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Thursday, July 7, 2016

In animals like octopuses and cuttlefish that die shortly after mating, what is it that kills them?

In animals like octopuses and cuttlefish that die shortly after mating, what is it that kills them?


In animals like octopuses and cuttlefish that die shortly after mating, what is it that kills them?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 01:56 AM PDT

In documentaries about cephalopods, sometimes footage is shown of octopuses and cuttlefish post-mating indicating that they die shortly afterwards. They usually look very disheveled, with their skin peeling off it looks as though they are literally disintegrating. What causes this, is it some sort of super fast aging process?

submitted by /u/SirGuyGrand
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Why do our limbs sometimes move in sudden involuntary movements when we're trying to drift off to sleep?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 04:31 AM PDT

Sometimes when I've been trying to drift off to sleep I've had one of my legs or sometimes both just suddenly move which sort of wakes me up abit more and frustrates me since I was comfy and the movement made me uncomfier. I've heard that it might be the brain trying to keep you awake, but surely when you're resting your body your brain should be trying to rest also?

submitted by /u/Sergeant_Steve
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Why does sleep deprivation lead to hallucinations?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 01:27 AM PDT

Will there be a temperature difference between: hot tea that I let sit for 5 minutes and then add cold milk to, or hot tea that I immediately add cold milk to then let sit for 5 minutes?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 06:50 AM PDT

I'm speaking in general here, but if you want specifics. Let's say the tea is 10 ounces, and starts at 100C, the milk is 2 ounces at 3C, and room temperature is 23C.

The different scenarios are:

  • one in which I immediately add the milk, and
  • one in which I wait till the five minutes is up before adding the milk.

In both cases I would take the temperature after five minutes have elapsed.

submitted by /u/turquoiserabbit
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If Google was using all their power to decrypt my sha256 12 letters password. How long would it take?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 01:25 AM PDT

Why are there thousands of islands in the Pacific, but only a handful in the Atlantic?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 02:37 AM PDT

If a fever is the body's way to fight infection, do people with a body temperature variation naturally higher than the average get sick less? If my natural body temperature is 98.7, will I get sick less than the average person?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 11:41 PM PDT

How do dogs pant without hyperventilating?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 12:19 PM PDT

They seem to be breathing in and out very fast. If a Human were to breathe at that rate we get dizzy

submitted by /u/yllier123
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There was a TIL I saw not long ago that stated that the core of the Sun was actually younger than the surface due to "the intense gravity". I thought, that as you got closer to a large structure like a planet or sun, the gravity diminished, so how is this statement true?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 12:53 AM PDT

Edit: By "large structures", I meant more massive structures. Apologies for my misnomer.

submitted by /u/iatetoomanysweets
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Why radiowaves can travel through walls, microwaves/visible light can't, but x-rays/gamma rays need lead walls to get blocked ?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 11:08 AM PDT

How does the SAT/ACT ensure that their tests are standardized despite using different questions for each new test?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 05:54 PM PDT

If every time someone takes the SAT or ACT a new test with different questions has to be used, how is any of it standardized? I know some of it comes down to asking similar but different questions but how do the test-makers account for these changes? Is it possible for me to compare two different tests taken at different times or does the "standardization" only apply to those who took the exact same test?

submitted by /u/ABiologicalQuest
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How do predator bugs learn how to hunt?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 06:02 AM PDT

This might sound like a broad question, but I'll preface it by saying that I marathon-ed some YouTube movies called "Monster Bug Wars" last night. I was pretty interested in the tactics that predator bugs can use to catch their prey, such as the Ogre-faced Spider actually casting a web net onto prey, how the Velvet Worm will spray its prey to pin it down, and how the Antlion actually digs itself into the ground to make a pit to catch incoming ants. It was also really interesting to see how some bugs were knowledgeable of their "opponent's" hunting tactics and dangerous points, like how spiders will try to wrap up an Assassin bug or a particularly dangerous ant by wrapping their mandibles shut so they can't harm the spider in its web.

