Pages

Wednesday, March 9, 2016

If nearly 100 billion solar neutrinos pass through every square centimeter of our body each second, why don't these neutrinos convert neutrons in our bodies into protons, potentially harming us?

If nearly 100 billion solar neutrinos pass through every square centimeter of our body each second, why don't these neutrinos convert neutrons in our bodies into protons, potentially harming us?


If nearly 100 billion solar neutrinos pass through every square centimeter of our body each second, why don't these neutrinos convert neutrons in our bodies into protons, potentially harming us?

Posted: 08 Mar 2016 03:24 PM PST

From what I understand, neutrinos can strike neutrons and convert them into protons. If this happened in our body, in our atoms, couldn't neutrinos convert certain atoms into different atoms (as protons determine the type of atom) and harm us?

submitted by /u/diavacado
[link] [comments]

is there any other molecule/element in existance than increases in volume when solid like water?

Posted: 09 Mar 2016 04:55 AM PST

waters' unique property to float as ice and protect the liquid underneath has had a large impact on the genesis of life and its diversity. so are there any other substances that share this property?

submitted by /u/xgladar
[link] [comments]

When an electron and a positron annihilate, two photons are formed. Why can't one photon be created?

Posted: 09 Mar 2016 03:50 AM PST

I understand that two photons have to be created if the electron and positron collide head-on. In that case the total linear momentum is equal to 0 before the collision and to conserve this, two photons going in opposite directions have to be formed to keep the linear momentum equal to zero. But what if the electron and positron collide at an angle that's not 180 degrees, why can't one photon with more momentum be created?

submitted by /u/Benbazinga
[link] [comments]

For every poisonous item on Earth, do we know it is poisonous because someone tried to consume it and died? Or is there a way to know a substance is lethal without the trial and error?

Posted: 08 Mar 2016 04:26 PM PST

Ask Anything Wednesday - Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science

Posted: 09 Mar 2016 07:02 AM PST

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
[link] [comments]

[Astro] Does our Sun radiate anything else other than photons?

Posted: 09 Mar 2016 06:54 AM PST

Is there any evidence to support exercise helping to cure an existing minor bacterial or viral infection?

Posted: 08 Mar 2016 10:30 AM PST

Can you "sweat out" a cold, or the flu? Is the immune system positively or negativly influenced by excercise while sick?

submitted by /u/Jesuslordofporn
[link] [comments]

During its creation, how exactly did the Earth cool down?

Posted: 09 Mar 2016 07:45 AM PST

As far as I've known the heat energy from the creation of Earth has to go somewhere for Earth itself to cooldown. Where did all that heat go?

submitted by /u/PaperMarz
[link] [comments]

If microwaves are non-ionizing, then why are they harmful to humans and radio waves aren't?

Posted: 09 Mar 2016 02:38 AM PST

Is it because microwaves only in large doses are harmful, and radio waves are never in large doses?

submitted by /u/bobicez
[link] [comments]

Is the shape of a tree determined more by genetics or by the environment it lives in?

Posted: 08 Mar 2016 04:47 PM PST

How do the branches know where to grow?

submitted by /u/not-a-tater-tot
[link] [comments]

If two solar sail crafts have perfect mirrors pointed at each other so that a laser beam will reflect between them indefinitely where does the energy come from to push them apart?

Posted: 09 Mar 2016 02:08 AM PST

Sorry about the long winded question, I couldn't think of any ways to simplify it further. My guess is that the light will slowly be red shifted since I cannot think of any other way for light to lose energy.

submitted by /u/colourcoded_
[link] [comments]

What has a greater relative gravitational pull on us? The Sun or the Moon?

Posted: 08 Mar 2016 05:50 PM PST

In what ways/methods did humans change bananas from their natural form and why?

