk and it's protein concentration?

Posted: 11 Sep 2016 05:57 PM PDT

Basically, as I'm given to understand, proteins are amino acids while fats come from glycerol chains; and while I understand that unused proteins can be turned into fat in the human body, I wanted to know whether or not the protein and fat concentrations of foods were in any way related. Simply looking at nutritional labels of different types of milk, I found that higher fat percent tended to also have higher protein percent, but I can't find an explanation as to why. (sorry for mistakes, this is my first time posting)

submitted by /u/SaitamaMasterRace
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Why can't an object/ship in stationary orbit just use thrusters to descend straight down in a controlled manner?

Posted: 11 Sep 2016 07:38 PM PDT

Why are solar panels in fields all angled a certain way, as opposed to pointing towards the sun?

Posted: 11 Sep 2016 07:04 AM PDT

edit: towards the sky, not the sun.

submitted by /u/tmello01
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Can a collapsing star have such great mass that the black hole formed completely absorbs the supernova and the star simply "goes dark?"

Posted: 11 Sep 2016 03:37 PM PDT

How can birds fly in a storm/heavy downpour?

Posted: 11 Sep 2016 03:04 PM PDT

I was under the impression that birds use updrafts and rising heated air to float along and glide with their wings. No?

submitted by /u/goateguy
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What's the brain's role in interpreting music into dancing? How does that process work at a physiological level?

Posted: 11 Sep 2016 05:55 AM PDT

I'm not really familiar with ballets but I'm taking about the type of dancing you may see at a hip hop concert that usually involves highly choreographed dance routines. Also how people dance at clubs and how their moves change depending on song / genre. Or maybe bobbing your head while driving to work and listening to the radio.

Is it some process that excites certain nerves and makes you want to move to the beat? How do we make the choice of what move goes with the beat?

submitted by /u/FrancisOntheHood
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Physical significance of S(q) structure factor against scattering vector q?

Posted: 11 Sep 2016 04:21 PM PDT

In diffraction experiments it is common to graph the structure factor against the scattering vector q. My question is what exactly do the peaks in the resultant plot from x-ray diffraction of neutron diffraction physically correspond to? Also, I think it would help to frame the answer in the case of a non periodic structure (or perfect crystal scenarios). Any help would be appreciated.

submitted by /u/AisleEight
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Why can our immune systems get rid of some viruses, where others can stay in the body for the rest of our lives?

Posted: 11 Sep 2016 03:03 PM PDT

How come that the immune system can get rid of, for example, the influenza virus in about a week where HIV stays forever? What makes a virus more dangerous from a different one?

submitted by /u/Shedvoy
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How do in-cell organelles "know" what to do, and how do they move?

Posted: 11 Sep 2016 12:46 PM PDT

I remember from high school biology that there's a lot of activity happening inside cells. DNA is unzipped and copied and proteins are manufactured at the ribosome, then packaged at the Golgi. How are any of these capable of moving or performing any action at all, and how do they know to do the right thing?

submitted by /u/numb3red
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What is the Corealis Effect like at the equator?

Posted: 11 Sep 2016 03:15 PM PDT

Given E = p * c, why can't energy be "converted" into momentum?

Posted: 11 Sep 2016 02:33 PM PDT

What determines a mach/shock diamond's color?

Posted: 11 Sep 2016 01:50 PM PDT

I see that some planes create a blue and orange color. However, planes like the SR-71 Blackbird in this photo and the F-35 in this create only one color, not both. Sometimes they even come out purple and pink. The space shuttle's engine's also pure blue

submitted by /u/boeing186
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How do we calculate wavelegnth using pixel number and intensity?

Posted: 11 Sep 2016 08:53 PM PDT

Is there a formula or some general method?

submitted by /u/mickandrorty312
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Why does it look like people on the ISS are upside down?

Posted: 11 Sep 2016 02:32 PM PDT

It's as if all blood pools in their heads. Is that the reason, and if so, why?

Example 1

Example 2

submitted by /u/ercafnerc
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Sunday, September 11, 2016

What might be different if the earths rotation was in the other direction?

What might be different if the earths rotation was in the other direction?

What might be different if the earths rotation was in the other direction?

Posted: 10 Sep 2016 05:50 PM PDT

Does the salt content in saltwater elicit a higher pain response from saltwater marine life?

