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Sunday, July 10, 2016

How exactly does a autotldr-bot work?

How exactly does a autotldr-bot work?


How exactly does a autotldr-bot work?

Posted: 10 Jul 2016 05:35 AM PDT

Subs like r/worldnews often have a autotldr bot which shortens news articles down by ~80%(+/-). How exactly does this bot know which information is really relevant? I know it has something to do with keywords but they always seem to give a really nice presentation of important facts without mistakes.

Edit: Is this the right flair?

submitted by /u/Jirkajua
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Do lasers work in other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum?

Posted: 10 Jul 2016 04:47 AM PDT

Can you make a UV laser or a gamma laser? or could you go to the opposite end of the spectrum and make a laser that shoots radio waves? Also would it emit visible light or could you have a laser that is invisible to the human eye?

submitted by /u/Bullet1289
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Is it possible for a universe to have a 2 dimensional time? Would time travel be easier in such a universe? What would the effects of this be on sentient beings? How could we describe the 2 co-ordinates of time?

Posted: 10 Jul 2016 01:53 AM PDT

Surprised that this isn't in the FAQ, but can someone explain the 10/11 dimensions of Superstring/M-Theory?

Are there organisms that could experience more dimensions than 3 spacial and 1 time dimension? If some dimensions are curled up and small enough (anywhere from planck length to 1mm) could microscopic bots experience these dimensions?

submitted by /u/lickmyspaghetti
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How permanent is a permanent magnet?

Posted: 10 Jul 2016 07:06 AM PDT

If I leave a fridge magnet on my fridge for long enough, will it eventually fall off? Will the magnetism fade away over time?

submitted by /u/Grenadukebabelele
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Do super massive black holes decay?

Posted: 10 Jul 2016 06:16 AM PDT

I'm sorry if this has been asked before or if it seems ignorant but recently I've been thinking about black holes.

My question is will the super massive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way eventually evaporate causing everything to drift apart?

I know that the more massive a black hole is the longer it will take to be decayed by Hawking radiation so it would probably take billions of years to happen but nonetheless I'm curious.

submitted by /u/TermlessBird
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How does radiation therapy manage to discern between normal and cancerous cells?

Posted: 10 Jul 2016 06:02 AM PDT

are CRISPR gene edits carried forward to your children?

Posted: 10 Jul 2016 01:34 AM PDT

and will edits that carry forward be a problem/benefit in a new individual?

trials of CRISPR may be beginning soon so this seems a relevant question. http://www.nature.com/news/first-crispr-clinical-trial-gets-green-light-from-us-panel-1.20137?WT.mc_id=TWT_NatureNews

submitted by /u/whiskey83
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How a vector graphics data is stored?

Posted: 10 Jul 2016 07:41 AM PDT

So, I know that for a raster graphic, computers store the data in a matrix-like structure, with the number representing the color of each pixel. But what about vector graphic?

I know that a vector graphic is represented as a mathematical expression. What kind of mathematical expressions are used to store a vector graphic data? How do computers store this mathematical expressions? I was wondering why we don't see vector graphic more commonly as I cannot see its disadvantages over raster graphics. I have a background in math / linear algebra / computer science, so you can explain them with a technical term.

submitted by /u/dkurniawan
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Why haven't we sent probes to Europa?

Posted: 10 Jul 2016 07:32 AM PDT

Or Enceladus, or Titan? I mean, I know we sent one to Titan, but why only one? If we think these places may harbor life, not only multicellular life (which would be amazing), but life of any form, why haven't we explored the surface or below yet? As it stands now, me, as an 18 year old, will probably be about 40 by the time we land anything on any of these solar bodies.

submitted by /u/Know_What_Fvck_This
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If the photons take around 10,000 years to reach the outer surface from the core of the sun , was the sun dark for the first 10,000 years after nuclear fusion started to occur?

Posted: 09 Jul 2016 01:03 PM PDT

Did the sun start out much darker than now and reach its peak and then start decreasing its brightness?

submitted by /u/shank9717
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Can sound have a direct effect on light?

