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Wednesday, July 6, 2016

If you are allergic to bees, does that mean you are allergic to all types of bees?

If you are allergic to bees, does that mean you are allergic to all types of bees?


If you are allergic to bees, does that mean you are allergic to all types of bees?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 06:12 AM PDT

Sorry if that's not the correct tag. I guess what I'm really asking is, do all bees have the same type of venom?

submitted by /u/Zar7792
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Do cables between Europe and the Americas have to account for the drift of the continents when being laid?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 07:53 AM PDT

Is there an optimal speed for conserving fuel?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 06:33 AM PDT

Lets say i have to drive 200km, and can reasonably drive anywhere from 90km/h to 140km/h for the whole distance. Would there be an optimal speed to conserve fuel? Would driving the fastest mean I'm burning fuel for less time? Or would i be putting more stress on the engine, thus being less efficient?

submitted by /u/Eye_Of_Gandalf
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Is it possible that all elements are radioactive at some point -- even if it took the age of the universe for just one atom to decay?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 06:01 AM PDT

How do we know that all elements aren't radioactive? It seems rather arbitrary that some elements are radioactive while others are not. Wouldn't proton decay be a form of radioactivity? What makes one element radioactive while another element or different isotope is not?

submitted by /u/Stuck_In_the_Matrix
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Why can't I run at full speed for long durations?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 06:24 AM PDT

I understand starting to sprint for a 5km run is not going to be efficient, but efficiency aside, why is there not a smooth curve of speed over time when you start running at full speed and you just get slower but you can run like that 'forever'?

For some reason I can hardly sprint for 50 meters and HAVE to stop running then. Maybe if a lion was chasing me I can do a bit better, but with a lion that's always just a bit slower than I am, I doubt I can sprint for even a kilometre if I really have to. What is the maximum distance/time that humans can sprint (without pacing)? Why is there a limit and can't we sprint forever albeit at a continuously reduced pace?

It seems like jogging may be the activity that mammals can do for long durations. Is sprinting something that is inherently 'damaging', like running nitro through your car all the time?

submitted by /u/kakpraatjies
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Do the beneficial microbes that live inside me have an "easy life" where they have unrestricted access to everything they want, or do they have to compete for resources like most other life forms on earth do?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 01:25 AM PDT

I just want to know if I'm being a good host.

submitted by /u/Gupperz
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Why do some birds hop and other birds, like eagles, walk with one foot in front of the other?

Posted: 05 Jul 2016 06:16 PM PDT

Is there a way compare the worth of some money ($5) across different countries and is there an index for this?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 12:14 AM PDT

It might be a weirdly-asked question, so I'll explain it here. Lets say my friend who came from Britain told me that he earns 2000 pounds a month and I come from Malaysia. I would not know how much that would be worth in Britain and the conversion to Malaysian currency tells me how much it's worth here, but I would not understand how much it would be worth for him. By worth I mean the value of that money relative to buying a particular thing, like RM0.20 for a candy.

I hope you get it, how would you/ is there a way to compare the worth of some money across different countries?

submitted by /u/TruthSpark
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NASA received message of Juno's successful orbit of Jupiter at 8:53 pm. PDT, July 4th. How are we able to tell when an satellite becomes 'captured' by a planet's gravitational field?

Posted: 05 Jul 2016 05:36 PM PDT

Hey guys. Awesome sub

While I am familiar with the basics of astronomy, I admit I'm shoddy with rocket science. When putting a satellite such as Juno in the orbit of a plant many, many millions of miles away, how exactly does one measure the relative speeds against that needed to fall into orbit? Jupiter has had several missions and the correct quantities are fined-tuned by now, but they had to figure out the first time.

submitted by /u/S_Jenk
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How exactly does a gravity assist work? And how is one able to accomplish such a feat?

Posted: 05 Jul 2016 08:55 PM PDT

How far back in time could a modern human travel and still understand the language?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 01:57 AM PDT

This can apply to any language that is spoken today.

submitted by /u/_____D34DP00L_____
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How does the thickness of skin change on the human body? For example is it a gradual change to different areas of the body or is there an immediate line where it changes in thickness?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 05:01 AM PDT

Can heavy-metal surgical implants, such as a titanium maxilla reconstructive plate or wire mesh produce any long-term neurological effects due to the deterioration of the implant? [Medicine]

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 02:30 AM PDT

Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 08:05 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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Are there any diseases that usually affects plants that could be passed on to animals (humans included) through consumption and cause an infection (fatal or otherwise)?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 04:17 AM PDT

Does evaporation rate have anything to do with temperature ?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 06:39 AM PDT

Does Dyslexia affect people who read in other scripts?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 02:51 AM PDT

So a little background. I'm an ESL teacher in South Korea, and I've noticed that some of my students show some signs of being dyslexic. They can read Korean perfectly fine but when it comes to reading English they have a really hard time. So I was wondering, does dyslexia affect people who use different scripts (such as hangul) or if it is isolated to Latin script?

submitted by /u/lduff100
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Do Brown Dwarfs have cores?

