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Thursday, June 9, 2016

Is there a limit to how many photons you can pack into a beam of defined width? Or to ask the other way - can an infinite number of photons occupy the same space?

Is there a limit to how many photons you can pack into a beam of defined width? Or to ask the other way - can an infinite number of photons occupy the same space?


Is there a limit to how many photons you can pack into a beam of defined width? Or to ask the other way - can an infinite number of photons occupy the same space?

Posted: 09 Jun 2016 05:06 AM PDT

How does sorting by "Relevance" work? How does a computer determine what's relevant and what isn't?

Posted: 09 Jun 2016 06:05 AM PDT

A lot of search tools let you change the thing you sort by. You can look at the most recent, the newest, or the most popular, and I can understand the criteria they're sorting by. But sometimes you have a sort by "relevance" option (like this), and I don't understand what that's doing.

And just to be specific, I'm not talking about algorithms like pagerank that can use outside information like cross linking to determine the weights of specific entries, but specifically something like reddit's search, that only has the entries themselves to determine relevance from. Unless, of course, that's how all of these relevance sorts work on the back end.

submitted by /u/therationalpi
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What is energy?

Posted: 08 Jun 2016 04:47 PM PDT

All of matter is just energy, we look at it closer and closer, and we get to something like quantum foam or the vacuum energy.

Isn't this just a measurement of energy? It doesn't really tell us what energy is.

So what exactly is energy?

submitted by /u/Raikounrlla
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Has there been any attempt to create one of the elements thought to be in the island of stability?

Posted: 08 Jun 2016 02:40 PM PDT

Is it even possible to create such large nuclei? How does one go about to create one?

submitted by /u/Angriestmanever
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What would happen if you took dry ice to the deepest part of the ocean?

Posted: 08 Jun 2016 05:47 PM PDT

Would it bubble just like it would in 5 feet of water or could the immense pressures keep it solid or force it to be a liquid instead of sublimating?

submitted by /u/SatanV2
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Anyone know where I can find a reference to cube/box (3D) in uniform electric field with numerical results?

Posted: 09 Jun 2016 01:50 AM PDT

Hi!

I hope this is the right subreddit. I'm doing simulations where we look at a conducting (aluminium) cube and its effects on the external uniform electric field (essentially parallel plates with a conducting object inbetween) and I'm having a really hard time finding any numerical results to compare with. A sphere was not a issue and simulations are agreeing with the analytical solution, but I also want to have some sort of reference to a cube/box in a field.

If anyone could point me in the right direction to an article or similar that would be very helpful.

submitted by /u/Cornelisen
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What is a "finite" Reynold number flow? As opposed to infinite?

Posted: 09 Jun 2016 06:18 AM PDT

This is in a paper I am reading. I understand that Reynold number is directly correlated with turbulence, so would an infinite Reynold number just mean something is infinitely turbulent? This seems pointless to say, since turbulence can't be infinite, correct?

Thanks.

I am flairing as Physics, but the paper I am reading is about biology, and this also has mathematics applications I suspect.

submitted by /u/asdf629
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Why does heat capacity generally goes up with temperature?

Posted: 08 Jun 2016 05:48 PM PDT

Hello Reddit, first time here! I understand that heat capacities need to go to infinity as one approaches the boiling/melting of a given substance, but why does it always have to increase? In other words, is there a physical explanation for why dCp/dT>0 for all T different from boiling/melting points?

submitted by /u/gustavohrg
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How do scientists still find new elements?

Posted: 09 Jun 2016 04:25 AM PDT

What is the difference between straight hair and curly hair?

Posted: 08 Jun 2016 03:06 PM PDT

I was wondering about the physical difference, if any, between curly hair and straight hair.

submitted by /u/Daersk
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How is it even possible to detect a star that's 13 billion light years away if inverse-square law is true, if my math is correct all the photons would dissipate (disperse) (not be detectable in a point in space) well before they reach even 1 billion ly in a 3 dimensional field?