My question is, how do they learn how to do this? I assume most bugs aren't around their mothers to learn like other larger animals, so how does the Ogre-face learn that "this is the way that the web has to be, and here's how to cast it," and how do other bugs recognize that "this is a spider, its fangs are super dangerous," with such small brains? Is it all learned, or pre-loaded into their brains at birth?

submitted by /u/X-Yz
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If I have no sense of taste, does my brain still experience the same satisfaction from eating sugar or other foods than if I had taste?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 08:46 PM PDT

Or does this satisfaction happen because of the taste?

submitted by /u/corey0317
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Is there a universal minimum angular velocity any spinning object needs to have in order for the gyroscopic effect to "take effect"?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 05:31 PM PDT

When a stable spinning object, such as a top or a bicycle wheel, drops below a certain angular velocity, obviously it loses stability, and falls over. I am wondering if there is a universal angular velocity any spinning object needs to have in order to be gyroscopically stable and what it is, or if it varies depending on things like the objects' moment of inertia or its angular momentum and how that minimum angular velocity would be calculated. I find gyroscopes pretty interesting, so I'm pretty curious to find out about this. Thank you for your responses :)

submitted by /u/OmegaDroid
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How does a leap second occur?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 12:35 AM PDT

I read in r/worldnews that at the end of the 2016 year there will be an extra second. How can this occur? Is there a change in the earth's orbit or a change in gravity?

submitted by /u/RandyStansDad
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If a circle is the most efficient shape in terms of area to perimeter, what is least efficient? Is there a 3D equivalent?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 11:12 AM PDT

What are isotones ?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 03:53 AM PDT

Is there a way to measure the "size" of space-time?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 05:55 PM PDT

I'm not entirely sure if I understand the concept correctly, so I apologize if this makes no sense. I was thinking about how big and old the universe is. Which lead me to think about the idea of time-space. So I was wondering how big-old is space-time? At first I thought (volume of universe) * (the age of the universe), but then I remembered that the volume of the universe isn't constant in time and time isn't constant within the space of the universe. Would you just double integrate the function V(t)*t(V) with respect to V and t?

Side question, do we know what region of the universe is the oldest? Youngest?

submitted by /u/IAm_The_Writer
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Why Is Gold So Rare? The Common Answer I Find Doesn't Add Up.

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 06:43 PM PDT

The common answer I hear is that atoms higher in the periodic table than Iron had to be made from supernovae (I get that.) And that as the mass of the atom increases more energy was needed to make it. Yet when I look at the periodic table I find Mercury and Lead right above Gold. It seems that Mercury and Lead are more abundant than Gold.

submitted by /u/laxisusous
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Does sponge absorb or adsorb water/liquid?

Posted: 07 Jul 2016 02:09 AM PDT

Please give an explanation. Thanks

submitted by /u/Zonten77
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Antineutrinos or neutrinos?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 01:48 PM PDT

Are there more neutrinos or antineutrinos in the universe, as far as we know?

submitted by /u/neut3
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Wednesday, July 6, 2016

If you are allergic to bees, does that mean you are allergic to all types of bees?

If you are allergic to bees, does that mean you are allergic to all types of bees?


If you are allergic to bees, does that mean you are allergic to all types of bees?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 06:12 AM PDT

Sorry if that's not the correct tag. I guess what I'm really asking is, do all bees have the same type of venom?

submitted by /u/Zar7792
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Do cables between Europe and the Americas have to account for the drift of the continents when being laid?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 07:53 AM PDT

Is there an optimal speed for conserving fuel?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 06:33 AM PDT

Lets say i have to drive 200km, and can reasonably drive anywhere from 90km/h to 140km/h for the whole distance. Would there be an optimal speed to conserve fuel? Would driving the fastest mean I'm burning fuel for less time? Or would i be putting more stress on the engine, thus being less efficient?

submitted by /u/Eye_Of_Gandalf
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Is it possible that all elements are radioactive at some point -- even if it took the age of the universe for just one atom to decay?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 06:01 AM PDT

How do we know that all elements aren't radioactive? It seems rather arbitrary that some elements are radioactive while others are not. Wouldn't proton decay be a form of radioactivity? What makes one element radioactive while another element or different isotope is not?

submitted by /u/Stuck_In_the_Matrix
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Why can't I run at full speed for long durations?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 06:24 AM PDT

I understand starting to sprint for a 5km run is not going to be efficient, but efficiency aside, why is there not a smooth curve of speed over time when you start running at full speed and you just get slower but you can run like that 'forever'?

For some reason I can hardly sprint for 50 meters and HAVE to stop running then. Maybe if a lion was chasing me I can do a bit better, but with a lion that's always just a bit slower than I am, I doubt I can sprint for even a kilometre if I really have to. What is the maximum distance/time that humans can sprint (without pacing)? Why is there a limit and can't we sprint forever albeit at a continuously reduced pace?