Posted: 05 Jul 2016 09:34 PM PDT

Since they're somewhere in between a star and gas giant, would a more star like brown dwarf lack a core, and more gas giant like brown dwarf have one? What about brown dwarfs smack dab in the middle?

submitted by /u/LeoBattlerOfSins_X84
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What determines the limites in IR and UV range of vision for humans ? Why does it seems to vary between people ?

Posted: 05 Jul 2016 01:04 PM PDT

Following the discussion here. /u/luckyluke193 and me were wondering about the upper limits of the human vision in the near infrared. Wikipedia only says that we are limited to about 750 nm. From my experience in the lab there seems to be people who can and people who can't see our 835 nm laser. Why is there variability there ?

submitted by /u/electric_ionland
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Do Solar Systems have to be formed from an accretion disk?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 04:27 AM PDT

Are there any solar systems we know have which have planets with perpendicular (or near perpendicular) orbits?

submitted by /u/Multivak
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Rising and falling of a liquid/water in another liquid/water. what determines it?

Posted: 06 Jul 2016 04:19 AM PDT

Okay. So when people talks about one thing sinking or floating in another substance, they talk about density.

wood has a lower density than water, so it floats. same with ice and oil. even with gas, the same concept applies. why does a helium balloon fly up into the sky? because the density of helium is lower than air.

so, what all these example have in common is that density determines the outcome.

but so then why do some scientific talks talk about molecular weight? they even say "lighter/heavier than x" to talk about their moleuclar weights.

does molecular weight directly have something to do with it?

it seems like while density is always 100% correct on whether something rises/falls, basing it off molecular weight isnt always correct??? or is it?

submitted by /u/aaa111sss222
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How can a counterexample to the Collatz(3n+1) conjecture be for a sequence to go towards infinity?

Posted: 05 Jul 2016 06:35 PM PDT

According to this video https://youtu.be/K0yMyUn--0s?t=413 and other people, one way that the Collatz conjecture could be disproved is by finding a number that creates a loop such as 4 -> 2 -> 1 -> 4 -> 2 -> 1 ... or by finding a number that wanders off to infinity. What I don't understand is how it's even possible for any sequence to keep growing, given how the conjecture works. It states that every even number is divided by 2, and every odd is multiplied by 3, and then added by 1. So if you take any number, there's a 50% chance of it being even, and a 50% chance of it being odd. For every even number, there's a 50% chance that you can only divide by 2 one time. (2,6,10,14,18,22...) So every even number (after division by 2) has a 50% chance of becoming even, and a 50% chance of becoming odd. As for the 3n+1 part, that has a 100% chance of becoming an even number when n is odd. If evens have a 50% chance to become even again, and odds will always become even, it would seem that no matter what, you're always going to end up dividing by 2 more than you're going to be doing 3n+1. Would that not be a 2/3 chance to become even? Which would then mean it can't keep increasing forever?

If this post made you facepalm in any way, I apologize, I'm no mathematician.

submitted by /u/PurelyCreative
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Tuesday, July 5, 2016

Joey Chestnut ate 70 hotdogs in 10 minute today. What is your bodies reaction to 19,600 calories in that short of timespan?

Joey Chestnut ate 70 hotdogs in 10 minute today. What is your bodies reaction to 19,600 calories in that short of timespan?


Joey Chestnut ate 70 hotdogs in 10 minute today. What is your bodies reaction to 19,600 calories in that short of timespan?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 05:04 PM PDT

I just saw on ESPN that Joe Chestnut ate a stunning 70 hotdogs in 10 minutes. ESPN listed that as 19,600 calories (980% of daily value), 1,260 grams of fat (1,938% of daily value) and 54,600 mg's of sodium (2,275% of daily value). In honor of July 4th, how does your body react to such a massive intake of calories, sodium and fat?

submitted by /u/Villyfresh
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Of the non-radioactive elements, which is the most useless (i.e., has the FEWEST applications in industry / functions in nature)?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 12:37 PM PDT

If there was a planet with the same orbit and orbital period as the Earth but on the opposite side of the Sun would we ever detect it from Earth?

Posted: 05 Jul 2016 06:06 AM PDT

The passenger pigeon has been gone for nigh on a century now. What impact on the environment and ecological services has their dissapearance had? Has anything stepped in to take their place?