Posted: 08 Jun 2016 12:54 PM PDT

How long does airway endothelial metaplasia take to develop?

Posted: 08 Jun 2016 04:27 PM PDT

I just read in my paramedic text book about simple squamous cells replacing columnar and cuboidal cells in the airway in chronic smokers. How long does this process take to occur and then return to normal?

submitted by /u/WalksOnSaline
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Does sound travel differently depending on how much light is present?

Posted: 08 Jun 2016 03:15 PM PDT

Rockets need to expell mass to go forward, but if you expell the mass at greater speed then less mass need to be expelled, couldn't Rockets just expell the mass at very high velocity to reduce the amount off mass needed to be carried?

Posted: 08 Jun 2016 02:51 PM PDT

The biggest problem with rockets is that they need to carry a large amount of fuel, but what I'm wondering is that a possible future solution to this is to use ion drives that use magnets to expell some amount off mass but to just use a nuclear reactor to increase the amount of energy in the magnets and expell the mass at higher speed to carry less off it.

Also could it then be possible to expell only a few particles at extremely high velocity to only have to carry an extremely low amount or am I missing something?

Now I know that you can't expell the mass at or beyond the speed of light but even then you can still add and ever increasing amount of energy and therefore momentum giving you greater thrust.

Is this possible or is there some physical reason of why it can't happen, I'm speaking from a purely hypothetical standpoint and using technology in the distant future, maybe using super conducting magnets or something.

I would love to know some thoughts on this.

Thank you

P. S. I'm new to reddit so I'd just like to say hi and sorry if I'm doing something wrong, I'm not too clear yet on the rules :)

submitted by /u/simonhugh94
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Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Posted: 08 Jun 2016 08:05 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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How do neurons fire phasically without ligand gated channels being opened? (as oppose to firing when glutamate binds their receptors)

Posted: 08 Jun 2016 03:31 PM PDT

How is the depolarization timed?

submitted by /u/medicinedelete
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Why do some planets have rings whereas others don't? Could Earth have a ring(s)?

Posted: 08 Jun 2016 10:29 AM PDT

I was just linked to NASA's Clean Air Study. Are there any known plants that would clean other toxins or even debris from the air?

Posted: 08 Jun 2016 02:54 PM PDT

NASA's study looked at benzene, formaldehyde, trichloroethylene, xylene, toluene, and ammonia.

Let me know if I should change the flair to chemistry.

submitted by /u/DaughterEarth
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How good were the optics in Galileo's telescope compared to today's cheap telescopes?

Posted: 08 Jun 2016 05:32 AM PDT

Amateur astronomers try to warn well-meaning parents away from the $50 Wal Mart telescopes, with good reason. However, the telescope that Galileo used would have had limited optics compared to what's available to a well-funded amateur today, and he saw quite a lot with it.

How would Galileo's telescope compare to the cheap end of today's models?

submitted by /u/frezik
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Is there a way to explain classical physics using quantum physics?

Posted: 08 Jun 2016 08:48 AM PDT

For instance, how are you able to explain how a box moves with applied force? Is quantum physics limited only to the very small?

submitted by /u/ChurchOfChung
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If I weigh X and add Y weight to my body during exercise, do I burn the same calories as a person who weights X+Y?

Posted: 08 Jun 2016 12:31 PM PDT

For example, suppose I weigh 200 pounds and add a 20 pound weighted vest to my body. Do I burn the calories of a 220-pound person, or am I burning the calories of a 200-pound person who is carrying around 20 pounds of weight? Or, is there even any difference?

submitted by /u/Me_for_President
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Why isn't the F-wave seen in Nerve Conduction Studies prevented by the refractory period?

Posted: 08 Jun 2016 10:15 AM PDT

From my understanding of action potentials this shouldn't be possible.

submitted by /u/ferretersmith
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Wednesday, June 8, 2016

What is the limit to space propulsion systems? why cant a spacecraft continuously accelerate to reach enormous speeds?