Posted: 10 Sep 2016 05:30 PM PDT

I mean, they would probably know no difference, but would the pain response in say, a shark, be reduced if the water immediately surrounding the wound were freshwater? Or has marine life adapted to it? Thanks!

submitted by /u/EphemeralBlue
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Cats & Dogs have many nipples. What creatures have the most nipples. Why?

Posted: 10 Sep 2016 11:14 AM PDT

Could matter/light escape the event horizon of a relatively tiny black hole under influence of another?

Posted: 11 Sep 2016 06:39 AM PDT

Say point A in space is just beyond the event horizon of a small to medium black hole, but also further beyond the event horizon of a second super-massive black hole. This second one will, if I recall correctly, have an event horizon many many times bigger.

If for some theorectical reason these black holes do not merge instantly, could there be a brief window of time where matter that is already beyond the event horizon of the small black hole get dragged back into the massive one?

I am not very informed about the details surrounding black holes so my idea could be completely wrong and/or law of physics breaking.

Thanks!

submitted by /u/Dagl1
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Would running with or against the rotation of an artificial gravity ring in space significantly change the effect it had on you?

Posted: 11 Sep 2016 06:36 AM PDT

If this was the case could you completely negate the affect of gravity by sprinting against the rotation resulting in the situation where you were floating in place as the ring was rotating without you.

submitted by /u/Nemo_8
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A number line is necessary to contain all real numbers. A complex plane is necessary to contain all complex numbers. Is there any kind of number that needs a three dimensional space to contain?

Posted: 10 Sep 2016 06:29 PM PDT

Is it possible for any type of magnetism to actually repel a ferromagnetic material?

Posted: 10 Sep 2016 05:28 PM PDT

Given the fact that braces can work on adult jaws, are other bones in the body able to be morphed or translated out of position given exterior reinforcement?

Posted: 10 Sep 2016 10:16 PM PDT

So I was just watching a gif of a timelapse of sagging teeth being morphed by braces into a regular jaw, and I was wondering if other (stronger?) bones could be affected the same way, and the ways they could be moved along. I have some examples that I was specifically thinking about.

1) If a constant pressure is applied to the sides of a person's hands, would the bones of the hand eventually be pushed inwards permanently? If so, would the bones of the hand break before this happens? If that's the case, why does the portion of the skull attached to the teeth not break from braces?

2) Let's suppose a put a (very painful) "pusher" between the bones of my wrist that just exerts a constant outwards force on the horizontal plane relative to my hand. Would my 7" wrists become 8" wrists? Or is the length of the forearm bone a problem? Also, assuming I constantly consumed vitamin k2, d, c, and calcium, would the bone still suffer, or would it be perfectly fine?

3) I don't like the length of my legs. If I attach two ropes with a pulling force to each end of my fibula and tibia, would the bones simply break, or would it be stretched? Or, are these two bones simply too big for this to work?

I know that especially in regards to the 3rd question, there was a medieval torture contraption that worked by pulling on the limbs. However, if I remember correctly, that machine caused pain by ripping out some of the bones from their respective joints, and eventually tearing the skin and muscle.

submitted by /u/truedino
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Why are humans more afraid of spiders and insects than, say, wild animals?

Posted: 10 Sep 2016 09:04 PM PDT

The reaction to seeing them is visceral, as opposed to seeing animals that can actually kill me, like a lion or a bear. They're two different types of fears, but most people seem way more afraid of spiders & insects.

submitted by /u/TheGaySister
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If we can't determine the orbit of an electron and only have a "probability plot" of where it is likely to be when we try and look, does this not just highlight our inability to track properly?

Posted: 11 Sep 2016 07:04 AM PDT

Progesterone Cream (USP) is rubbed into skin to be absorbed into the bloodstream in an hour. With this understanding of skin permeability, is it known if chemicals/bleach used in hair dying could also get into the bloodstream, or react with skin in some way to be absorbed into the body?

Posted: 10 Sep 2016 09:16 PM PDT

I recently learned that many women rub Bio-identical (USP) Progesterone cream into their skin, to get it quickly into the bloodstream, blowing my mind, as I thought skin was way more impenetrable than that. Now, all the various strong chemicals people (especially women in pursuit of beauty) put on skin seem scary. Which ones can be absorbed into the body?

submitted by /u/pineapple918
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[Physics] Why are there so many different units for radiation/radioactivity?

Posted: 10 Sep 2016 11:22 AM PDT

It seems like, between greys, roentgens, Sieverts, rads, curies, it's a confusing mess. Is it just a matter of different international standards?

submitted by /u/_REDSTOOL_
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Why don't lungs seem to ever get tired ?