Posted: 05 Jul 2016 05:15 AM PDT

Passenger pigeons may have been the most abundant bird in North America at one time. What Filled The "Passenger Pigeon"-Shaped Hole In The Environment Afterwards, if anything? Do we have an idea of what ecological price was paid by losing that iconic species?

submitted by /u/Gargatua13013
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When consuming alcoholic drinks, how does our body know we've had too much, and makes us vomit?

Posted: 05 Jul 2016 12:56 AM PDT

Why is there such intense radiation around Jupiter?

Posted: 05 Jul 2016 12:03 AM PDT

From what I understand, Juno is about to get slammed with radiation which will slowly take out its instruments. What is the source and nature of this radiation? How would a human visiting Europa or Titan be able to withstand it?

submitted by /u/blissplus
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Whats a basic definition of a "world line", and how does an ergosphere effect it?

Posted: 05 Jul 2016 05:13 AM PDT

How does one time a photons movement?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 08:27 PM PDT

While reading Feynman's book "QED", he mentions that when drawing vectors for a photon that their angle is determined by a "stopwatch hand" which rotates depending on the frequency of the photon. What is exactly meant by this? I'm confused as to how light can be "timed," so-to-speak, if photons travel at the speed of light then wouldn't they not experience time? And how are photons timed in real life? (Feynman's explanations seem to pull arbitrary numbers out of the air)

submitted by /u/darkman9333
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How does ice exist on asteroids? Doesn't ice sublimate away in space?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 07:15 PM PDT

I thought water ice sublimated away in space, if so then how do asteroids have ice? Is there any way to make water ice exist in space? Like a coating or impurities or to cool it below the solid-liquid phase boundry (seems slightly absurd to cool something in space however).

Maybe I've been reading too much sci-fi but I was imagining the ice haulers from the Expanse series as little tugs with a glacier in tow.

Thoughts?

submitted by /u/thermochromatic
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Which part of the EM spectrum is used for fibre optic communication?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 07:51 PM PDT

Is it visible?

submitted by /u/scientiavulgaris
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Could someone give a simplified explanation for why matter cannot go faster than the speed of light?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 07:34 PM PDT

What is the genuine cause of the shrinkage of schizophrenic brain?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 06:38 PM PDT

I had googled and found many research papers and news indicating the shrinkage of schizophrenic brain.

Some researches associated brain shrinkage with schizophrenia itself - abnormal synaptic pruning.

Another researches associated brain shrinkage with chronic exposure to (certain?) antipsychotics. For example:

Question: What is the genuine cause of the shrinkage of schizophrenic brain? Currently is there a definitive explanation?

submitted by /u/wiseschizo
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How realistic is it to build/utilize Earths lagrangian points in near future?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 06:12 PM PDT

Specifically in L4 and L5, where gravity keeps things locked in place.

submitted by /u/Jonanonathan
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How do things dry in room temperature?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 07:28 PM PDT

This is probably the simplest question of the day but I've never been able to figure it out. Let's say for example that I have a terrible fever and after sleeping on my bed, leave the sheets soaking in sweat. If I sleep somewhere else, the bed is dry by morning, including (I assume) the inside of the mattress. It hasn't dripped onto my floor, the temperature was never high enough for evaporation, so how do these things dry on their own? I apologize if this question falls below the average intellectual standards of this subreddit

submitted by /u/jalen2467
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Why optic fiber is faster than copper cables ?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 06:45 PM PDT

I read that electrons flow in an electric conductor at 99% of the speed of light (not sure about it), and light travel inside an optic fiber at 100% of the speed of light (obviously)

So is that 1% responsible for the faster data transmission in the optic fiber ?

submitted by /u/noiseuli
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what is information (referring Black Hole Information Paradox)?

Posted: 05 Jul 2016 12:32 AM PDT

i understand the logic behind the conservation of matter and energy, but i just can't grasp my head around why the information about the state of a system needs to also be preserved. if i take an apple and I dismantle it until it is nothing but protons and electrons, how in the world is the information about its previous state conserved? i am trying to understand why it is so controversial that matter falls into a black hole and then it irradiates away as hawking radiation (without conserving the information about what that matter was)

submitted by /u/klakiti
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Can a column of water be so high that that the pressure developed at the very bottom forms the water into a solid?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 01:29 PM PDT

Wouldn't it be possible for there to be life under the surface of planets deemed "not habitable"?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 12:28 PM PDT