What is the limit to space propulsion systems? why cant a spacecraft continuously accelerate to reach enormous speeds?


What is the limit to space propulsion systems? why cant a spacecraft continuously accelerate to reach enormous speeds?

Posted: 07 Jun 2016 12:40 PM PDT

the way i understand it, you cant really slow down in space. So i'm wondering why its unfeasible to design a craft that can continuously accelerate (possibly using solar power) throughout its entire journey.

If this is possible, shouldn't it be fairly easy to send a spacecraft to other solar systems?

submitted by /u/Challenn
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Would a field that reduces your inertia violate any important laws of physics?

Posted: 07 Jun 2016 10:35 AM PDT

I was thinking about some sort of energy field that reduces the inertia of a body or area. I was wondering if this would violate any laws of physics. Specifically it wouldn't change gravity, so you couldn't violate the conservation of energy by building an overbalanced wheel.

The part I have questions about is conserving kinetic energy. It would also have to speed you up and slow you down as you turned it on and off to conserve kinetic energy. But does this fly in the face of relativity? Since as far as I know, you have different amounts of kinetic energy depending on the location of the observer, right?

You wouldn't be able to exceed lightspeed as that would either require a field that reduced your inertia to 0, or still require infinite energy.

So I suppose my question is would a field that reduced your inertia conserve kinetic energy if you sped up and slowed down as it increased and decreased in strength, or would that still break conservation of energy?

submitted by /u/zimirken
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There's a massive ball of water floating in space. How big does it need to be before its core becomes solid under its own pressure?

Posted: 08 Jun 2016 03:31 AM PDT

So under the assumption that - given enough pressure - liquid water can be compressed into a solid, lets imagine we have a massive ball of water floating in space. How big would that ball of water have to be before its core turned to ice due to the pressure of the rest of the water from every direction around it?

I'm guessing the temperature of the water will have a big effect on the answer. So we'll say the entire body of water is somehow kept at a steady temperature of 25'C (by all means use a different temperature - i'm just plucking an arbitrary example as a starting point).

submitted by /u/TheGrog1603
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What exactly is radiation?

Posted: 08 Jun 2016 12:29 AM PDT

  1. What is radiation? What is it made of?
  2. What determines how much energy it has? Amplitude of waves? Frequency?
  3. Why can we only see light on the EMS?
  4. Why only infrared carries heat?
  5. Are photons of different colours?
  6. What are alpha, beta, gamma particles? Do gamma particles make up gamma rays?

i have soo many questions. I want to become a physicist and have no clue to radiation. So wanted to start somewhere.

submitted by /u/shithappenedbrah
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How can the auto-focus feature on my cellphone's camera tell when a shot is in focus or not in focus?

Posted: 07 Jun 2016 05:09 PM PDT

It will sometimes take a moment and cycle through various focus levels, but it will very often settle on a good focus level. I can touch the screen to tell it where I want it to focus, and it will in most cases manage to do this. I don't understand how the computer can tell what is in focus and what is not in focus.

submitted by /u/MaggyMax
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What exactly are polynomials used for?

Posted: 07 Jun 2016 05:59 AM PDT

So I have been learning about polynomials in school for the past couple of weeks (graphing them) and our teacher told us that we won't need to actually use them later in life. So what exactly are they used for?

submitted by /u/Maaley
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(Physics and Chemistry) In density functional theory, the KS formulation derivation usually involves a Lagrange multiplier portion, what is the purpose of this step?

Posted: 07 Jun 2016 04:50 PM PDT

So I can follow the Hohenberg Kohn Theorems

E = E[n(r)] and E0[n(r)] = min <H> over n(r)

In a lot of derivations of the Kohn Sham equations, I see some steps involving the Lagrange multiplier method, but since we do not know how to write <T> explicitly as a functional of the density, it doesnt work out. This is done for both an electron non-interacting and interacting systems to show that they have the same form. The related SE equations are the KS equations.

