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Tuesday, April 5, 2016

If I have a column of water 100' tall and 2 meters in diameter and I scuba dive to the bottom of that, is the pressure the same as if I were 100' down in the ocean?

If I have a column of water 100' tall and 2 meters in diameter and I scuba dive to the bottom of that, is the pressure the same as if I were 100' down in the ocean?


If I have a column of water 100' tall and 2 meters in diameter and I scuba dive to the bottom of that, is the pressure the same as if I were 100' down in the ocean?

Posted: 04 Apr 2016 08:37 AM PDT

I went to the aquarium this week and while watching the fish in the tank, I wondered if the pressure was the same at the bottom of the tank as in the ocean. I know pressure doubles increases by 1 atm roughly every 33 feet, so in the ocean the pressure at 100' should be about 3 4 atm. Is it the same in a tank?

edited for accuracy...

submitted by /u/DavidTigerFan
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Why do the laws of thermodynamics seem to be immutable by time, gravity, etc.?

Posted: 05 Apr 2016 04:14 AM PDT

In the past 200 years of science we have seen that many laws of nature have an limit when confronted with high acceleration, immense gravity fields, high energy/heat, etc. Only thermodynamics we seem to have an undying faith that it will never change or break down. In many discussions related to black holes, the death and potential rebirth of our universe, etc - the obedience of thermodynamics is a primary concern (see for exmaple https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe#Big_Crunch). Compared to other laws of nature that scientists seem to have doubts over if they will even function properly under similar conditions.

submitted by /u/a_is_for_a
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Why can we digest fats but not plastics when both are mostly hydrocarbon chains?

Posted: 05 Apr 2016 12:04 AM PDT

For example, some saturated fats differ from polyethylene only in the chain end group (and total length). Is 'cracking' that end group the key to unraveling the rest of the chain? If so, what's so hard about breaking an extra C-H bond?

submitted by /u/bnoooogers
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How did beavers pass down the ability to build dams?

Posted: 04 Apr 2016 08:21 PM PDT

What is the difference between general and special relativity?

Posted: 04 Apr 2016 05:14 PM PDT

will mass from a Neutron star "expand" into known elements if removed from the gravitational effects of the star ?

Posted: 04 Apr 2016 03:43 PM PDT

so I kind of understand that its Neutronium and basically matter made of only neutrons. but if I take the 100T teaspoon of the matter and lift it from the gravitational effects of the star would it just explode ? steal electrons/protons from anything around it or would it "decay" like a radioactive into other elements ?

submitted by /u/electronicat
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What is the smallest possible Goldilocks zone for any star?

Posted: 04 Apr 2016 10:27 PM PDT

I just finished reading the second Ringworld book and it got me thinking about the smallest possible Ringworld that could be built and inhabited. Niven's Ringworld has a circumference just slightly larger than Earth's orbit (5.9x108 versus 5.84x108 miles). If it was as wide as the Earth is from pole to pole (it is actually much larger), the ring would still have 76 thousand times the surface area of Earth. (Using a series of rough math and quick googling.)

submitted by /u/leadchipmunk
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Which is more toxic Br or Cl gas and why?

Posted: 05 Apr 2016 03:25 AM PDT

I'm trying to understand in basic chemistry my understanding is that both of these gasses are found in molecular form so from what I understand molecular should be relatively stable with a full octet.

however from what I understand they are highly toxic, why is that?

submitted by /u/Centipede9000
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Why does the Milky Way make a U shape across the sky?

Posted: 04 Apr 2016 04:23 PM PDT

If we're on the outside of a flat disk looking toward the center, you would expect it to be straight across, but it takes up a U shape across the sky?

submitted by /u/sjwsgonnasjw
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Why is the Doppler shift equation for mechanical waves different for a moving emitter and a moving listener?

Posted: 04 Apr 2016 02:54 PM PDT

Intuitively, it seems like they should be identical.

submitted by /u/hannawillneverfindme
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How to describe the interactions between two wave functions?

Posted: 04 Apr 2016 03:19 PM PDT

In all the examples I found, one derives only the wavefunction of one unknown particle. The probably most popular example is the electron in the potential of a hydrogen atom, where the potential is described by letting the proton is thought to be at rest. But that neglects the wave function of the proton, that of course also behaves according to quantum mechanics. This leads me to the conclusion that we got to have a way to describe the interaction of two (EDIT: multiple) particles, described with their wave function.

submitted by /u/WorldsBegin
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Is there a conflict between Klein's paradox and Black holes?

