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Saturday, July 9, 2016

Increased gut motility is a well documented side effect of caffeine consumption. Is this the body's attempt at removing the caffeinated food bolus?

Increased gut motility is a well documented side effect of caffeine consumption. Is this the body's attempt at removing the caffeinated food bolus?

Increased gut motility is a well documented side effect of caffeine consumption. Is this the body's attempt at removing the caffeinated food bolus?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 11:20 AM PDT

Does the bowel movement that was accelerated out contain any appreciable amount of caffeine?

submitted by /u/Catan_mode
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What kind of damage could someone expect if hit by a single atom of titanium at 99%c?

Posted: 09 Jul 2016 06:26 AM PDT

Does wind affect the distance sound travels?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 10:07 PM PDT

Is one cubic meter of lunar soil equivalent to the energetic that could be provided from an entire fast food meal ?

Posted: 09 Jul 2016 07:10 AM PDT

I had an encountered with a scientist at NASA in Houston and he mentioned that when the Apollo missions where happening . Many speculated how powerful lunar soil could be and at this point there's no prove of that . However , there's is a big wall at the visitors center which states that one cubic meter of lunar soil is equivalent to the energy one burger , french fries and a soda can provide . If this is veridic how can we take advantage of that energy if possible ?

submitted by /u/Momnature
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Is there any evidence that the increased use of hands free soap/sink/towel dispensers and hand sanitizers reduced the rate of illness?

Posted: 09 Jul 2016 03:41 AM PDT

How, on a physical level, do transistors/vacuum tubes work, and how do they produce logic gates?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 08:40 PM PDT

How do we know that our mathematics will translate all over the universe and not just our world?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 10:49 PM PDT

How much hotter would the Earth get during daytime if the days were longer?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 10:05 PM PDT

I read that the moon's average daytime temperature is over 100 degrees Celsius. I know the lack of atmosphere plays a part in that. How much do the long moon days contribute to that? A moon day is approximately 28 days right? What if the Earth rotated slower and the Earth day was 28 days? What if it were 2 days? What if we were tidally locked to the Sun? How hot would the bright side get, and how cold would the dark side get?

submitted by /u/mkosta
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Does anxiety increase blood pH level?

Posted: 09 Jul 2016 08:07 AM PDT

The context of this question is related to exercise endurance, running more specifically.
I don't have a scientific background, but after reading different articles, I went to the following conclusion:
When a person runs at anaerobic level of effort, the blood pH decreases. However, if this person becomes anxious, due to the fear of lack of oxygen for example, the blood pH is increased metabolically, which basically extends the capacity of performing the exercise.
That can be the explanation of endurance, if the idea is correct.
Am I right, or if not, what's wrong?

submitted by /u/george_i
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Why does Sunlight make you sleepy?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 10:07 PM PDT

How do you measure the volume of a chunk of space in curved spacetime?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 01:44 PM PDT

Specifically, I'm asking how you calculate it, not what tools you would use

submitted by /u/chunkylubber54
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When people say stars and nebulae are formed by gas and dust, what exactly is the dust?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 12:56 PM PDT

I understand that the gas is most likely hydrogen or helium because those are very simple structures. However, when someone refers to dust on earth that is usually specks of dirt (minerals like silica) or organic material (skin cells) which are much more complicated structures. So what exactly is this space dust made of?

submitted by /u/Dastardlydashing
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What is the behavior of a black hole's temperature?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 09:16 PM PDT

Do black holes have temperature at all? If so, how does one calculate its temperature, and what are the behaviors?

submitted by /u/thlst
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In what ways does the laws of physics break down in temperatures that exceed the Planck Temperature?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 11:52 PM PDT

Can anyone provide a few examples?

submitted by /u/great-nba-comment
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Maximum velocity for orbits / gravity assists within our solar system?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 08:49 PM PDT

I'm reading a book where spaceships slingshot around various planets to maintain velocity (no unobtainium gravity control). I was wondering what approximate velocity a ship/probe would be able to maintain in our solar system.