  1. What is the purpose of the Lagrange multiplier portion of the derivation?

  2. Is the KS formulation just an perturbation-esque expansion with the non-interacting system as the starting point?

  3. Is whole exchange correlation functional just a consequence of sweeping everything we dont understand into one pile (the portion of the Kinetic energy missed by the non-interacting system, the election-electron self-interacting portion, the quantum election-electron interacting bits (having to do with electron being a fermion), etc)?

  4. How does the KS equations guaranteed an energy minimized electron density? (I think this is probably somewhat off topic, because this is probably related to variation calculus)

submitted by /u/Trollsofalabama
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How are the rotational speeds of planets determined?

Posted: 07 Jun 2016 03:13 PM PDT

I've heard about how it can take some planets longer to rotate once than complete their orbit, but how was this figured out?

submitted by /u/XcmByte
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Virtual particles annihilation, where are the photons?

Posted: 07 Jun 2016 04:39 PM PDT

I keep reading about pairs of particles and their anti particle being created then annihilating each other soon, so that the conservation of mass and energy is preserved. But, won't such annihilation also give off photons? For example, an electron and positron will give a photon.

So, why isn't empty space very bright?

submitted by /u/covor
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Can you identify the source of a radio transmission using trigonometry and the location of two known radio receivers? From novel 'All the Light you Cannot See'.

Posted: 07 Jun 2016 07:44 PM PDT

In Anthony Doerr's 'All the Light you Cannot See' the main character calculates the location of radio broadcasts using trigonometry. The character using two radio receivers is able to track the location of transmissions of illegal radio activity of members of the French resistance in german occupied france during WW2. The characters then proceed calculate with trigonometry the location of the radio transmission zero in on the source and eliminate the radio operators. Is this pure fiction or is something like this possible.

submitted by /u/ImNotFunny2
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If you hold a spring compressed for long enough, will it eventually hold that shape (ex. not uncompress when the force is removed)? If so, what has happened at a molecular level?

Posted: 07 Jun 2016 02:54 PM PDT

Hopefully I worded the title okay...

submitted by /u/Juno_Malone
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What is the reason for so few chemicals are liquid at room temperature?

Posted: 07 Jun 2016 02:08 PM PDT

Most liquids we see are water based. What is the reason there are so few non water based liquids? because there are lots of solids and lots of gasses but few liquids?

Is it because the range that chemicals are liquid is smaller than the range for them to be gas/solid and so whatever the temperature we would only find a few liquids? if so why is the range for liquid so small?

Is it because most things are liquid at a certain temperature range and we just happen the be at a temperature that is anomalous? if so why are most things liquid at whatever temperature is the normal liquid temp?

edit: eugh this title.

submitted by /u/ugotpauld
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Does a sub-atomic particle travelling in its own field produce a _wake_ in that field? Or is that too simplistic?

Posted: 07 Jun 2016 02:35 PM PDT

I made a very acidic PBS solution, how?

Posted: 07 Jun 2016 06:27 AM PDT

I do small dumb work for a lab and I had to make 1L of 20x PBS solution. The "recipe" I used was 4g of KCl, 4g of KH2PO4, 160g of NaCl and 43.2g of Na2HPO4, in mq water. The PH turned out to be 3.5!

A collegue gave me "another recipe", which turned out to be the exact same thing, same masses and compounds, but with Na2HPO4 - 7H2O instead of just Na2HPO4. I made that solution and the PH was 6.80, so totally normal according to my collegues.

Now, I thought hey, the issue must have been that I put way too much Na2HPO4 since it wasnt the hydrated mass, but apprently Na2HPO4 is "slightly basic", so the Ph should've been too basic, not too acidic... Right?