It seems like jogging may be the activity that mammals can do for long durations. Is sprinting something that is inherently 'damaging', like running nitro through your car all the time?

submitted by /u/kakpraatjies
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Do the beneficial microbes that live inside me have an "easy life" where they have unrestricted access to everything they want, or do they have to compete for resources like most other life forms on earth do?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 01:25 AM PDT

I just want to know if I'm being a good host.

submitted by /u/Gupperz
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Why do some birds hop and other birds, like eagles, walk with one foot in front of the other?

Posted: 05 Jul 2016 06:16 PM PDT

Is there a way compare the worth of some money ($5) across different countries and is there an index for this?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 12:14 AM PDT

It might be a weirdly-asked question, so I'll explain it here. Lets say my friend who came from Britain told me that he earns 2000 pounds a month and I come from Malaysia. I would not know how much that would be worth in Britain and the conversion to Malaysian currency tells me how much it's worth here, but I would not understand how much it would be worth for him. By worth I mean the value of that money relative to buying a particular thing, like RM0.20 for a candy.

I hope you get it, how would you/ is there a way to compare the worth of some money across different countries?

submitted by /u/TruthSpark
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NASA received message of Juno's successful orbit of Jupiter at 8:53 pm. PDT, July 4th. How are we able to tell when an satellite becomes 'captured' by a planet's gravitational field?

Posted: 05 Jul 2016 05:36 PM PDT

Hey guys. Awesome sub

While I am familiar with the basics of astronomy, I admit I'm shoddy with rocket science. When putting a satellite such as Juno in the orbit of a plant many, many millions of miles away, how exactly does one measure the relative speeds against that needed to fall into orbit? Jupiter has had several missions and the correct quantities are fined-tuned by now, but they had to figure out the first time.

submitted by /u/S_Jenk
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How exactly does a gravity assist work? And how is one able to accomplish such a feat?

Posted: 05 Jul 2016 08:55 PM PDT

How far back in time could a modern human travel and still understand the language?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 01:57 AM PDT

This can apply to any language that is spoken today.

submitted by /u/_____D34DP00L_____
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How does the thickness of skin change on the human body? For example is it a gradual change to different areas of the body or is there an immediate line where it changes in thickness?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 05:01 AM PDT

Can heavy-metal surgical implants, such as a titanium maxilla reconstructive plate or wire mesh produce any long-term neurological effects due to the deterioration of the implant? [Medicine]

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 02:30 AM PDT

Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 08:05 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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Are there any diseases that usually affects plants that could be passed on to animals (humans included) through consumption and cause an infection (fatal or otherwise)?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 04:17 AM PDT

Does evaporation rate have anything to do with temperature ?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 06:39 AM PDT

Does Dyslexia affect people who read in other scripts?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 02:51 AM PDT

So a little background. I'm an ESL teacher in South Korea, and I've noticed that some of my students show some signs of being dyslexic. They can read Korean perfectly fine but when it comes to reading English they have a really hard time. So I was wondering, does dyslexia affect people who use different scripts (such as hangul) or if it is isolated to Latin script?

submitted by /u/lduff100
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Do Brown Dwarfs have cores?

Posted: 05 Jul 2016 09:34 PM PDT

Since they're somewhere in between a star and gas giant, would a more star like brown dwarf lack a core, and more gas giant like brown dwarf have one? What about brown dwarfs smack dab in the middle?

submitted by /u/LeoBattlerOfSins_X84
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What determines the limites in IR and UV range of vision for humans ? Why does it seems to vary between people ?

Posted: 05 Jul 2016 01:04 PM PDT

Following the discussion here. /u/luckyluke193 and me were wondering about the upper limits of the human vision in the near infrared. Wikipedia only says that we are limited to about 750 nm. From my experience in the lab there seems to be people who can and people who can't see our 835 nm laser. Why is there variability there ?

submitted by /u/electric_ionland
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Do Solar Systems have to be formed from an accretion disk?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 04:27 AM PDT

Are there any solar systems we know have which have planets with perpendicular (or near perpendicular) orbits?

submitted by /u/Multivak
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Rising and falling of a liquid/water in another liquid/water. what determines it?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 04:19 AM PDT

Okay. So when people talks about one thing sinking or floating in another substance, they talk about density.

wood has a lower density than water, so it floats. same with ice and oil. even with gas, the same concept applies. why does a helium balloon fly up into the sky? because the density of helium is lower than air.

so, what all these example have in common is that density determines the outcome.

but so then why do some scientific talks talk about molecular weight? they even say "lighter/heavier than x" to talk about their moleuclar weights.

does molecular weight directly have something to do with it?

it seems like while density is always 100% correct on whether something rises/falls, basing it off molecular weight isnt always correct??? or is it?

submitted by /u/aaa111sss222
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How can a counterexample to the Collatz(3n+1) conjecture be for a sequence to go towards infinity?