To expand on what I am saying, I am basically asking wouldn't it still be possible for life to exist on, say cold planets, deep below the surface where it starts to get warmer? Side note, why are we looking for certain life that need X or X to survive? Why aren't we looking literally everywhere? Sorry if I am dumb just curious :)

submitted by /u/ThaCoderMan
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According to the "Ladder Paradox" a ladder can fit into a too-small small garage through length contraction, but isn't length contraction only an illusion from being a stationary observer?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 06:44 PM PDT

Ladder Paradox

Ran into this on a wikipedia tangent, I'm lost here but as I understand it length contraction is only an illusion, the object isn't actually getting shorter from its own perspective, it just appears to be getting shorter to a stationary observer because of the tiny difference in time it takes for the light from the front of the object to reach the observer compared to the light from the back of the object, combined with the extreme speed of the object relative to the observer.

So if the ladder never actually physically gets shorter how can it fit into the garage?

submitted by /u/Wild_Bob
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Why is the spin of an electron equal to 1/2?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 09:21 AM PDT

What is the margin of error in terms of time for gravity assist missions?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 07:20 AM PDT

What I mean is, if we calculate that the satellite must be launched at X time to successfully follow the planned trajectory, will launching at X+15 minutes have a major effect? What about X+1 hour or X+1 day?

submitted by /u/the_jumping_brain
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Monday, July 4, 2016

What exactly happens in our brain when we daydream/space out? Is it similar when we are sleeping?

What exactly happens in our brain when we daydream/space out? Is it similar when we are sleeping?


What exactly happens in our brain when we daydream/space out? Is it similar when we are sleeping?

Posted: 03 Jul 2016 10:13 PM PDT

Do all known species exhibit an approximately 50/50 distribution between male and female offspring or are some weighted toward one sex over the other?

Posted: 03 Jul 2016 06:02 PM PDT

Why are we the only animal with the need to wipe after we go to the bathroom?

Posted: 03 Jul 2016 02:31 PM PDT

If I don't wipe once I feel the burning sensation throughout the day, but pretty much every other animal has a "no wipe" policy. do all animals feel this and ignore it or is there an actual scientific explanation for why we need (or desire) to do something that other animals do not?

submitted by /u/Nathanburris
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I find myself in my spacesuit floating in space next to a space station. Is it possible for me to somehow "swim" to the space station from a standstill situation?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 12:43 AM PDT

*Zero gravity. *Zero speed (relavite to the space station). *100% vacuum. *No strings attached. *All I have is my body and it's normal ways to move.

Or am I doomed forever?

submitted by /u/VreemdeKwark
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If you construct a spaceship in orbit, does it even need to be aerodynamic at all? No atmosphere in space...

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 05:21 AM PDT

Couldn't an interstellar spacecraft by a huge blocky design, a la the Borg cube? With nothing to fly through there'd be no reason for spaceships to be sleek in design, right?

submitted by /u/2balls2strikes
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What Really Heat Is ?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 02:58 AM PDT

So I know the basis of heat but i have couple of questions about it. Since heat means kinetic energy of atoms, why would current in a wire cause it to heat when it is electrons that are moving, not atoms itself ? similar with it, why light heats things when it is still about electrons and not atom itself ?

submitted by /u/hanSulh
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What will the internet look like if humans inhabit multiple plantes?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 04:05 AM PDT

Will there be one for each planet seperate? Or can we connect different planets fast and with good quality, like we can connect continents?

submitted by /u/Proteus_Dagon
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Why do fillings or braces not present a danger in MRI scans?

Posted: 03 Jul 2016 05:00 PM PDT

As braces are usually steel and fillings are often a mercury, why does the strong magnetic field of an MRI machine not induce a magnetic field in these objects, either exerting a force on them or causing them to heat up through eddy currents? I realise they interfere with MRIs focused around their vicinity, but I don't understand why they don't present a health risk considering the strength of the magnetic field. Thanks!

submitted by /u/DanielDC88
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Why does Magnesium have a lower melting point than Calcium?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 01:41 AM PDT

I did some digging into this, and i cant find an answer. The difference in coordination, the melting points, atomisation energies. I just cant work it out.

submitted by /u/Dulcane
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[Medicine] How does rat poison, an anticoagulant, kill the rat if the rat is not bleeding?

Posted: 03 Jul 2016 03:09 PM PDT

As far as I'm aware, anticoagulants make it so the platelets cannot clot wounds, and therefore lead to excessive blood loss.