Posted: 10 Sep 2016 10:41 PM PDT

Does Hydrogen (relative atomic mass of 1) weigh (approximately) the same as 1/12th of a Carbon-12 atom?

Posted: 11 Sep 2016 02:50 AM PDT

So relative atomic mass is relative to 1/12th of a carbon-12 atom, so does that mean hydrogen approximately weighs the same as 1/12th of carbon 12?

submitted by /u/has101
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Do the points where a curve function and its derivative intersect hold some significance?

Posted: 11 Sep 2016 06:25 AM PDT

We're doing calculus in school now. And I was wondering whether the points where y = y' are used in science, engineering or some field? Are they called something? I was wondering when I graphed a cube function and its derivative like this.

submitted by /u/AlphaDonkey1
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Seems like we often cure diseases in mice as a stepping stone to curing them in people. So, are these therapies made available to veterinarians, so that actual mice (pet mice) can see some benefit from these breakthroughs?

Posted: 10 Sep 2016 09:50 PM PDT

Why are ferrofluids so black?

Posted: 10 Sep 2016 04:46 PM PDT

Is light absorption a property of ferrofluids, and if so, why so?

submitted by /u/glidepath
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For what reason do we not see any Agarwood farms in the US? If it has to do with climate could you produce such a climate indoors with hydroponics seeing how the product of tree is so valuable?

Posted: 10 Sep 2016 09:00 PM PDT

I hear the tree is fast growing as it takes 4 years to flower.

If it's possible to use hydroponics you could perhaps tweak things so that you almost always produce the best grade of product.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agarwood

First-grade agarwood is one of the most expensive natural raw materials in the world,[citation needed] with 2010 prices for superior pure material as high as US$100,000/kg, although in practice adulteration of the wood and oil is common, allowing for prices as low as US$100/kg.[4] A whole range of qualities and products are on the market, varying in quality with geographical location, botanical species, the age of the specific tree, cultural deposition and the section of the tree where the piece of agarwood stems from.[5] Oud oil is distilled from agarwood, and fetches high prices depending on the oil's purity. The current global market for agarwood is estimated to be in the range of US$6 – 8 billion and is growing rapidly

Most paper now comes from either recycled material such as wood chips,or from wood that's sourced from tree farms. So why not grow Agarwood instead of pine trees for paper?

http://i.imgur.com/Pdf2p07.jpg

a cord of wood weighs 1814.37 kg, so if you could produce the top grade material in a hyrdroponic farm you would make up to 181,400,000 dollars off a cord of agarwood.

submitted by /u/strunberg
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Model on how chain mails propagate? How many % of people need to forward them?

Posted: 11 Sep 2016 04:29 AM PDT

Hey,

so I've read an article in a newspaper about a whatsapp chain mail telling people that a certain contact is a hacker or some BS like that. I've not seen such a message in years and I'm quite surprised that they still exist, but I guess my contacts aren't people who would forward this.

This made me thinking: what % of people need to forward those messages for them to be "alive"? I've tried to find research about this but I couldn't find anything.

I'm quite sure it's very similar to how diseases and vaccines work, with a 100% working vaccine for thsoe who don't send the message and 100% chance of getting the disease if not vaccinated. So could I use those models? The only question would be how many people are those who send the mails interact with.

submitted by /u/FalconX88
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When an object becomes statically charged, are the molecules in the object ionized?

Posted: 11 Sep 2016 12:27 AM PDT

For example when wool and nylon are rubbed together both become charged. Let's say nylon is negatively charged. Do the nylon molecules become ionized?

submitted by /u/ebo1
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Is the temperature difference between the north and south pole purely because of the axis of revolution the earth has relative to the sun?

Posted: 11 Sep 2016 12:26 AM PDT

Is the human brain wired to naturally perceive only a certain number of orders of magnitude?

Posted: 10 Sep 2016 06:40 PM PDT

Example 1

Consider this example (people who don't know math can skip to the next one, don't worry):

You want to plot this function: y=(floor(x))2. Now say you pull up your favorite program and you put the equation in and the program plots the thing.

So here it is on your screen, you set it to only show the first quadrant - say x<15, y<200 - and there you have it: 16 discernible steps.

Now you wanna see more steps, so you edit your axis range and you go x<20, y<400: 21 discernible steps.

Now I go higher to x<30, y<900 and things start to get a little weird: I KNOW in this particular case that there are 31 steps in the picture and I can discern them, but the difference between the 1st and 2nd step is getting minimal.