Posted: 04 Apr 2016 02:09 PM PDT

I've recently discovered Klein paradox . It appears to be in conflict with the idea of a black hole, or is this illusory only? (My hypothesis is there is no potential barrier in black holes at all, but I'm not sure)

submitted by /u/darkmighty
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what would happen if one stopped having social contacts?

Posted: 04 Apr 2016 12:54 PM PDT

Is social interaction a natural need like eating and drinking?

submitted by /u/wjwwjw
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If I had a steel tube, say 2" in diameter, vacuum sealed and 30,000' high and dropped a marble down it, would that marble create a huge crater bursting through the bottom into the earth since terminal velocity has been removed?

Posted: 04 Apr 2016 11:01 AM PDT

How does proton decay time work?

Posted: 04 Apr 2016 10:27 AM PDT

I understand the basics of particle decay, but I'm a little confused as to the extremely long decay time of the proton (longer than the age of the universe itself). What causes a particle to undergo an extremely long time for decay as compared to more instable particles, which decay in fractions of a second? And does it mean that matter will all sort of... eventually disappear?

submitted by /u/annadane
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Why is the sphere of influence of a planet like Neptune or Saturn larger than that of Jupiter?

Posted: 04 Apr 2016 07:20 AM PDT

Apologies if this ends up being a double post, I asked the question about 5 days prior, but it appears not to have been posted, and I was unable to find in while searching this sub-reddit.

I'd like to start by prefacing that my knowledge of this topic is relatively limited, and entirely self-taught.

In reading up on a whole bunch of different aspects of astrodynamics, I came across the concepts of sphere of influence, Lagrangian points, etc., and while I've come to understand most of what I am reading, I'm a bit unclear on why the sphere of influence of a large planet like Jupiter, would be smaller than that of a smaller planet like Saturn or Neptune (source is Wikipedia)).

My theories are that is has to do with the density of the planet (?), or maybe it's proximity to the Sun (?), but alas, I am not actually sure.

submitted by /u/auburnquill
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Why does the Jacobian for polar coordinates looks similar to the rotation matrix around the z-axis?

Posted: 04 Apr 2016 09:37 AM PDT

The only difference being the radius rho

submitted by /u/En_Taro_Adun
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Are quarks and electrons really indivisible?

Posted: 04 Apr 2016 01:11 PM PDT

I read somewhere that quarks and electrons are indivisible. How can we know that? As far as I know, the term "atom" means indivisible in greek, which shows we once thought the atom was indivisible as well. It's hard for me to understand how something can exist without being made of anything else, it just exists.

submitted by /u/pedmacedo
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Monday, April 4, 2016

How do surgeons attach a donated piece of liver to a patient's circulatory system when it's "cut out" from a living donor?

How do surgeons attach a donated piece of liver to a patient's circulatory system when it's "cut out" from a living donor?


How do surgeons attach a donated piece of liver to a patient's circulatory system when it's "cut out" from a living donor?

Posted: 03 Apr 2016 05:54 PM PDT

Why do rabbits hop, even over short distances? Is it something about their bones and muscles, or could a rabbit be trained to walk?

Posted: 03 Apr 2016 06:56 PM PDT

I've never seen a rabbit attempt to walk. Even if they only need to reach some grass that's just barely out of reach, they move both front legs, and then hop their back legs.

Is there something about rabbit physiology that makes them hop? Do their bones and muscles make walking difficult?

submitted by /u/ImSomebodyNow
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Why do solar panels use Silicon cells rather than a metal with a lower work function, such as Cesium/Caesium?

Posted: 03 Apr 2016 09:37 AM PDT

Silicon has a work function of 4.05eV, whereas Cesium/Caesium which is 2.1eV. Surely solar panels made with one of the many other metals with a lower work function would produce a higher electrical output?

submitted by /u/tommlangleyy
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On a cellular level, what's the difference between tough skin like what's on the souls of our feet, and more sensitive/fragile skin like our lips, eyelids or...other bits?

Posted: 03 Apr 2016 09:16 AM PDT

What exactly does the Yang-Mills and Mass Gap problem attempt to explain and why is it so difficult to solve?

Posted: 03 Apr 2016 08:25 PM PDT

Why is playing games fun?