But if the rat isn't bleeding and therefore unable to lose blood, how does the poison still kill the rat?

submitted by /u/yosimba2000
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Why no Electromagnetic induction with a constant field?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 06:05 AM PDT

Why a constant magnetic field does not induct a electric field? I know the formulas and we all accept it, but i am having a hard time understanding this at the electron level. Ex: We have 2 wires and if the field changes in one it will induct a field in the another wire. What happens when you push electrons back and forth with acceleration? At constant motion there is no induction. Why?

submitted by /u/SoulSlayerPT
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Light waves change their frequency due to relativity effects, right? (redshift, blueshift). So I'm wandering, will radio waves become visible light at certain speeds? And can visible light turn X-ray?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 05:39 AM PDT

How is energy harnessed in a nuclear reactor?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 04:56 AM PDT

There seems to be a lot of information on the internet on how nuclear reactors -- and nuclear reactions -- work, but not on how they actually harness the energy that is released. Furthermore, most of the graphics online show this mysterious 'energy' releasing in a nuclear reaction.

submitted by /u/markamatu
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What exactly is libration?

Posted: 04 Jul 2016 12:40 AM PDT

I understand the effects of libration, but I'm having trouble visualizing it from a reference point outside the earth. Would it be accurate to explain libration as a body's axis 'swinging' away and toward a body it is orbiting, similar to a pendulum? Would that mean a point on its axis is fixed; a pivot point? In turn, would this pivot point never deviate from the body's orbit, drawing a perfect ellipse in space without the motions of libration?

Also, why is the Moon the only moon in our solar system that librates? Is libration rare? And does it require tidally locked bodies?

submitted by /u/Shattr
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What limits the magnification in microscope objectives?

Posted: 03 Jul 2016 03:10 PM PDT

I would like to understand why are optic microscope objective lenses limited in magnification and how is magnification connected to resolution.

submitted by /u/loumpagko
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In hyperbolic geometry, how big is a dodecahedron composed entirely of right angles?

Posted: 03 Jul 2016 02:01 PM PDT

Specifically, how far away are the vertices from the center, and how far away are the centers of the faces from the center? I tried to calculate it myself, but I'm getting a negative where I should get a positive.

I need to know the distance to the vertices on the Poincaré disk model, and the distance to the faces in terms of actual distance, but I can convert.

submitted by /u/DCarrier
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How do certain chemicals, like doxycycline, cause phototoxicity?

Posted: 03 Jul 2016 10:57 AM PDT

I recently read the instructions of doxycycline tablets and they mentioned that when you take those, you have to avoid direct sunlight as doxycycline increases sensitivity to UV light. I wondered why and the only explanation I could find is that it causes a phototoxic reaction. However, I could not find how exactly the chemical interacts with the normal UV reaction. Could anyone explain how this process works?

submitted by /u/beagann
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Can capillary action be used to draw water 'uphill'?

Posted: 03 Jul 2016 05:03 PM PDT

I was reading about capillary action and was curious to understand this effect more. Could it be used to draw water from a lower pool of water, to a higher elevation pool where you could then create a waterfall that deposits the water back into the lower pool?
 

The reason I was picturing this is if you could put a turbine by the waterfall to capture the water falling via gravity, thereby creating an endless cycle of water flowing up, water flowing down, and generating electricity from the whole system

 

Here is a graphic to help convey what my brain was picturing - http://i.imgur.com/HhchN9v.jpg

submitted by /u/3hackg
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To what extent does the taking of antibiotics interfere with the body's symbiotic relationship with bacteria?

Posted: 03 Jul 2016 10:33 PM PDT

When someone takes antibiotics to fight bacterial infections, doesn't doing so also kill off friendly bacteria like those that help in digestion? If so, how, & how long, does it take to recover?

submitted by /u/IGottaHandItToMe
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Is it possible to raise a number to the power of any real 2x2 matrix?

Posted: 03 Jul 2016 05:53 PM PDT

I know that complex numbers and split-complex numbers can be represented as both scalars and 2x2 matricies, and between them you can make just about every real-numbered 2x2 matrix.

Since you can use a complex number as an exponent, and presumably a split-complex number as well, does that mean that every real 2x2 matrix is fair game?

If so, is there an easy formula for doing so?

submitted by /u/chunkylubber54
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How is it possible to get the right phase when using intermetallic phases for 3d printing?

Posted: 03 Jul 2016 09:57 AM PDT

So today I heard a talk about new methods for the productions of prototypes which are used at BMW and it was told that also 3d printing of metals is used. So now me as a chemist thought that most the time actually inter metallic phases are used for airplanes and cars(I think so?) And so I thought that they would also use those intermetallic phases for 3d printing but I think a big challenge would be to get the right phase How is it achieved to get the desired phase? Or maybe it is pretty simple but I imagine it to be quite difficult because for the 3d printing process the used material has to be a fluid for a short time,right?

submitted by /u/Jablabla
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