Posted: 09 Jul 2016 07:56 PM PDT

Take explosions, for example, you can observe the shock wave. Is that the direct result of the sound refracting the light? Or is it the temperature of the surrounding area like in a mirage or something?

submitted by /u/aTayter
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Are homes with 10-foot ceilings harder to heat and cool than homes with traditional 8- or 9-foot ceilings, if all other factors are equal (square footage, insulation, et cetera)?

Posted: 09 Jul 2016 03:07 PM PDT

How does density functional theory and programs like Vasp and Quantum Espresso work?

Posted: 10 Jul 2016 06:11 AM PDT

I'm a 3rd year in Aerospace but looking into materials research in aerospace applications. My professor wants me to look into DFT and the vasp program but the manuals are very dense and difficult to absorb.

My current understanding is that you input atomic/electronic positions of a unit cell, tell the program how you want to deform it, then the program applies a periodic condition and outputs a result that you asked for, is this correct? Thanks in advance.

submitted by /u/exterstellar
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Why do bad neighborhoods exist? Why can't all neighborhoods be good neighborhoods?

Posted: 10 Jul 2016 05:58 AM PDT

When you boil gnocchi (the potato pasta), it initially sinks, then rises as it cooks. What changes to make the gnocchi less dense?

Posted: 09 Jul 2016 05:44 PM PDT

In most settings, taking on water would increase density, so what makes this process different?

submitted by /u/superhelical
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Why do we assume that the speed of light is constant throughout the universe?

Posted: 09 Jul 2016 09:41 PM PDT

How was gravitational acceleration measured?

Posted: 10 Jul 2016 01:17 AM PDT

So I know about the story of Galileo and him dropping the two canon balls from the leaning tower of pisa, but how did the value of 9.8m/s/s get discovered? Who first discovered the value of gravitational acceleration, and how did they do it?

I would appreciate sources as well please, thanks :)

submitted by /u/TheRealMrWest
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We can't imagine a color we haven't seen- is this because our imagination is limited by our experiences, or because there just aren't other colors?

Posted: 09 Jul 2016 10:41 PM PDT

Not sure how to classify this. Psychology? But is a normal person able to imagine a color they haven't seen, for example would someone who has just managed to avoid the color blue all their life be able to picture blue? And are the colors we know all the colors there are, or just all we see?

submitted by /u/Chili_Maggot
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Why is pure carbon typically black when most carbon containing compounds aren't?

Posted: 09 Jul 2016 08:28 PM PDT

If most allotropes of carbon are black, why are carbon containing compounds usually either white or colorless?

submitted by /u/ericfussell
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Why does an atom that gains neutrons become radioactive?

Posted: 09 Jul 2016 01:00 PM PDT

"Neutrons are much less influential on the chemical character and identity of an atom than protons, although they are just as hard to add to or remove from the nucleus, being so tightly bound. If neutrons are added or gained, the atom will still retain the same chemical identity, but its mass will change slightly and it may acquire strange nuclear properties such as radioactivity"

Source: www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/direct-current/chpt-1/static-electricity/

submitted by /u/robsoneder
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Whats the deal with absolute zero?

Posted: 09 Jul 2016 01:21 PM PDT

Why is -273.15°C the lowest possible temperature? What stops it from getting lower than this?

submitted by /u/Avalanche30196709
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How do after-tastes work?

Posted: 09 Jul 2016 08:41 PM PDT

I was drinking a mixed drink with apples and cucumbers in it and wondered, why is it i taste the apple first then the cucumber second after swallowing? does it have to do with where the flavor is on the tongue?

submitted by /u/Palmertabs
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Saturday, July 9, 2016

Increased gut motility is a well documented side effect of caffeine consumption. Is this the body's attempt at removing the caffeinated food bolus?

Increased gut motility is a well documented side effect of caffeine consumption. Is this the body's attempt at removing the caffeinated food bolus?


Increased gut motility is a well documented side effect of caffeine consumption. Is this the body's attempt at removing the caffeinated food bolus?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 11:20 AM PDT

Does the bowel movement that was accelerated out contain any appreciable amount of caffeine?

submitted by /u/Catan_mode
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What kind of damage could someone expect if hit by a single atom of titanium at 99%c?