I can math out stable orbital velocities/altitudes, but slingshot manoeuvres confound me, and once relativity shows up I get completely lost (I'm only a materials guy!).

(As additional info, in the book they travel at ~ 0.6C after many weeks/months of acceleration at ~3g, and slingshot to maintain velocity. Way past escape velocity, but maybe they accelerate perpendicular to their velocity?)

submitted by /u/Toraeus
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A simple tomato freezing and unfreezing test shows me that this procedure destroys the tomato structure. Why are we then freezing humans for the future?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 10:35 AM PDT

Is it possible to have "less pressure than vacuum"?

Posted: 09 Jul 2016 12:18 AM PDT

Go under water, and you're experiencing a greater amount of pressure... hike up a mountain and you're under less pressure. Go to space, and you're in a vacuum (and probably dead if you could feel it).

Is there such a phenomenon where there is "negative" amounts of pressure (not negative pressure)...?

(think "is there another dimension other than the 3 we see, before we discovered there were more")

submitted by /u/tootleturtle
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Can Jet Stream behaviour be used as an indicator for climate change?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 09:23 AM PDT

After the confusion over this video (15:00) which had some mistakes, that the creator corrected in later videos: 1, 2 (15:00 each), I would like to know what relevance Jet Stream behaviour has in making any analysis of our climate system.

submitted by /u/deardevil1992
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Can someone explain what a "Memresistor" does in a circuit?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 08:57 AM PDT

I came across them today and in my 2 years of electrical engineering study I have never heard of them. Can someone explain their purpose, or what they even do?

submitted by /u/dfordean
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Why do cell phone displays (mainly the LCD portion) continue to work after there is a crack in them? Wouldn't the crack stop current flow?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 11:11 AM PDT
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Friday, July 8, 2016

Can "buildup" on scalp actually cause hair loss?

Can "buildup" on scalp actually cause hair loss?

Can "buildup" on scalp actually cause hair loss?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 09:08 PM PDT

There are tons of products marketed towards people with thinning hair that claim to function by cleansing the scalp of buildup and creating a healthy environment for hair growth. This is because they allege that buildup can essentially kill your hair follicles if it gets bad enough. Is this scientifically sound, or a bunch of cosmetology marketing bullshit?

submitted by /u/burf
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How do Owls turn their heads almost 360 degrees?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 03:59 AM PDT

I know it's a bit obscure but how do owls manage to rotate their heads without damaging the blood vessels and cutting of blood supply to their brains?

submitted by /u/moriago
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Why can't solid objects move through each other?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 04:15 AM PDT

Atoms are mostly empty space. Ernest Rutherford proved this with his famous gold foil experiment - there is a small, positively charged nucleus (which deflected the positively charged alpha particles), and negatively charged electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed energy levels. This explains why the alpha particles were able to move through the gold foil but also why some were deflected or reflected; most passed through the atoms' empty space, some were repelled by their nuclei, and other collided directly with the nuclei. So why is it that I can't move my hand directly though a solid surface? Surely the rate of collisions between the atoms in my hand and the atoms in the table would be so low given the ratio of empty space to space occupied by sub-atomic particles that my hand should pass through with minimal resistance, and if anything would get stuck 'inside' the object.

Of course, states of matter are determined by intermolecular bonds, meaning that 'solid' in a scientific sense means that the molecules in an object are joined together strongly, usually with a regular arrangement. Since sub-atomic particles are not made up of molecules themselves (as they are the fundamental components of matter), why do they act as solids, and why can I not pass my hand through a solid object without resistance, given that the objects are in fact mostly empty space?

submitted by /u/Vandoki42
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When we microwave food, why isn't the air in the microwave heated?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 11:19 PM PDT

How closely and with how much detail could astronomers see Jupiter in the 17th century?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 10:44 PM PDT

Are there any pictures of the view telescopes astronomers like Galileo or Giovanni Battista Riccioli would have had?

submitted by /u/drtyrannica
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Wouldn't an earthquake destroy the Channel Tunnel/any sort of Trans-Atlantic underground light rail or tunnel?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 03:28 AM PDT