Let's ramp things up to x<150, now anything before 5 is a straight line.

At x<300, everything before 20 is a straight line. At x<1000 it's 50. And so on and so forth...

Basically if I want to see bigger things, I'm gonna have to scale things up, but that way I won't be able to see little things anymore.

Now, of course, this example could be easily dismissed as a problem of my screen's resolution. If I had a bigger screen with a higher resolution I could probably plot 300 fully discernible steps. But of course this stops working when you wanna see the 10,000th step, then things would start to get blurry again at the bottom.

I suspect this to be an inherent property of human perception: do we have a fixed scale that sets what is the biggest size and the smallest size in a series of objects we can perceive at the same time?

Next example:

Example 2 (EDIT: I found this video that is basically the same thing I'm describing below but with stars instead of cubes, I highly suggest watching it)

Imagine yourself on a flat, infinitely wide and infinitely long piece of land. Somewhere a bit ahead of you is a series of cubes placed one next to the other in a row that runs from left to right. Each cube is twice the size of the one to its left.

You wanna see the most cubes you can so you start backing away from the cubes. This way, bigger cubes enter your field of view on the right and smaller cubes enter your view from the left. Pretty soon you start to find that if you keep backing away you'll definitely see bigger cubes, but you'll also lose perception of the smaller cubes on the left.

So you stop backing away and you just move sideways to the right to see bigger cubes, but as you go to the right, you find that the big cubes are just getting too big for your field of view, you HAVE to step back to see them entirely.

Also, same thing with the small cubes on the left. If you're too far back and you wanna see smaller and smaller cubes, you'll have to step in and move to the left, but this is gonna make you lose sight of the bigger cubes.

My question is: is there an intrinsic limitation in my brain to not only see, but picture something, then something twice as big, then something 10 times as big and something 100 times as big without losing sight (or perception) of the original thing I was picturing?

Also, I would be surprised to find out I was the first one to THINK of this problem, so I would suppose it might be something quite basic which I still can't find stuff about because I'm probably putting in all the wrong keywords. Could you help me out on this too? What's the field of study which cares about this kinda thing?

submitted by /u/swedocme
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Why are differentiation and integration opposites?

Posted: 10 Sep 2016 11:26 PM PDT

Graphically, derivatives are the slopes of tangent lines, and integrals are the area underneath curves (at least in 2-D). Why are these opposites of each other? Why do they "undo" each other?

submitted by /u/WittilyItaly
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Saturday, September 10, 2016

What is the earliest event there is evidence of cultural memory for?

What is the earliest event there is evidence of cultural memory for?

What is the earliest event there is evidence of cultural memory for?

Posted: 09 Sep 2016 10:31 PM PDT

I'm talking about events that happened before recorded history, but that were passed down in oral history and legend in some form, and can be reasonably correlated. The existence of animals like mammoths and sabre-toothed tigers that co-existed with humans wouldn't qualify, but the "Great Mammoth Plague of 14329 BCE" would.

submitted by /u/AppHelper
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I've seen dogs walk in a circle before they sit and heard this is a remnant from flattening grass in the wild. What are some things we do as humans that we might not realise are driven by an ancestral purpose?

Posted: 10 Sep 2016 12:11 AM PDT

What are sparks fundamentally made out of?

Posted: 09 Sep 2016 08:19 PM PDT

For example, when you connect jumpers to a car battery and touch the two charged ends together so that sparks jump off, what are they made of and how are they created?

submitted by /u/hockey_playa23
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Why does the pitch of sirens lower when they pass by?

Posted: 10 Sep 2016 02:59 AM PDT

Like when a police car/ambulance/firetruck drives by sirens blaring, the pitch of the siren seems to lower after they pass by and drive away. It also seems to only happen in Europe, to my experience. Is it due to displacement or something of that sort?

submitted by /u/yybboo
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Do animals trade stuff?

Posted: 10 Sep 2016 03:46 AM PDT

It's in the title, really. Do animals sometimes propose a trade and choose to exchange (or not exchange) something?

submitted by /u/1337_n00b
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When we have fever, how does the body increase its temperature? Also why does it let the fever reach dangerously high in some cases?

Posted: 09 Sep 2016 07:53 PM PDT

What is the difference between heat (q) and temperature (T)?

Posted: 09 Sep 2016 11:17 PM PDT

Why does healthy human eye have no chromatic aberration?