Posted: 03 Apr 2016 09:28 AM PDT

I understand why eating food, or having sex can gives us pleasure, since it makes sense biologically, we need to do those things to survive and procreate, but why does playing games gives us "pleasure"?
And to be a bit more general, why are some things satisfying and others aren't? Like watching a good movie and watching a bad movie.

Is our brain capable of training itself to feel pleasure from activities that would otherwise not cause any pleasure?

submitted by /u/2Punx2Furious
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Can we say that the efficiency of an heating device (in term of energy converted) is 100% ?

Posted: 03 Apr 2016 08:34 AM PDT

Usually when converting energy from one 'kind' to another (electrical to mechanical, thermal to electrical, etc.) there are always losses and most of the time, it is thermal loss (friction, Joule effect, ...) But if the purpose of the conversion is to heat stuff up, then it is not really 'loss', is it ? And then the ratio of 'useful energy output' from energy input can be considered 100% ?

submitted by /u/Omfraax
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Why do the walls in this Redbull can start to buckle outward at even locations under a hydraullic press? (Link inside)

Posted: 03 Apr 2016 04:49 PM PDT

Have we been able to bond any noble gas element with any metal, and if so, what is the longest we've been able to maintain this bond?

Posted: 03 Apr 2016 06:27 PM PDT

Just wondering if there are any computational, theoretical, or experimental areas as far as this subject goes. I'm a applied math student who will be attending school for graduate level physics next semester, and I'm very interested in this subject. Very specific on the noble gas + metal, for example argon and gold or something of that nature. Maybe some sort of high vacuum and high energy process to create these bonds, if only temporarily. Thanks in advance for any answers!

submitted by /u/MrMcMoo
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What stops the successive hits and jerky movements of running and jumping from causing brain damage?

Posted: 03 Apr 2016 06:15 PM PDT

How do tree cells know to divide primarily upward and only a little bit outward?

Posted: 03 Apr 2016 06:09 PM PDT

Trees will grow feet upward each year, but only a millimeter or two outward. If cells were to divide randomly, I would assume trees would be like wooden balls, so the cells clearly don't just divide in random directions. Are there internal mechanisms inside each cell that let them know which direction is which?

submitted by /u/IronicCompound
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What is it about water or bismuth that makes it expand when it freezes?

Posted: 03 Apr 2016 04:48 PM PDT

Water expands when it turns into ice, and that's how ice weathering works. But what is it about water and other substances (bismuth, gallium, germanium, etc.) that makes it do that?

submitted by /u/TitaniumBot
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How is CO2 the leading cause of climate change while comprising less than 1% of the atmosphere?

Posted: 03 Apr 2016 05:18 PM PDT

This isn't a troll post. I don't have an agenda. I'm trying to understand where the scientists are coming from. By looking at this graph, it would seem to be that a doubling (or however much) of CO2 would make a very negligible difference in the overall greenhouse effect.

http://m.imgur.com/vSJnLVe

Added: Most graphs found ONLY show the man-made contributions and gases like CO2, which when looked at alone, does seem alarming. But if water vapor really does comprise the vast majority of the greenhouse effect, obviously it should be taken into consideration as well, I would think.

Source: http://www.geocraft.com/WVFossils/greenhouse_data.html

submitted by /u/Kinetic11
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Is Mayonnaise a compressible fluid?

Posted: 03 Apr 2016 04:18 PM PDT

I know it's technically a colloid. I'm working on a question from an eve friend who wants to make a mayonnaise jet pack.

submitted by /u/A_Mouse_In_Da_House
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How much longer does a second last for someone on Earth compared to someone floating in outer space?

Posted: 03 Apr 2016 12:23 PM PDT

If I understand it correctly, the fastest you travel through space the slower you travel through time, and time also goes more slowly as the gravitational force acting on you increases. So is it possible to calculate the amount of time dilatation we are undergoing on Earth?

submitted by /u/lava_soul
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Do different instruments (voice, piano, drums etc.) utilize different parts of the brain?

Posted: 03 Apr 2016 04:09 PM PDT

I was wondering if the brain activity of musicians differ from one to the next? I am a psychology student, so my understanding is that brain activity is not completely localized and that an action can not always be attributed to a specific region.

I'm not quite sure if this question makes much sense..

submitted by /u/Shredder1219
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Do species with shorter reproductive cycles evolve "faster"?