Am I fundamentally not understanding acids and bases, or did the issue have to come from something else, like using the wrong compound?

Thanks a lot

submitted by /u/QueenLadyGaga
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Where does our atmospheric oxygen come from?

Posted: 07 Jun 2016 01:21 PM PDT

Chemistry major here. I'm currently doing a literature study on manganese for a boring-ish group project I've been assigned, and my focus is on the biochemical properties of manganese.

Now, there's also a small presentation to be given about the project. During a practice talk with our supervising professor, I mentioned that virtually all atmospheric oxygen is produced by the (manganese-containing) Photosystem II enzyme complex, which is present in plants, bacteria and archaea.

The professor totally shot me down on this statement and said that I shouldn't include such populistic remarks in my bit. However, he refused to tell me why my remark was incorrect.

So, in short: if the Photosystem II enzyme complex isn't responsible for most of our atmospheric oxygen, what other things are out there?

submitted by /u/TheLarch1
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What would happen if 2 persons have the same public key for encryption? How is it prevented?

Posted: 07 Jun 2016 03:09 PM PDT

What would happen if 2 persons have the same public key for encryption, assuming same algorithm? How is that case prevented? Is it feasible to collect and build tables of known keys?

I know these questions are rather general, but right now I am not sure where and how to be more specific.

submitted by /u/danielcw189
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How can non-ionizing radiation affect matter like the receptors in my eye or chlorophyll?

Posted: 07 Jun 2016 07:00 AM PDT

Whenever I have the discussion about if EM radiation from phones can be damaging I use the argument that the energy of the photons is to low to affect our cells, it can only be converted to heat. I know that blue light has enough energy to free electrons form a metal surface, but not green or red. How can we perceive these colors when the energy is so low? And is there a possibility that EM radiation can bring changes to our cells?

submitted by /u/Faultybrains
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If Earth's gravity suddenly desappeared, would my body feel the gravitational pull from the Sun?

Posted: 07 Jun 2016 02:57 PM PDT

Tuesday, June 7, 2016

If atoms are 99% 'empty space', how big would the universe be if we compressed every atom down to it's most space efficient arrangement, essentially leaving no space between particles?

If atoms are 99% 'empty space', how big would the universe be if we compressed every atom down to it's most space efficient arrangement, essentially leaving no space between particles?


If atoms are 99% 'empty space', how big would the universe be if we compressed every atom down to it's most space efficient arrangement, essentially leaving no space between particles?

Posted: 06 Jun 2016 04:00 PM PDT

Or our observable universe, whatever is easy to speculate on... My thoughts were that perhaps the universe would become small enough to resemble what was present before the big bang, and the expansion between everything has just taken a very slow and long time (the rate at which our universe is expanding now?) and appears to have "exploded", hence the Big Bang...

submitted by /u/Hello-Universe
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We don't feel the earth spinning because it is constant. Yet it is fastest at the equator and gets slower as you move away from it. My question is how come no one ever notices the increase or decrease when traveling towards the equator or away from the equator?

Posted: 06 Jun 2016 07:46 PM PDT

Why do some objects emit a 'pitchless' sound when hit, and others a 'tuned' sound?

Posted: 06 Jun 2016 12:25 PM PDT

If you hit a table, it makes a noise, but not one that you could apply a conventional pitch (like G#) to. If you hit a xylophone it makes a very clear, discernable tone that you can easily assign a note to.

Why is this the case?

submitted by /u/silverben10
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Are organisms that regrow appendages like flatworms and starfish at risk of diseases like cancer?

Posted: 06 Jun 2016 08:40 AM PDT

On a rotating object, such as a ceiling fan, does the outermost tip of the fan blade move at a faster velocity than the point that's closest to the center since it has a larger circumference to travel?

Posted: 07 Jun 2016 04:48 AM PDT

For a given volume, are magnets with a larger surface area stronger than ones with a smaller surface area (in the direction of magnetization)?