Posted: 05 Jul 2016 06:35 PM PDT

According to this video https://youtu.be/K0yMyUn--0s?t=413 and other people, one way that the Collatz conjecture could be disproved is by finding a number that creates a loop such as 4 -> 2 -> 1 -> 4 -> 2 -> 1 ... or by finding a number that wanders off to infinity. What I don't understand is how it's even possible for any sequence to keep growing, given how the conjecture works. It states that every even number is divided by 2, and every odd is multiplied by 3, and then added by 1. So if you take any number, there's a 50% chance of it being even, and a 50% chance of it being odd. For every even number, there's a 50% chance that you can only divide by 2 one time. (2,6,10,14,18,22...) So every even number (after division by 2) has a 50% chance of becoming even, and a 50% chance of becoming odd. As for the 3n+1 part, that has a 100% chance of becoming an even number when n is odd. If evens have a 50% chance to become even again, and odds will always become even, it would seem that no matter what, you're always going to end up dividing by 2 more than you're going to be doing 3n+1. Would that not be a 2/3 chance to become even? Which would then mean it can't keep increasing forever?

If this post made you facepalm in any way, I apologize, I'm no mathematician.

submitted by /u/PurelyCreative
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Tuesday, July 5, 2016

Joey Chestnut ate 70 hotdogs in 10 minute today. What is your bodies reaction to 19,600 calories in that short of timespan?

Joey Chestnut ate 70 hotdogs in 10 minute today. What is your bodies reaction to 19,600 calories in that short of timespan?


Joey Chestnut ate 70 hotdogs in 10 minute today. What is your bodies reaction to 19,600 calories in that short of timespan?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 05:04 PM PDT

I just saw on ESPN that Joe Chestnut ate a stunning 70 hotdogs in 10 minutes. ESPN listed that as 19,600 calories (980% of daily value), 1,260 grams of fat (1,938% of daily value) and 54,600 mg's of sodium (2,275% of daily value). In honor of July 4th, how does your body react to such a massive intake of calories, sodium and fat?

submitted by /u/Villyfresh
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Of the non-radioactive elements, which is the most useless (i.e., has the FEWEST applications in industry / functions in nature)?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 12:37 PM PDT

If there was a planet with the same orbit and orbital period as the Earth but on the opposite side of the Sun would we ever detect it from Earth?

Posted: 05 Jul 2016 06:06 AM PDT

The passenger pigeon has been gone for nigh on a century now. What impact on the environment and ecological services has their dissapearance had? Has anything stepped in to take their place?

Posted: 05 Jul 2016 05:15 AM PDT

Passenger pigeons may have been the most abundant bird in North America at one time. What Filled The "Passenger Pigeon"-Shaped Hole In The Environment Afterwards, if anything? Do we have an idea of what ecological price was paid by losing that iconic species?

submitted by /u/Gargatua13013
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When consuming alcoholic drinks, how does our body know we've had too much, and makes us vomit?

Posted: 05 Jul 2016 12:56 AM PDT

Why is there such intense radiation around Jupiter?

Posted: 05 Jul 2016 12:03 AM PDT

From what I understand, Juno is about to get slammed with radiation which will slowly take out its instruments. What is the source and nature of this radiation? How would a human visiting Europa or Titan be able to withstand it?

submitted by /u/blissplus
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Whats a basic definition of a "world line", and how does an ergosphere effect it?

Posted: 05 Jul 2016 05:13 AM PDT

How does one time a photons movement?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 08:27 PM PDT

While reading Feynman's book "QED", he mentions that when drawing vectors for a photon that their angle is determined by a "stopwatch hand" which rotates depending on the frequency of the photon. What is exactly meant by this? I'm confused as to how light can be "timed," so-to-speak, if photons travel at the speed of light then wouldn't they not experience time? And how are photons timed in real life? (Feynman's explanations seem to pull arbitrary numbers out of the air)

submitted by /u/darkman9333
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How does ice exist on asteroids? Doesn't ice sublimate away in space?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 07:15 PM PDT

I thought water ice sublimated away in space, if so then how do asteroids have ice? Is there any way to make water ice exist in space? Like a coating or impurities or to cool it below the solid-liquid phase boundry (seems slightly absurd to cool something in space however).