Posted: 08 Mar 2016 03:55 PM PST

I've seen it mentioned multiple times that the current image of a banana is vastly different from what their natural state is. While I understand the basic mechanics of how this can happen, I don't understand why it was necessary. Basically I'm looking for a rundown on the domestication and cultivation of bananas...

submitted by /u/Kwad_Tahms
[link] [comments]

Can liquid diamond be made and if so, what temperature would be needed?

Posted: 09 Mar 2016 04:28 AM PST

There gotta be some way or not.

submitted by /u/priyobrotochak
[link] [comments]

Which are the issues with a fractal based model of the distribution of mass in the universe?

Posted: 08 Mar 2016 01:54 PM PST

I was reading "Faster than the Speed of Light" from João Magueijo. He makes the following statment: (I read it in spanish, so you are seeing a double translation): Despite what I said when I presented the findings of Hubble, the most resounding evidence for homogeneity comes from cosmic radiation, as there is still a unique view on the catalogs of galaxies. In fact, a team of Italian scientists has analyzed the galactic maps and has concluded that, for all we know, the universe is not homogeneous but fractal. If this happens to be true, I recommend the reader to burn this volume, forget the big bang and start mourn. I don't understand why a fractal model of the (mass distribution in the) universe will imply a scientific problem; but quite the contrary as I think it will allow lot of predictions and understanding of nature. Magueijo does no elaborate on the issue with the fractal model, do you understand why it is bad?

submitted by /u/cineto
[link] [comments]

Would it be possible to use beams of neutrinos to image deep layers of the earth?

Posted: 08 Mar 2016 12:26 PM PST

I know that neutrinos very rarely interact with matter, but is there enough interaction to be able to at least gain some meaningful information about the center of the earth through shooting beams of neutrinos to detectors on the opposite side of the earth?

submitted by /u/nagasgura
[link] [comments]

Why is the eastern United States so different in climate compared to to the western United States?

Posted: 08 Mar 2016 01:21 PM PST

I'm talking little things like why does a town like Millers, Nevada have such a different climate than Charlotte NC (both roughly 300 miles from their closest ocean.) One is in a dry high desert while the other is a relatively hot and wooded region. There isn't a big north vs south difference yet they are so different from each other.

submitted by /u/IrishBuckles
[link] [comments]

Does the brain control every process of your body?

Posted: 08 Mar 2016 02:44 PM PST

Or do organs run pretty much autonomously? Does it depend which organ?

Does the brain tell the intestines to move food through? Tell kidneys to process urine? Hair folicles to grow hair?

submitted by /u/schoolboyfool
[link] [comments]

Do we have any statistics on the amount of the people with relatively common symptoms but with rare diseases that are mistakenly diagnosed, therefore uncured for long period?

Posted: 08 Mar 2016 01:40 PM PST

Bonus question: how many were only correctly diagnosed after death?

Ps: I'm a computer science guy. This is not for any kind of research/coursework. Simply a /r/Showerthoughts I had today.

submitted by /u/criscmaia
[link] [comments]

How did very similar trees/plants develop in the temperate and arctic zones in both the Southern and Northern hemisphere? Did seeds somehow get across?

Posted: 08 Mar 2016 10:39 AM PST

Do plants ever reject a graft the way a human will reject an organ?

Posted: 08 Mar 2016 05:33 AM PST

Tuesday, March 8, 2016

Maria Sharapova just got in trouble for using meldonium; how does this medication improve sports performance?

Maria Sharapova just got in trouble for using meldonium; how does this medication improve sports performance?


Maria Sharapova just got in trouble for using meldonium; how does this medication improve sports performance?

Posted: 07 Mar 2016 09:23 PM PST

Seems like it blocks carnitine synthesis. Carnitine is used to shuttle fatty acids into mitochondria where they are used as an energy source. Why would inhibiting this process be in any way performance enhancing?

submitted by /u/npatchett
[link] [comments]

The half-life of Hydrogen-7 is 21 yoctoseconds (21x10^-24s). How is that time measured?