Posted: 03 Apr 2016 07:03 AM PDT

As in, do we see the process of evolution affect creatures like small birds quicker than creatures like elephants and humans?

submitted by /u/evenstevens280
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Will the continents on Earth eventually collide once again and form another Pangaea?

Posted: 03 Apr 2016 07:42 AM PDT

Or have they stabilized on their positions?

submitted by /u/Shitstaynes
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Do mirror neurons behave in a different way for people who lack the ability to recognize faces?

Posted: 03 Apr 2016 04:08 PM PDT

[Biology] Why aren't more organisms omnivores?

Posted: 03 Apr 2016 05:28 PM PDT

Wouldn't it be an evolutionary benefit to be omnivorous? You could eat like, a lot more shit.

submitted by /u/iamthegratest
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Why does the inner cone of a double-cone Bunsen burner flame contain hot but not burning natural gas?

Posted: 03 Apr 2016 06:14 PM PDT

When stirring sugar into my coffee, why does the pitch of the sound change?

Posted: 03 Apr 2016 01:44 PM PDT

The pitch of the clinking of the spoon against the glass gets lower as I stir. Does the dissolved sugar change it somehow?

submitted by /u/cdnball
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Why is mathematics so applicable to all the phenomena we can observe and describe in the universe?

Posted: 03 Apr 2016 01:31 PM PDT

Everything can be explained mathematically. Why?

submitted by /u/EyeOfSol
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Why are things slippery?

Posted: 04 Apr 2016 01:24 AM PDT

Sunday, April 3, 2016

Why can you rename, or change the path of, an open file in OS X but not Windows?

Why can you rename, or change the path of, an open file in OS X but not Windows?


Why can you rename, or change the path of, an open file in OS X but not Windows?

Posted: 02 Apr 2016 08:23 AM PDT

What would happen if you took a chunk of bismuth into a room with an active MRI machine? Would it fly out of your hand and be shoved against the wall?

Posted: 02 Apr 2016 05:10 PM PDT

Why do Newton's corrections to critical pressure and temperature exist for hydrogen and helium?

Posted: 02 Apr 2016 07:49 AM PDT

In my chemical engineering book, we are told to adjust the critical pressure and temperature of hydrogen and helium by 8K and 8 atm when calculating reduced pressure and temperature.

Why?

Why are the actual values 8K and 8 atm lower? why not just define them as the corrected value?

submitted by /u/LiveClimbRepeat
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What are the factors that affext the fundamental frequency of a wine glass?

Posted: 03 Apr 2016 07:12 AM PDT

In a wine glass, how would the length of the water in the glass (height) affect the fundamental frequency. Also would the thickness on the glass rim affect the fundamental frequency also.

submitted by /u/Onpieceisfun
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My muscles will sometimes twitch at a regular frequency, often when held in a strange position. What determines the frequency?

Posted: 02 Apr 2016 11:21 AM PDT

An example I could easily replicate is the twitching that affects my foot when I rest its arch against a narrow bar or beam (running perpendicular to the direction my foot is pointing). This twitching, also experienced occasionally in my fingers when holding my hand in a weird position, is always set to a constant frequency.

submitted by /u/SirNanigans
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Can gravitational waves escape black holes?

Posted: 03 Apr 2016 12:12 AM PDT

[Biology] Is the inside of a resting neuron negative, or just MORE negative (a.k.a. less positive, but still positive) than the extracellular fluid surrounding it?

Posted: 02 Apr 2016 04:41 PM PDT

I've been looking at YT videos and various websites for a while now and they seem to use vague language in describing this

submitted by /u/InnocentAlgae
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If cell membranes are made of lipids, and detergent dissolves lipids, why doesn't soap dissolve our skin?

Posted: 02 Apr 2016 02:56 PM PDT

How and when do trees decide where they will start "branching" off?

Posted: 02 Apr 2016 09:39 AM PDT

Why is my sense of touch regarding moisture wonky when it is cold/chilly?

Posted: 02 Apr 2016 03:42 PM PDT

For my family, I am the laundry engineer and have issues sometimes telling when items are "really" dry out of the dryer or off the clothing line. I have THE WORST time telling if textiles are still damp when they are slightly cold. Why is this? It seems like cold/chilly temps are cryptonite for my sense of touch regarding moisture.

submitted by /u/LuckyJenny
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Is a configuration possible where an antiproton replaces the electron in a hydrogen atom?