Just thinking about the future of transportation and how we move goods in the future at speed and across great distances. But wouldn't any sort of underground tunnel a la

http://www.industrytap.com/transatlantic-meglev-train-would-be-largest-project-in-human-history/16108

be very easily destroyed by an earthquake?

submitted by /u/2sta
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What changes in out body when our reaction time improves?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 02:28 AM PDT

Why does Element 43 (Technetium) have no stable isotopes?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 11:38 PM PDT

How do fans cool you if they're blowing room temperature air on you?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 10:10 PM PDT

What elements/compounds give Jupiter its colors?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 06:55 PM PDT

The atmosphere is mostly hydrogren and helium, with some trace elements. What gives color to those swirling bands?

submitted by /u/Forever_Stoopit
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Can fluency in a language affect how we think?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 10:43 PM PDT

For example, if a person's main language is English, and he learns Spanish as well, but he is not as fluent in it. He is tasked to write an essay in spanish. Due to the fact that he is not as fluent in Spanish, will thinking and planning the essay in Spanish affect the content that he is able to produce (disregarding vocabulary) compared to if he planned the essay in English, then translated and wrote in Spanish?

A few weeks ago there was a post asking how people who don't know any languages think, and iirc their memories were significantly worse than those who knew a language. So, does your fluency in a language affect your thinking as well?

submitted by /u/plokmijnq
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[Computing] Is it possible for mobile cariers to throttle GPS based on what app requests the location?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 12:09 AM PDT

Can lobsters harvested in the Atlantic be released and survive in the Pacific Ocean?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 06:01 PM PDT

Basically can you put an atlantic lobster in the pacific ocean and it survive just fine?

submitted by /u/jeremycb29
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*If* cell phones cause cancer, what is the proposed mechanism by which it happens? How likely is this proposed mechanism?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 12:43 AM PDT

I remember reading "Physics for Future Scientists" by physicist Richard Muller many years ago, and seeing that he described the notion of cell phones causing cancer as pure bunk. But that does not seem like the consensus.

I've heard some people attribute cancer via cell phone not to radiation, but to heat. But surely, a shower is hotter than a cell phone, no?

I'm confused. Is there a reasonable proposed mechanism for explaining how cell phone use might cause cancer, or not?

My question ignores whether or not the data supports the claim that they do cause cancer. It might be the case that the data does show that they cause cancer, but that we don't understand the mechanism, for example. My question is purely about whether there is a reasonable proposed mechanism, or not.

submitted by /u/ShinyBaldMan
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Caffeine is a diuretic, sure, but just how strong is it?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 06:56 AM PDT

Everyone has heard at one point or another how quenching your thirst with a caffeinated beverage is a bad idea, since caffeine only exacerbates dehydration by encouraging the body to expel water.

But its diuretic effects have to be determined by dosage - and it stands to reason that there's a concentration per unit volume that would let you break even, or even beat the conventional wisdom.

I'm sure that kidney function is mediated by a billion other factors, but on the average day and in the average body, does the whole range of common caffeine doses (from coffee, soda, et cetera) really result in a net water loss? Just how diluted would a caffeinated drink need to be before you broke even?

Or is the conventional wisdom overblown?

submitted by /u/lumensimus
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What keeps radio-waves together?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 05:20 AM PDT

In all depictions the sine wave(or cosine?) is coupled with another wave, I thinks it's electric/magnetic field right? electro-magnetic radiation... I just wonder, I think I get how you generate the signal, a pulsing/oscillating "thing" antenna(?) but when the waves propagate, what keeps them together, or is that a generalization? Why isn't it like a ball on a string, spinning in a circle and snapping off following a tangential path unless affected by an external force like gravity (or internal).

submitted by /u/GreenAce92
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Would more raindrops hit the front windshield (slanted) of your car if you were stopped, driving at a constant speed, or accelerating (assuming constant rainfall)?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 08:25 PM PDT

Does the inclined plane of the windshield affect how many raindrops will hit your car in a set amount of time? Would the answer be the same for the top of your car (no incline)?