Posted: 07 Mar 2016 09:37 PM PST

That's orders of magnitude less than an incomprehensibly short amount of time- I'm not even familiar with anything that falls between that and the Planck time, except maybe some stage of the Big Bang timeline. How do researchers figure out the half lives of isotopes of hydrogen that are on the yoctosecond time scale?

submitted by /u/k-bo
[link] [comments]

How legit is this article?

Posted: 07 Mar 2016 06:25 PM PST

I found this article published on Arxiv which claims to have found room-temperature superconductors. Obviously Arxiv is self-published and not as reliable as peer-reviewed journals, and the author withholds the exact composition and synthesis processes due to a "pending patent", but is there any chance this is real?

submitted by /u/starwarsfan2160
[link] [comments]

Is gravitational time dilation near a black hole due to some intrinsic property of being deep in its gravity well or due to the relativistic speeds needed to maintain orbit around it, or both?

Posted: 07 Mar 2016 08:58 PM PST

Rocket science: Why cant you use liquid oxygen as a fuel in rockets, and why cant we use fluorine for a stronger oxidizer?

Posted: 07 Mar 2016 11:10 PM PST

What are the practical concerns which would prevent some hyperloop design from doing LA to NY in 16 minutes?

Posted: 07 Mar 2016 11:58 PM PST

LA -> NY: 4463.2 kilometers, using current roads as an approximation of the hyperloop's path.

EDIT: I'd love to set the flair as both physics and engineering =/

submitted by /u/x-y-z-p-q-r
[link] [comments]

Is it possible to slow down radioactive decay through cooling?

Posted: 07 Mar 2016 06:54 PM PST

Would it be possible to cool an element to where it will slow down the radioactive decay.

submitted by /u/trewtrew1
[link] [comments]

Is it possible for a spinning black hole to stop spinning and become a non rotating black hole?

Posted: 08 Mar 2016 12:17 AM PST

Is it possible for a spinning black hole to just stop spinning but otherwise continue to be a black hole?

submitted by /u/OrphanMeat338
[link] [comments]

During the process of bacterial conjugation, how is it decided which genetic material is transferred between the two bacterial cells? How can the cells determine what genes are beneficial for themselves?

Posted: 07 Mar 2016 10:00 PM PST

Any articles or papers you could provide on the subject would be greatly appreciated!!!

submitted by /u/WhatevesReddit
[link] [comments]

What stops an electron from falling into the protons within an atom?

Posted: 08 Mar 2016 02:36 AM PST

what stops the negatively charged atom from being attracted and falling towards the positively charged protons?

submitted by /u/Obamanation_
[link] [comments]

If electricity is generated by moving electrons, does the source of electric energy lose electrons over time? Does that have an impact at the source?

Posted: 08 Mar 2016 04:34 AM PST

I'm asking this in relation to using the earths core as a source of electricity. Somehow if we are able to do it, would the flow of electrons out of this source mean there will be long term changes made to the earths physical core? Or is this anyway already happening whether or not we harness this energy? (Please pardon my ignorance, I'm making an assumption that the core can actually be used as a source of electrical energy like this, please correct me there if I'm wrong, but the original question is about the flow of electrons from a source and its repercussions to the source if any). Thanks!

submitted by /u/tryingmyhardest88
[link] [comments]

If I shuffled a deck of cards, and dealt four cards, would the odds of getting four of a kind be lower than if I shuffled the deck of cards after each time I dealt one card four times?

Posted: 08 Mar 2016 05:41 AM PST

Are certain types of ailments or illnesses more prone to being cured by placebos than others?

Posted: 07 Mar 2016 08:52 PM PST

When a pregnant woman goes into labor, what is the proximate physiological change that caused the labor to begin? What mechanism if any functions as a sort of genetic clock for how long the baby will gestate and when this process will end?

Posted: 07 Mar 2016 11:43 AM PST

My friend is pregnant and it's really interesting.