Posted: 09 Jul 2016 06:26 AM PDT

Does wind affect the distance sound travels?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 10:07 PM PDT

Is one cubic meter of lunar soil equivalent to the energetic that could be provided from an entire fast food meal ?

Posted: 09 Jul 2016 07:10 AM PDT

I had an encountered with a scientist at NASA in Houston and he mentioned that when the Apollo missions where happening . Many speculated how powerful lunar soil could be and at this point there's no prove of that . However , there's is a big wall at the visitors center which states that one cubic meter of lunar soil is equivalent to the energy one burger , french fries and a soda can provide . If this is veridic how can we take advantage of that energy if possible ?

submitted by /u/Momnature
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Is there any evidence that the increased use of hands free soap/sink/towel dispensers and hand sanitizers reduced the rate of illness?

Posted: 09 Jul 2016 03:41 AM PDT

How, on a physical level, do transistors/vacuum tubes work, and how do they produce logic gates?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 08:40 PM PDT

How do we know that our mathematics will translate all over the universe and not just our world?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 10:49 PM PDT

How much hotter would the Earth get during daytime if the days were longer?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 10:05 PM PDT

I read that the moon's average daytime temperature is over 100 degrees Celsius. I know the lack of atmosphere plays a part in that. How much do the long moon days contribute to that? A moon day is approximately 28 days right? What if the Earth rotated slower and the Earth day was 28 days? What if it were 2 days? What if we were tidally locked to the Sun? How hot would the bright side get, and how cold would the dark side get?

submitted by /u/mkosta
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Does anxiety increase blood pH level?

Posted: 09 Jul 2016 08:07 AM PDT

The context of this question is related to exercise endurance, running more specifically.
I don't have a scientific background, but after reading different articles, I went to the following conclusion:
When a person runs at anaerobic level of effort, the blood pH decreases. However, if this person becomes anxious, due to the fear of lack of oxygen for example, the blood pH is increased metabolically, which basically extends the capacity of performing the exercise.
That can be the explanation of endurance, if the idea is correct.
Am I right, or if not, what's wrong?

submitted by /u/george_i
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Why does Sunlight make you sleepy?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 10:07 PM PDT

How do you measure the volume of a chunk of space in curved spacetime?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 01:44 PM PDT

Specifically, I'm asking how you calculate it, not what tools you would use

submitted by /u/chunkylubber54
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When people say stars and nebulae are formed by gas and dust, what exactly is the dust?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 12:56 PM PDT

I understand that the gas is most likely hydrogen or helium because those are very simple structures. However, when someone refers to dust on earth that is usually specks of dirt (minerals like silica) or organic material (skin cells) which are much more complicated structures. So what exactly is this space dust made of?

submitted by /u/Dastardlydashing
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What is the behavior of a black hole's temperature?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 09:16 PM PDT

Do black holes have temperature at all? If so, how does one calculate its temperature, and what are the behaviors?

submitted by /u/thlst
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In what ways does the laws of physics break down in temperatures that exceed the Planck Temperature?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 11:52 PM PDT

Can anyone provide a few examples?

submitted by /u/great-nba-comment
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Maximum velocity for orbits / gravity assists within our solar system?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 08:49 PM PDT

I'm reading a book where spaceships slingshot around various planets to maintain velocity (no unobtainium gravity control). I was wondering what approximate velocity a ship/probe would be able to maintain in our solar system.

I can math out stable orbital velocities/altitudes, but slingshot manoeuvres confound me, and once relativity shows up I get completely lost (I'm only a materials guy!).

(As additional info, in the book they travel at ~ 0.6C after many weeks/months of acceleration at ~3g, and slingshot to maintain velocity. Way past escape velocity, but maybe they accelerate perpendicular to their velocity?)

submitted by /u/Toraeus
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A simple tomato freezing and unfreezing test shows me that this procedure destroys the tomato structure. Why are we then freezing humans for the future?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 10:35 AM PDT

Is it possible to have "less pressure than vacuum"?

Posted: 09 Jul 2016 12:18 AM PDT

Go under water, and you're experiencing a greater amount of pressure... hike up a mountain and you're under less pressure. Go to space, and you're in a vacuum (and probably dead if you could feel it).

Is there such a phenomenon where there is "negative" amounts of pressure (not negative pressure)...?