Posted: 06 Jun 2016 08:29 PM PDT

For ex take 2 cylindrical magnets that are axially magnetized, would the one that has the larger flat surfaces but shorter cylindrical length be stronger/weaker/same as the one w/ smaller surfaces but longer cylindrical length? Thanks!

submitted by /u/clitbeastwood
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Besides nitrogen fixing bacteria what other non-plants use atmospheric nitrogen?

Posted: 06 Jun 2016 07:07 PM PDT

I've been trying to understand the nitrogen cycle, particularly as it relates to organic gardening. Compost, manure, various meals, etc get added to the soil to increase the levels of ammonia, urea and other nitrates in the soil.

It is my understanding that most of that nitrogen came from directly or indirectly eating plants. Do animals besides bacteria perform any nitrogen fixing? Or is the dissolved nitrogen gas in the body just a side effect of living on earth with no biological purpose in our blood?

submitted by /u/Snewzie
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Mathematicians/cryptographers, what is the significance of the three-number security code on a credit card? Wouldn't it be just as effective to add 3 more numbers onto the credit card number?

Posted: 06 Jun 2016 07:29 PM PDT

Would the gravitational waves from the Shoemaker–Levy 9 comet's collision with Jupiter have been large enough to register?

Posted: 06 Jun 2016 07:48 PM PDT

Why are random access speeds of flash memory different from their sequential access speeds?

Posted: 06 Jun 2016 08:57 AM PDT

I understand that on rotational disks, sequential reads and writes are faster than random ones because the head is already in place to read sector B after it reads sector A, and moving over to sector Z takes time. But a flash device has no moving parts. Why is reading page A followed by page B faster than reading page A followed by page Z?

submitted by /u/notverycreative1
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Is it possible, or even desirable, to make wells to recharge aquifers, like this sinkhole near San Antonio?

Posted: 06 Jun 2016 11:00 PM PDT

Here's a video of water gushing down a sinkhole into the Edwards Aquifer west of San Antonio, TX. Pretty often we're warned that aquifers on the plains, like the Edwards and Ogallala, are on the verge of being emptied, but meanwhile when it rains, most of the runoff goes into the ocean.

What would be the negatives of making artificial means to recharge aquifers during rainy spells, so you'd have water to use during droughts?

submitted by /u/mutatron
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Are magnetic metals still magnetic when molten?

Posted: 06 Jun 2016 10:38 AM PDT

i.e. if I melt down a bunch of steel, will the molten steel still be magnetic?

submitted by /u/Yazman
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What's the chance of having drunk the same water molecule twice?

Posted: 05 Jun 2016 06:27 AM PDT

[physics] can exist a spherical configuration of matter, in which for every radius the mean density of the sphere be equall to the density needed to the creation of a black hole?

Posted: 07 Jun 2016 04:20 AM PDT

Citing directly the Wikipedia article https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzschild_radius

"An object of any density can be large enough to fall within its own Schwarzschild radius,"

So, is possible to make a configuration that have two distinct radius of schwarzschild? A configuration that have infinite?

What would happen in this situation?

Even this: can I throw matter around a black hole in a way that another bigger black hole be created around the first?

Thanks in regards!

submitted by /u/daniel_h_r
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Why do glasses and ceramics dry quickly, but plastic tupperware stays wet?

Posted: 06 Jun 2016 07:24 AM PDT

Are there any effective means to slow memory loss in the elderly?

Posted: 06 Jun 2016 03:41 PM PDT

My father is 70 years old and beginning to have noticably worse memory. His mother (early 90's) has pretty severe dementia, but we don't know if my father is getting the early symptoms of dementia or simply age-related memory loss.

In either case, the internet is full of "memory enhancement" gimmicks and pills, but is there anything that is actually effective that I can recommend to him?

submitted by /u/entirelyalive
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Can a neutron star become a black hole?