Also if the proximate cause is something like, the body started producing some chemical then what is the cause of that? (I don't wanna keep asking why, but i figured it would be interesting for at least a few layers)

So in joke terms, how does the body know the bun is done cooking?

EDIT: I'm not only interested in humans, so if a scientist who studies other mammals knows about that I'd be down to hear about it.

submitted by /u/arealllama
[link] [comments]

Is Visuo-spatial intelligence part of Fluid intelligence?

Posted: 07 Mar 2016 05:58 PM PST

Fluid intelligence is not thoroughly defined. For example, a lot of visual matrices that involve mental rotation are supposed indicator of Fluid intelligence. However if they also measure visual memory and mental rotation, are they not also measuring visuo-spatial intelligence? If so, does that mean Gv is part of Gf?

submitted by /u/blackjack0123
[link] [comments]

Why is Pluto not considered a planet?

Posted: 08 Mar 2016 03:04 AM PST

Pluto is considered as a dwarf planet. Earlier it was included in the list of planets then why now it is not in the list? Does it lack the qualities needed for a celestial body to be a planet? If yes, then what qualities?

submitted by /u/Neer29
[link] [comments]

How do OCPs treat endometriosis?

Posted: 07 Mar 2016 06:39 PM PST

I'm getting a little confused on female reproductive hormones. This is what I think I know:

FSH --> follicle growth --> increased estrogen --> endometrial growth

LH surge --> ovulation --> formation of corpus luteum --> secretion of estrogen and progesterone

progesterone:

  • glandularization/vascularization of endometrial tissue
  • blocks further growth of endometrium by estrogen by blocking its effect, not by down regulating estrogen production

So progesterone contraceptives treat endometriosis by blocking estrogen-driven growth of endometrium?

This brings me to two more questions:

  1. how do oral contraceptives exert their effect?

estrogen --> down regulation of FSH and LH --> prevention of follicular growth and ovulation?

progesterone --> prevention of estrogen driven endometrial growth?

  1. how does menses occur?

corpus luteum dies --> decrease in progesterone --> increase in prostaglandins --> vasoconstriction --> endometrium dies off?

does the drop in estrogen play a role in menses?

Thanks for any help

submitted by /u/gorightthroughformsu
[link] [comments]

If everything in the universe is moving, including us and our sun and galaxy, is it possible to calculate the absolute speed of any object?

Posted: 08 Mar 2016 01:55 AM PST

How does gravity/relativity impact my ability to see something?

Posted: 07 Mar 2016 03:51 PM PST

In the film Interstellar they visit a planet near a black hole. One crew member stays behind on the ship, and time moves differently for him then those on the planet (1 hour on the planet is 7 years for the person on the ship). If he had a telescope strong enough to see the surface of the planet, what would he see?

submitted by /u/Hanasmf
[link] [comments]

What things in nature are always almost the same size?

Posted: 07 Mar 2016 08:09 PM PST

in ancient and medival times things were often measured by body parts. although that was practical measures vary from person to person. later there were prototype measures but those are arbitrary, difficult to copy exactly and not replaceable when lost. are there non microscopic features in plants, animals or materials that always are always the same size and only differ by a very small amount? if not are there simple experiments that allow to create a measure with primitive technology?

submitted by /u/elypter
[link] [comments]

Monday, March 7, 2016

Based on ongoing experiments, how far away are we from nuclear fusion power?

Based on ongoing experiments, how far away are we from nuclear fusion power?


Based on ongoing experiments, how far away are we from nuclear fusion power?

Posted: 07 Mar 2016 02:58 AM PST

I know there's the ongoing joke of nuclear fusion being 50 years away every year, but based on current experiments, does that still hold true?

submitted by /u/fr4ternity
[link] [comments]

Are protons in nuclei wiggled by electrons "flying" around them?