(think "is there another dimension other than the 3 we see, before we discovered there were more")

submitted by /u/tootleturtle
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Can Jet Stream behaviour be used as an indicator for climate change?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 09:23 AM PDT

After the confusion over this video (15:00) which had some mistakes, that the creator corrected in later videos: 1, 2 (15:00 each), I would like to know what relevance Jet Stream behaviour has in making any analysis of our climate system.

submitted by /u/deardevil1992
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Can someone explain what a "Memresistor" does in a circuit?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 08:57 AM PDT

I came across them today and in my 2 years of electrical engineering study I have never heard of them. Can someone explain their purpose, or what they even do?

submitted by /u/dfordean
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Why do cell phone displays (mainly the LCD portion) continue to work after there is a crack in them? Wouldn't the crack stop current flow?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 11:11 AM PDT

Friday, July 8, 2016

Can "buildup" on scalp actually cause hair loss?

Can "buildup" on scalp actually cause hair loss?


Can "buildup" on scalp actually cause hair loss?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 09:08 PM PDT

There are tons of products marketed towards people with thinning hair that claim to function by cleansing the scalp of buildup and creating a healthy environment for hair growth. This is because they allege that buildup can essentially kill your hair follicles if it gets bad enough. Is this scientifically sound, or a bunch of cosmetology marketing bullshit?

submitted by /u/burf
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How do Owls turn their heads almost 360 degrees?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 03:59 AM PDT

I know it's a bit obscure but how do owls manage to rotate their heads without damaging the blood vessels and cutting of blood supply to their brains?

submitted by /u/moriago
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Why can't solid objects move through each other?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 04:15 AM PDT

Atoms are mostly empty space. Ernest Rutherford proved this with his famous gold foil experiment - there is a small, positively charged nucleus (which deflected the positively charged alpha particles), and negatively charged electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed energy levels. This explains why the alpha particles were able to move through the gold foil but also why some were deflected or reflected; most passed through the atoms' empty space, some were repelled by their nuclei, and other collided directly with the nuclei. So why is it that I can't move my hand directly though a solid surface? Surely the rate of collisions between the atoms in my hand and the atoms in the table would be so low given the ratio of empty space to space occupied by sub-atomic particles that my hand should pass through with minimal resistance, and if anything would get stuck 'inside' the object.

Of course, states of matter are determined by intermolecular bonds, meaning that 'solid' in a scientific sense means that the molecules in an object are joined together strongly, usually with a regular arrangement. Since sub-atomic particles are not made up of molecules themselves (as they are the fundamental components of matter), why do they act as solids, and why can I not pass my hand through a solid object without resistance, given that the objects are in fact mostly empty space?

submitted by /u/Vandoki42
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When we microwave food, why isn't the air in the microwave heated?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 11:19 PM PDT

How closely and with how much detail could astronomers see Jupiter in the 17th century?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 10:44 PM PDT

Are there any pictures of the view telescopes astronomers like Galileo or Giovanni Battista Riccioli would have had?

submitted by /u/drtyrannica
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Wouldn't an earthquake destroy the Channel Tunnel/any sort of Trans-Atlantic underground light rail or tunnel?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 03:28 AM PDT

Just thinking about the future of transportation and how we move goods in the future at speed and across great distances. But wouldn't any sort of underground tunnel a la

http://www.industrytap.com/transatlantic-meglev-train-would-be-largest-project-in-human-history/16108

be very easily destroyed by an earthquake?

submitted by /u/2sta
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What changes in out body when our reaction time improves?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 02:28 AM PDT

Why does Element 43 (Technetium) have no stable isotopes?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 11:38 PM PDT

How do fans cool you if they're blowing room temperature air on you?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 10:10 PM PDT

What elements/compounds give Jupiter its colors?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 06:55 PM PDT

The atmosphere is mostly hydrogren and helium, with some trace elements. What gives color to those swirling bands?

submitted by /u/Forever_Stoopit
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Can fluency in a language affect how we think?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 10:43 PM PDT

For example, if a person's main language is English, and he learns Spanish as well, but he is not as fluent in it. He is tasked to write an essay in spanish. Due to the fact that he is not as fluent in Spanish, will thinking and planning the essay in Spanish affect the content that he is able to produce (disregarding vocabulary) compared to if he planned the essay in English, then translated and wrote in Spanish?