submitted by /u/amysantos882
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When/How was it discovered that "space" was a vacuum?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 07:49 PM PDT

There must have been some experiment/observation/discovery that lead to us knowing that the earth's atmosphere thins out and stops at some point. Does any one know how and when it happened?

submitted by /u/nik282000
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If we have a picture of high resolution and quality and store it JPEG format (which is lossy, and messes with the colors of individual pixels), will the average color of the entire image remain the same, or will it change? Most importantly, why would that be?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 06:47 PM PDT

Why is an asteroid ring a ring and not a sphere?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 01:16 PM PDT

Given that there's no "up or down" in space? I'm guessing the answer has something to do with the gravity of the asteroids themselves, but I just can't visualize how that would work. Can somebody help me out? I know nothing about this sort of thing.

submitted by /u/aiapapa
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What's the fundamental force behind diffusion?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 08:26 PM PDT

I have a feeling it's not gravity.

submitted by /u/EmceeQubed
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Can we predict, statistically, how often objects in the asteroid belt collide? And have we ever witnessed it happen?

Posted: 08 Jul 2016 03:37 AM PDT
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Thursday, July 7, 2016

In animals like octopuses and cuttlefish that die shortly after mating, what is it that kills them?

In animals like octopuses and cuttlefish that die shortly after mating, what is it that kills them?

In animals like octopuses and cuttlefish that die shortly after mating, what is it that kills them?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 01:56 AM PDT

In documentaries about cephalopods, sometimes footage is shown of octopuses and cuttlefish post-mating indicating that they die shortly afterwards. They usually look very disheveled, with their skin peeling off it looks as though they are literally disintegrating. What causes this, is it some sort of super fast aging process?

submitted by /u/SirGuyGrand
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Why do our limbs sometimes move in sudden involuntary movements when we're trying to drift off to sleep?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 04:31 AM PDT

Sometimes when I've been trying to drift off to sleep I've had one of my legs or sometimes both just suddenly move which sort of wakes me up abit more and frustrates me since I was comfy and the movement made me uncomfier. I've heard that it might be the brain trying to keep you awake, but surely when you're resting your body your brain should be trying to rest also?

submitted by /u/Sergeant_Steve
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Why does sleep deprivation lead to hallucinations?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 01:27 AM PDT

Will there be a temperature difference between: hot tea that I let sit for 5 minutes and then add cold milk to, or hot tea that I immediately add cold milk to then let sit for 5 minutes?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 06:50 AM PDT

I'm speaking in general here, but if you want specifics. Let's say the tea is 10 ounces, and starts at 100C, the milk is 2 ounces at 3C, and room temperature is 23C.

The different scenarios are:

  • one in which I immediately add the milk, and
  • one in which I wait till the five minutes is up before adding the milk.

In both cases I would take the temperature after five minutes have elapsed.

submitted by /u/turquoiserabbit
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If Google was using all their power to decrypt my sha256 12 letters password. How long would it take?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 01:25 AM PDT

Why are there thousands of islands in the Pacific, but only a handful in the Atlantic?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 02:37 AM PDT

If a fever is the body's way to fight infection, do people with a body temperature variation naturally higher than the average get sick less? If my natural body temperature is 98.7, will I get sick less than the average person?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 11:41 PM PDT

How do dogs pant without hyperventilating?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 12:19 PM PDT

They seem to be breathing in and out very fast. If a Human were to breathe at that rate we get dizzy

submitted by /u/yllier123
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There was a TIL I saw not long ago that stated that the core of the Sun was actually younger than the surface due to "the intense gravity". I thought, that as you got closer to a large structure like a planet or sun, the gravity diminished, so how is this statement true?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 12:53 AM PDT

Edit: By "large structures", I meant more massive structures. Apologies for my misnomer.

submitted by /u/iatetoomanysweets
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Why radiowaves can travel through walls, microwaves/visible light can't, but x-rays/gamma rays need lead walls to get blocked ?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 11:08 AM PDT