Posted: 06 Mar 2016 08:07 PM PST

Protons and electrons attract each other. And I hear that an electron is like wave around the nucleus. Waves oscillate so they should shake the proton.

submitted by /u/kindpotato
[link] [comments]

Do the same species of animals from different parts of the world have different accents?

Posted: 06 Mar 2016 07:14 PM PST

Humans speak different languages in different regions of the world. Do wolves from North America, for example, have the exact same calls as wolves from Russia?

submitted by /u/PagesNewShoes
[link] [comments]

Challenger Deep: How certain are we that it's the deepest spot in the ocean? How was this proven?

Posted: 06 Mar 2016 08:34 PM PST

How do we know for certain that there isn't a trench or a fissure somewhere in the ocean floor that is deeper than Challenger Deep? How do we know that it's the deepest spot? How was this first proven? At what point was it suspected that it was the deepest part of the ocean, and how was it investigated?

submitted by /u/spikebrennan
[link] [comments]

Does increasing the pressure of smoke (in a container) make it deposit on the walls faster or slower?

Posted: 06 Mar 2016 09:05 PM PST

I'm curious about this because:

1) There's brownian motion where for particles small and light enough, they'd be moved by the internal movement of the gas molecules, which would be higher at higher pressure.

2) The particles in the smoke might clump together faster by collisions with each other, making it harder for them to be moved around by the gas molecules, making them settle faster.

3) The particles in the smoke which clump together, might get broken up again if there is an increase in pressure because of the more energetic gas molecules, thus remaining in air longer or may get abraded off the walls because of the more energetic gas molecules?

So what direction would it go, faster or slower deposition of the solid particles?

Does the method of increasing pressure matter? (say, increasing temperature, decreasing volume, or increasing the amount of smoke/aerosol through an inlet). How do the type of particles in the smoke/aerosol matter?

submitted by /u/portmantoux
[link] [comments]

Would it be possible to kill a star with the technology we currently have?

Posted: 06 Mar 2016 06:48 AM PST

I saw a post in /r/all that got me thinking about this. Specifically, the Sun. Is it possilbe?

submitted by /u/Schruef
[link] [comments]

Does all antimatter come from nuclear fusion? If not, where can it be found in nature?

Posted: 06 Mar 2016 06:23 PM PST

If not, where does antimatter come from? I understand that nuclear fusion results in positrons. I also understand there could have been an equal amount of matter and antimatter after the big bang, but is it otherwise found in nature? Thanks, askreddit!

submitted by /u/plasticmacaroni
[link] [comments]

Would a charged and/or rotating black hole lose charge and/or angular momentum along with mass-energy through Hawking radiation?

Posted: 06 Mar 2016 09:38 AM PST

[Mathematics] Why are we unable to express the antiderivatives of some functions e.g. (e^x)/x?

Posted: 06 Mar 2016 02:01 PM PST

I mean shouldn't we have developed some technique by now to express these functions since we can numerically solve them?

submitted by /u/martinbosui
[link] [comments]

If water was compressible what affect would it have on the oceans?

Posted: 06 Mar 2016 08:12 PM PST

If water suddenly became compressible what affect would it have on the oceans? Would we see a huge decline in ocean level due to the water compressing at depth? Or would nothing happen?

EDIT: To clarify I mean if ocean water is more compressible like Air. Thanks to /u/iorgfeflkd for pointing out my error.

submitted by /u/1Darkest_Knight1
[link] [comments]

Brown Dwarfs?

Posted: 06 Mar 2016 06:49 PM PST

When a nebular starts to come together, the core of it starts to heat up due to friction. But if it does not have the required temperature to begin nuclear fusion it becomes a brown dwarf. My question is do brown dwarfs glow or let out light energy, and if so where does this energy come from, and will it run out of energy from producing light?

submitted by /u/gravitybrick
[link] [comments]

How much battery power is needed to lift a small drone (~1.1 kg / 2.55 lb) above the Karman line or 100 km above mean sea level?