Posted: 10 Sep 2016 12:04 AM PDT

Telescope manufacturers charge fortunes for telescopes with good color correction. They use two and three lens combinations to fight chromatic aberration, which is well explained by physics. But how does an eye, with just one lens in it have no aberration? Is it the processing in the brain that eliminates it? Have anyone tried to capture what's in the "focal surface" of the eye with a CCD sensor or something?

submitted by /u/futuneral
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What are the roles of introns within pre-mRNA strands if they just get removed? (And as a side note, how **do** they get removed?)

Posted: 09 Sep 2016 08:47 PM PDT

How do Non-Newtonian fluids freeze?

Posted: 09 Sep 2016 08:56 AM PDT

Why is the mass of an Electron and Positron not identical?

Posted: 09 Sep 2016 09:04 AM PDT

Upon looking at the masses of both the electron and positron, I was confused to discover that they were not identical in mass. Albeit the difference is so small (6.471x10-38) that it is negligable, but it still surprised me as I was under the assumption that a particle and its antiparticle had the same mass. Is this not the case? If so, why?

submitted by /u/iCaird
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Our moon rotates to match earths orbit, hence we always see the same side of the moon. My question, are there any other moons in our system that exhibit the same behavior?

Posted: 09 Sep 2016 06:34 PM PDT

Besides the earth's magnetic field, what's the strongest non-electromagnetic magnet?

Posted: 09 Sep 2016 03:56 PM PDT

What exactly makes the difference between genetic variation and a new species?

Posted: 09 Sep 2016 03:42 PM PDT

What exactly marks a new species? I know the difference is that a single species is defined as being able to produce fertile offspring, but what exactly makes that difference?

submitted by /u/assdawn
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Why Do Low Frequency Sound Waves Diffract More than High Frequency Ones?

Posted: 09 Sep 2016 09:03 AM PDT

I am reading a book about sound and it states the following:

"The amount of diffraction that occurs in any wave is dependent upon the wavelength of that wave." "Lower frequencies can bend around an object easier than high frequencies."

Why?

submitted by /u/jpfg259
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How did long distance migration develop in birds?

Posted: 09 Sep 2016 02:29 PM PDT

I understand that animals disperse and migrate in order to obtain food and for mating, but why is it that they travel thousands of miles to do so?

How would such a mechanism develop? Did the birds travel shorter distances, which have increased over time? From an evolutionary point of view, would it not be more beneficial to travel shorter distances due to the risks of such a long travel?

submitted by /u/Shedvoy
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Is there actually a correlation between high intelligence / IQ and poor social skills?

Posted: 09 Sep 2016 10:24 AM PDT

Is there any truth about the general interpretation or portrayal of those with high iq's or those with a good knowledge of academics, as they are often portrayed as socially inept, behave in wierd and anti-social/asocial ways, having poor social skills and have troubled minds, both emotionally and psychologically, and even defined as mad or crazy?

Or is this just a stereotype of the mad scientist or the troubled genius?

Or is there any real truth such as those who study extensively in plenty of academics, or those who have parents who are strict about academic scores and achievements that they leave their children constantly anxious or emotionally troubled and depressed, have tendencies of perfectionism and also poor social skills, since that they would not have that much time or experience in interacting with others or interacting in social events

(people say that you find this mostly in Asian cultures but I am not sure if it is entirely accurate )

Or is it a common misconception? for example, when someone meets a person with a high IQ, some would assume that that person has Asperger syndrome, which one of its symptoms is having poor communication/social skills (and may or may not turn into a self fulfilling prophecy)

submitted by /u/sammyjamez
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[Physics] How does Sonoluminescence work?

Posted: 09 Sep 2016 09:32 PM PDT

What's the role of topoisomerases and gyrases in DNA replication and how do they do what they do?

Posted: 09 Sep 2016 07:17 PM PDT

From all I know, the topoisomerases and gyrases somehow prevent or reduce tangling? but I don't really understand what they do exactly or how they do it. My professor just brushed on the topic for a bit, saying it was something akin to winding two strings together, with the enzymes preventing knotting of the string.

submitted by /u/tofooblok
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Why don't same touching metal surfaces fuse to each other?

Posted: 09 Sep 2016 02:31 PM PDT

If two metal surfaces are made of exact material and not corroded or masked in any way, when we make the two surfaces touch, why don't they just bond into one piece? Do we need to break a force like surface tension before they can bond?

submitted by /u/melector
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