How does the SAT/ACT ensure that their tests are standardized despite using different questions for each new test?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 05:54 PM PDT

If every time someone takes the SAT or ACT a new test with different questions has to be used, how is any of it standardized? I know some of it comes down to asking similar but different questions but how do the test-makers account for these changes? Is it possible for me to compare two different tests taken at different times or does the "standardization" only apply to those who took the exact same test?

submitted by /u/ABiologicalQuest
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How do predator bugs learn how to hunt?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 06:02 AM PDT

This might sound like a broad question, but I'll preface it by saying that I marathon-ed some YouTube movies called "Monster Bug Wars" last night. I was pretty interested in the tactics that predator bugs can use to catch their prey, such as the Ogre-faced Spider actually casting a web net onto prey, how the Velvet Worm will spray its prey to pin it down, and how the Antlion actually digs itself into the ground to make a pit to catch incoming ants. It was also really interesting to see how some bugs were knowledgeable of their "opponent's" hunting tactics and dangerous points, like how spiders will try to wrap up an Assassin bug or a particularly dangerous ant by wrapping their mandibles shut so they can't harm the spider in its web.

My question is, how do they learn how to do this? I assume most bugs aren't around their mothers to learn like other larger animals, so how does the Ogre-face learn that "this is the way that the web has to be, and here's how to cast it," and how do other bugs recognize that "this is a spider, its fangs are super dangerous," with such small brains? Is it all learned, or pre-loaded into their brains at birth?

submitted by /u/X-Yz
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If I have no sense of taste, does my brain still experience the same satisfaction from eating sugar or other foods than if I had taste?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 08:46 PM PDT

Or does this satisfaction happen because of the taste?

submitted by /u/corey0317
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Is there a universal minimum angular velocity any spinning object needs to have in order for the gyroscopic effect to "take effect"?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 05:31 PM PDT

When a stable spinning object, such as a top or a bicycle wheel, drops below a certain angular velocity, obviously it loses stability, and falls over. I am wondering if there is a universal angular velocity any spinning object needs to have in order to be gyroscopically stable and what it is, or if it varies depending on things like the objects' moment of inertia or its angular momentum and how that minimum angular velocity would be calculated. I find gyroscopes pretty interesting, so I'm pretty curious to find out about this. Thank you for your responses :)

submitted by /u/OmegaDroid
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How does a leap second occur?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 12:35 AM PDT

I read in r/worldnews that at the end of the 2016 year there will be an extra second. How can this occur? Is there a change in the earth's orbit or a change in gravity?

submitted by /u/RandyStansDad
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If a circle is the most efficient shape in terms of area to perimeter, what is least efficient? Is there a 3D equivalent?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 11:12 AM PDT

What are isotones ?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 03:53 AM PDT

Is there a way to measure the "size" of space-time?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 05:55 PM PDT

I'm not entirely sure if I understand the concept correctly, so I apologize if this makes no sense. I was thinking about how big and old the universe is. Which lead me to think about the idea of time-space. So I was wondering how big-old is space-time? At first I thought (volume of universe) * (the age of the universe), but then I remembered that the volume of the universe isn't constant in time and time isn't constant within the space of the universe. Would you just double integrate the function V(t)*t(V) with respect to V and t?

Side question, do we know what region of the universe is the oldest? Youngest?

submitted by /u/IAm_The_Writer
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Why Is Gold So Rare? The Common Answer I Find Doesn't Add Up.

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 06:43 PM PDT

The common answer I hear is that atoms higher in the periodic table than Iron had to be made from supernovae (I get that.) And that as the mass of the atom increases more energy was needed to make it. Yet when I look at the periodic table I find Mercury and Lead right above Gold. It seems that Mercury and Lead are more abundant than Gold.

submitted by /u/laxisusous
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Does sponge absorb or adsorb water/liquid?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 02:09 AM PDT

Please give an explanation. Thanks

submitted by /u/Zonten77
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Antineutrinos or neutrinos?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 01:48 PM PDT

Are there more neutrinos or antineutrinos in the universe, as far as we know?

submitted by /u/neut3
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