Posted: 07 Mar 2016 02:42 AM PST

I read today about a drone flying 11,000 feet by someone in the Netherlands. link!. What I understand from the site is that it has a 5200 mAH, 11.1 volt Lithium battery. How many of these would be needed to power a similar size drone (1160g) about 10 times the height achieved?

submitted by /u/babganoush
[link] [comments]

Is it possible to trap static electricity in a mason jar?

Posted: 06 Mar 2016 08:36 AM PST

Is it possible to trap static electricity in a mason jar? If so how long can it stay "trapped" in there? I am helping my daughter with a science experiment.

submitted by /u/syncmaster213
[link] [comments]

What causes neutron beta decay?

Posted: 07 Mar 2016 05:19 AM PST

Not a physics person by education, but I was watching this show about how the atomic bomb was created the other day and it got me thinking...

If I understood correctly, atoms with atomic numbers greater than Uranium are unnatural. We created them in the lab by firing neutrons at a Uranium-238 particle and that neutron transmuted(?) into a proton, thus creating a new element.

My question is as such; what would cause a neutron to 'want' to do this? I read on this website about the mechanics of how the beta decay happens, but don't understand why it happens. What am I missing here?

Also, it is possible for a proton to decay into a neutron by the reverse process?

submitted by /u/durpyDash
[link] [comments]

Would you undergo time dilation in simulated gravity as you would in actual gravity? If so, why?

Posted: 06 Mar 2016 08:22 AM PST

If I spin something really, really fast, like a circular space station, I undergo artificial gravity. But if I go super super fast (I know I'm using complex terms, just stay with me here), would I also be experiencing time dilation?

If so, why? I was under the impression that time dilation is only a thing because gravity is a "dent" in spacetime. Does the rotation of the space station also create this "dent"?

submitted by /u/Cheesewithmold
[link] [comments]

How can relatively soft animals survive the crushing pressure of the Mariana Trench while still maintaining their shapes?

Posted: 06 Mar 2016 09:17 AM PST

Can we fold an A4 sheet of paper all the way to the moon?

Posted: 06 Mar 2016 01:14 PM PST

I've heard that if you fold an A4 sheet of paper 42 times it would double it's thickness so many times it could reach to the moon. Of course, in the real world, we can't really fold one more than 7 times or so. But granted we could fold it as many times as we wanted, would it be possible to fold an A4 sheet of paper so it reached all the way to the moon?

submitted by /u/Monkwasher
[link] [comments]

How does a quantum computer factor prime numbers to break encryption?

Posted: 06 Mar 2016 06:22 PM PST

A lot of talk around quantum computers involves using them to break modern encryption which relies on large prime numbers and the difficult modern computers have in finding prime factors.

I think I understand how qubits work - each holding the superposition of probabilities of values 0 and 1 instead of just a 0 or 1.

How can this used to factor prime numbers? I know quantum computers have been in the lab as long as I can remember. Are we close to having a practical quantum computer?

submitted by /u/rebbsitor
[link] [comments]

[Biology] Do proteins made with the same amino acids but different codons act exactly the same?

Posted: 06 Mar 2016 11:23 AM PST

I'm taking an upper division genetics course and refreshing on basic stuff like wobble. If different codons can produce the same amino acid, and different organisms have different codon biases, then would a protein of the same sequence from two different biases behave exactly the same?

submitted by /u/ShutUpAndEatWithMe
[link] [comments]

Would it be possible to live off of self-generated electricity?

Posted: 06 Mar 2016 11:19 AM PST

Say I have a bicycle or some other mechanical means of converting mechanical energy into electricity. How much would I be able to generate? How long might it last and what could I do with it?

submitted by /u/johnmadden110
[link] [comments]

Does the weight of an object vary with the rotational speed of the planet?

Posted: 06 Mar 2016 11:41 AM PST

I'm assuming the centripetal force would reduce the effect of gravity on the surface......

submitted by /u/anujw005
[link] [comments]