Posted: 06 Jun 2016 07:02 AM PDT

Why do solar panels use semiconductors such as silicon? Why not just regular conductors?

Posted: 06 Jun 2016 07:49 PM PDT

Would it have anything to do with being able to dope the material as is done with silicon?

submitted by /u/PrimalBidoof
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Are earthquake P-Waves audible?

Posted: 06 Jun 2016 10:10 AM PDT

I had a pretty cool experience this weekend that has started a bit of a debate between a friend and myself. Hopefully you all can resolve it!

Saturday morning, I was camping in the Santa cruz mountains above the Silicon Valley in california. At about 6AM I was in my tent, in the middle of the forest, with my head on my camp (air) pillow when I heard a distinct "pop" followed by what can only be described as a low frequency "twang" that smoothly shifted downward in frequency. About a second to a second and a half later, the ground moved. The sound level for the twang was actually fairly high. Those of us still in our sleeping bags on the ground heard it very distinctly, but several in our group were standing up and heard it as well...though they described it as being substantially fainter. If we'd been anywhere other than a dead silent forest at 6AM, we probably wouldn't have heard it at all.

As it turned out, we were camped about a kilometer from the epicenter of this earthquake: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/nc72645676#general, http://scedc.caltech.edu/recent/Quakes/nc72645676.html. It was a little one, but sitting at ground zero of a 3.4 definitely wakes you up!

This has touched off a bit of a debate between one of my fellow campers and myself. He believes that the "pop" and "twang" were higher frequency sound waves generated by the original fracture and release of tension, propagated through the ground and into the air. I argued that it was more likely that the early P-Waves from the quake simply created enough movement to generate sound (by friction) in the soil and rock immediately around us, and that the noise wasn't from the rock fracture itself. He countered with a couple of links claiming that P-Waves occur at frequencies far below the range of human hearing, and that they couldn't have caused the sound.

So, the question: What did we hear? Were they P-Waves? What can make the ground "twang" before it moves? Do I owe him a beer?

submitted by /u/codefyre
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Do animals get sickle cell anemia?

Posted: 06 Jun 2016 06:49 PM PDT

I read before that there was genetic testing done on rats with sickle cell anemia but I'm unsure if that was natural or not. And if animals do get sickle cell, what animals are afflicted with the disease?

submitted by /u/Prince_Silk
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Why doesn't the temperature of a gas dissapate as quickly as its pressure in an open system?

Posted: 06 Jun 2016 08:32 AM PDT

If pressure and temperature of a gas are directly proportional given closed system, why doesn't heat escape an open system as quickly as pressure?

Example, an oven will remain hot for several minutes even if you open the doors. If the air in the oven was under pressure, it would immediately equalize the second you opened the door. Well, wouldn't the pressure of the oven be high if the temperature was high? And so shouldn't the heat in the oven quickly dissipate as soon as you open the door?

submitted by /u/MpMerv
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Why does spectral violet seems to have a red hue?

Posted: 06 Jun 2016 02:13 PM PDT

I've seen several threads here discussing this already, but none seems to have a conclusion.

Looking at this article: http://www.huevaluechroma.com/032.php , considering the spectral absorbency of the cones, there's no much sense in thinking that the red cone gets excited from spectral violet, unlike what the CIEE colour matching diagram looks like https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/CIE_1931_XYZ_Color_Matching_Functions.svg/325px-CIE_1931_XYZ_Color_Matching_Functions.svg.png .

The colour zone theory on that same article shows a explanation for that, but i didn't get why does r/g get's positive in the violet area. y/b getting negative makes total sense, once the M and L cones are getting less and less activated while the S gets more. But why does r/g get positive, if there's no more light being absorbed by the L cones than by the M cones on that area?

Thanks!

(Note: This is a repost, the first post apparently got a bug, it was shown as normal for me, but only for me. It was shown as removed for others users and non-users, so i removed it.)

submitted by /u/guferr
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