Posted: 02 Apr 2016 03:06 PM PDT

I know that electrons don't orbit nuclei in the same way planets orbit the sun, but I understand that in some sense the electron stays where it is because of a balance between electrostatic attraction pulling it in, and (some kind of quantum-y) centrifugal force pulling it outwards. If you replaced the electron with an antiproton, the electrostatic attraction would be equal at the same distance, but the antiproton's higher mass would mean it wouldn't need to move as fast. Would it be possible to get the proton and antiproton to 'orbit' each other in this way without annihilating? Could you even have, say, a neon nucleus with 10 antiprotons whizzing around it? Might this be possible only at extremely low temperatures, or only for minute periods of time, or under some other weird conditions?

submitted by /u/hvetinari
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Are there any shapes that can't be split into n shapes of equal size using a compass and straightedge?

Posted: 02 Apr 2016 12:16 PM PDT

I was thinking about squaring the circle and how it is impossible, and I was wondering about other things that would be impossible to do with a compass and straightedge. I then got to thinking about splitting a circle into sections of equal area, and could think easily about how to split it in half, but not sure about how it could be split into thirds or fifths. Then I started thinking about other shapes that couldn't be split in half, or at least I couldn't split in half. One shape I thought of was the section bounded by a vertical parabola and a non horizontal or vertical line. I wasn't sure of how to split it in half, and I'm not even sure if it is possible.

submitted by /u/Artillect
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How do astronomers know how far a star or galaxy is from us?

Posted: 02 Apr 2016 09:30 PM PDT

Why is hydrogen so prevalent all over the world in oceans and other bodies of water, yet almost completely nonexistent in our atmosphere?

Posted: 02 Apr 2016 08:52 AM PDT

Our atmosphere is almost completely composed of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon. Why not hydrogen?

submitted by /u/Chappy26
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If someone inside a box were to tell you that the cat is for certain either alive or dead and no longer in the superposition, is that enough information for the wave function to collapse for you?

Posted: 02 Apr 2016 12:21 PM PDT

I'm pretty sure that wave functions being collapsed or not is related to where information of it is available. For instance, a person inside a box with the cat would collapse the wave function for it, and would be either alive or dead. But a person outside the box would still experience the cat being in the super position because the cat being alive or dead is dependent on the atom decaying, which is interpreted as being in a super position.

The fact that a person is in the box observing the cat does not change this for the people outside the box, and we would perceive the person as thinking the cat is alive, and thinking the cat is dead, in super position.

This only happens because they are linked to the decaying atom, if instead we told a person to go into a box, and flip a coin, and shoot the cat if it is heads, we would know that the cat is either alive or dead but not both because a coin flip is not in superposition at any point since it is not related to quantum mechanics.

Is my above interpretation correct? And if so, would someone passing a note that said the cat is for certain alive or dead constitute the required information leaking out for the wave function to collapse for the outside world? Meaning the way the outside world would need to see the box is more similar to the coin flip, meaning they don't know the answer, but they know there is a certain answer?

submitted by /u/Stewart_Norway
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What can happen with black dwarfs?

Posted: 02 Apr 2016 09:26 PM PDT

I don't have very much knowledge about astronomy, so if I made any mistakes or false conclusions, please correct me.

When our sun dies, it'll turn into a white dwarf. The white dwarf would be pretty hot and slowly cool down over time. After "a while", it'd turn into a black dwarf.

According to Wikipedia, most white dwarfs have a mass of roughly half the sun and the size of the earth, so I'll take this as my/our example.

Would that white dwarf, when it's cooled down and turned into a black dwarf (temperature of 5K), be the same mass and volume?

Could that black dwarf be captured in a different solar system and behave like a planet?

If the black dwarf would be captured in the habitable zone of a solar system and we'd add water and everything that's important for life, to it, would it be able to "create" life there or would it start being a "proper" star again?

submitted by /u/tombue
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Why are relatively light nuclei(graphite) used to thermalise neutrons in nuclear reactions rather than heavier nuclei(metals)?

Posted: 02 Apr 2016 08:57 PM PDT

is it the smaller distances between them in the lattice?

submitted by /u/theDyslxec
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What part of a human's brain takes part in informing you that you are thirsty? Can't find the answer anywhere.

Posted: 02 Apr 2016 10:53 AM PDT

What did people do about hemroides before medicine?

Posted: 02 Apr 2016 07:41 PM PDT

Did they have a berries and herb cure or did the live out the rest of there days with an itchy bumhole?

submitted by /u/pancakelife
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