Maybe I've been reading too much sci-fi but I was imagining the ice haulers from the Expanse series as little tugs with a glacier in tow.

Thoughts?

submitted by /u/thermochromatic
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Which part of the EM spectrum is used for fibre optic communication?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 07:51 PM PDT

Is it visible?

submitted by /u/scientiavulgaris
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Could someone give a simplified explanation for why matter cannot go faster than the speed of light?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 07:34 PM PDT

What is the genuine cause of the shrinkage of schizophrenic brain?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 06:38 PM PDT

I had googled and found many research papers and news indicating the shrinkage of schizophrenic brain.

Some researches associated brain shrinkage with schizophrenia itself - abnormal synaptic pruning.

Another researches associated brain shrinkage with chronic exposure to (certain?) antipsychotics. For example:

Question: What is the genuine cause of the shrinkage of schizophrenic brain? Currently is there a definitive explanation?

submitted by /u/wiseschizo
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How realistic is it to build/utilize Earths lagrangian points in near future?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 06:12 PM PDT

Specifically in L4 and L5, where gravity keeps things locked in place.

submitted by /u/Jonanonathan
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How do things dry in room temperature?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 07:28 PM PDT

This is probably the simplest question of the day but I've never been able to figure it out. Let's say for example that I have a terrible fever and after sleeping on my bed, leave the sheets soaking in sweat. If I sleep somewhere else, the bed is dry by morning, including (I assume) the inside of the mattress. It hasn't dripped onto my floor, the temperature was never high enough for evaporation, so how do these things dry on their own? I apologize if this question falls below the average intellectual standards of this subreddit

submitted by /u/jalen2467
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Why optic fiber is faster than copper cables ?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 06:45 PM PDT

I read that electrons flow in an electric conductor at 99% of the speed of light (not sure about it), and light travel inside an optic fiber at 100% of the speed of light (obviously)

So is that 1% responsible for the faster data transmission in the optic fiber ?

submitted by /u/noiseuli
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what is information (referring Black Hole Information Paradox)?

Posted: 05 Jul 2016 12:32 AM PDT

i understand the logic behind the conservation of matter and energy, but i just can't grasp my head around why the information about the state of a system needs to also be preserved. if i take an apple and I dismantle it until it is nothing but protons and electrons, how in the world is the information about its previous state conserved? i am trying to understand why it is so controversial that matter falls into a black hole and then it irradiates away as hawking radiation (without conserving the information about what that matter was)

submitted by /u/klakiti
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Can a column of water be so high that that the pressure developed at the very bottom forms the water into a solid?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 01:29 PM PDT

Wouldn't it be possible for there to be life under the surface of planets deemed "not habitable"?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 12:28 PM PDT

To expand on what I am saying, I am basically asking wouldn't it still be possible for life to exist on, say cold planets, deep below the surface where it starts to get warmer? Side note, why are we looking for certain life that need X or X to survive? Why aren't we looking literally everywhere? Sorry if I am dumb just curious :)

submitted by /u/ThaCoderMan
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According to the "Ladder Paradox" a ladder can fit into a too-small small garage through length contraction, but isn't length contraction only an illusion from being a stationary observer?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 06:44 PM PDT

Ladder Paradox

Ran into this on a wikipedia tangent, I'm lost here but as I understand it length contraction is only an illusion, the object isn't actually getting shorter from its own perspective, it just appears to be getting shorter to a stationary observer because of the tiny difference in time it takes for the light from the front of the object to reach the observer compared to the light from the back of the object, combined with the extreme speed of the object relative to the observer.

So if the ladder never actually physically gets shorter how can it fit into the garage?

submitted by /u/Wild_Bob
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Why is the spin of an electron equal to 1/2?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 09:21 AM PDT

What is the margin of error in terms of time for gravity assist missions?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 07:20 AM PDT

What I mean is, if we calculate that the satellite must be launched at X time to successfully follow the planned trajectory, will launching at X+15 minutes have a major effect? What about X+1 hour or X+1 day?

submitted by /u/the_jumping_brain
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