A few weeks ago there was a post asking how people who don't know any languages think, and iirc their memories were significantly worse than those who knew a language. So, does your fluency in a language affect your thinking as well?

submitted by /u/plokmijnq
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[Computing] Is it possible for mobile cariers to throttle GPS based on what app requests the location?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 12:09 AM PDT

Can lobsters harvested in the Atlantic be released and survive in the Pacific Ocean?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 06:01 PM PDT

Basically can you put an atlantic lobster in the pacific ocean and it survive just fine?

submitted by /u/jeremycb29
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*If* cell phones cause cancer, what is the proposed mechanism by which it happens? How likely is this proposed mechanism?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 12:43 AM PDT

I remember reading "Physics for Future Scientists" by physicist Richard Muller many years ago, and seeing that he described the notion of cell phones causing cancer as pure bunk. But that does not seem like the consensus.

I've heard some people attribute cancer via cell phone not to radiation, but to heat. But surely, a shower is hotter than a cell phone, no?

I'm confused. Is there a reasonable proposed mechanism for explaining how cell phone use might cause cancer, or not?

My question ignores whether or not the data supports the claim that they do cause cancer. It might be the case that the data does show that they cause cancer, but that we don't understand the mechanism, for example. My question is purely about whether there is a reasonable proposed mechanism, or not.

submitted by /u/ShinyBaldMan
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Caffeine is a diuretic, sure, but just how strong is it?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 06:56 AM PDT

Everyone has heard at one point or another how quenching your thirst with a caffeinated beverage is a bad idea, since caffeine only exacerbates dehydration by encouraging the body to expel water.

But its diuretic effects have to be determined by dosage - and it stands to reason that there's a concentration per unit volume that would let you break even, or even beat the conventional wisdom.

I'm sure that kidney function is mediated by a billion other factors, but on the average day and in the average body, does the whole range of common caffeine doses (from coffee, soda, et cetera) really result in a net water loss? Just how diluted would a caffeinated drink need to be before you broke even?

Or is the conventional wisdom overblown?

submitted by /u/lumensimus
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What keeps radio-waves together?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 05:20 AM PDT

In all depictions the sine wave(or cosine?) is coupled with another wave, I thinks it's electric/magnetic field right? electro-magnetic radiation... I just wonder, I think I get how you generate the signal, a pulsing/oscillating "thing" antenna(?) but when the waves propagate, what keeps them together, or is that a generalization? Why isn't it like a ball on a string, spinning in a circle and snapping off following a tangential path unless affected by an external force like gravity (or internal).

submitted by /u/GreenAce92
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Would more raindrops hit the front windshield (slanted) of your car if you were stopped, driving at a constant speed, or accelerating (assuming constant rainfall)?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 08:25 PM PDT

Does the inclined plane of the windshield affect how many raindrops will hit your car in a set amount of time? Would the answer be the same for the top of your car (no incline)?

submitted by /u/amysantos882
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When/How was it discovered that "space" was a vacuum?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 07:49 PM PDT

There must have been some experiment/observation/discovery that lead to us knowing that the earth's atmosphere thins out and stops at some point. Does any one know how and when it happened?

submitted by /u/nik282000
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If we have a picture of high resolution and quality and store it JPEG format (which is lossy, and messes with the colors of individual pixels), will the average color of the entire image remain the same, or will it change? Most importantly, why would that be?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 06:47 PM PDT

Why is an asteroid ring a ring and not a sphere?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 01:16 PM PDT

Given that there's no "up or down" in space? I'm guessing the answer has something to do with the gravity of the asteroids themselves, but I just can't visualize how that would work. Can somebody help me out? I know nothing about this sort of thing.

submitted by /u/aiapapa
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What's the fundamental force behind diffusion?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 08:26 PM PDT

I have a feeling it's not gravity.

submitted by /u/EmceeQubed
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Can we predict, statistically, how often objects in the asteroid belt collide? And have we ever witnessed it happen?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 03:37 AM PDT