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Thursday, February 18, 2016

Do dyslexics have issues with all symbols, or just letters?

Do dyslexics have issues with all symbols, or just letters?

Do dyslexics have issues with all symbols, or just letters?

Posted: 17 Feb 2016 08:17 PM PST

If a person with dyslexia saw a Chevy logo or the batman symbol, is there a chance that it would be flipped around?

submitted by /u/holy_halo_man
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Can fruit DNA (like from an apple or orange) be traced back to the tree it came from?

Posted: 17 Feb 2016 07:49 PM PST

Why is a Gaussian "bell" curve showing normal statistical distribution the shape that it is? What formulæ or proofs define its shape?

Posted: 17 Feb 2016 04:22 PM PST

Do you need both a -10 and -35 sequence for a promoter to bind?

Posted: 17 Feb 2016 08:05 PM PST

Just a bit of background. I have a DNA sequence I am trying to interpret and there is a -10 sequence for RpoD (regulatory gene regulator) and there is no -35 sequence that matches a promoter for RpoD. However, at the -17 position I have a sequence that matches AlgT (sigma factor/transcription factor) and a promoter sequence at -42. Is it possible for the RpoD to only bind at the -10 sequence and initiate transcription? Is it possible for AlgT to initiate transcription even if it is 17 nucleotides downstream of the promoter?

submitted by /u/roilyerf
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Why can or can't I move differentials around an equation?

Posted: 17 Feb 2016 04:19 PM PST

I am currently working towards a bachelor's in mechanical engineering and I was wondering about calculus differentials. Quite often in class, we move them around freely and a professor will say something along the lines of "If you are a mathematics major, this probably makes you cringe. Technically you can't move differentials around but we can in this field." (physics or engineering) So basically my question is why is it that you cannot technically move them around, yet I do it all the time when solving problems?

submitted by /u/frenchsko
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How does the Genetic Maternal Effect differ from Cytoplasmic Inheritance?

Posted: 17 Feb 2016 07:58 PM PST

And how do they differ from Genomic Imprinting?

submitted by /u/Suck_A_Turd
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Why do we need to postulate the presence of dark matter? Wouldn't unexpected astrophysical phenomena simply indicate that our understanding of gravity in inadequate?

Posted: 17 Feb 2016 06:54 PM PST

It seems to me to be a great jump to postulate the existence of a new type of matter in response to astrophysical observations not lining up with predictions as dictated by current theory. Would not the more parsimonious response be to work on modifying the theory? Do we really need dark matter to explain our observations?

submitted by /u/Benthos
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How do red/green ganglion cells detect red?

Posted: 17 Feb 2016 08:54 PM PST

I'm studying neuropsych and reading about trichromatic theory.

I undesrstand that a green signal is sent from the ganglion cell if the dominant stimulus it recieves is from M rather than L cone cells. Because M cones are stimulated by around 530nm light, which corresponds to green light on the wavelength spectrum.

But a red signal is triggered by stimulus from L cone cells, which respond to 560nm light..... but that's yellow?? Is my textbook wrong, shouldn't L cones respond to red light, such as 680nm? If not, how does the eye detect red light?

submitted by /u/Kaiped1000
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What is the probability of one target being hit by a ball?

Posted: 18 Feb 2016 06:08 AM PST

Suppose I have 4 targets. I can throw a ball four times. The ball hits one random target every time I throw it. What is the probability of the ball hitting the first target at least once?

One of my classmates says that the probability is 100%, but everyone else disagrees. What's the correct solution?

EDIT: The targets are reusable; they can be hit more than once.

submitted by /u/Hallodusch123
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Why do we always try to stop the swelling that occurs upon spraining or breaking a bone?

Posted: 17 Feb 2016 04:57 PM PST

Also, if it is so detrimental to recovery, why does the body do it?

submitted by /u/Cesare_MA
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I find entropy to be an interesting concept, but why do we research it? Why is it significant?

Posted: 17 Feb 2016 06:39 PM PST

I remember learning about it back in 1st year chem, but I never really grasped why it is important. To me it just seems like a cool theoretical concept, and I feel like I am missing something.

submitted by /u/privilegedhere
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It is possible to recover data from sticks of RAM if they are snap frozen, before they are pulled out?

Posted: 17 Feb 2016 08:38 PM PST

So I'm sure I saw this in a movie once. A guy breaks into a company / data centre and need some info / passwords that are on the computer. He steals the RAM because the data is stored unencrypted in memory. However because the RAM is volatile, it will loose the information if the power is disconnected. To compensate for this, he uses a spray can of some gas (maybe freon?) to freeze the RAM. This gives him a few minutes to pull the RAM out of the machine and get out of the building and re-energise it in a computer, before the RAM loses the data.

Is there any validity to this?

submitted by /u/Electr0Fi
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Are there any effects of brain hemisphere lateralization?

Posted: 17 Feb 2016 08:33 PM PST

I read this in my consumer behavior textbook. http://imgur.com/U4ZDEFR Is the information accurate? Does brain lateralization have any effects on behavior? I am weary to believe anything of brain lateralization after learning that left/right brain personality theory is not necessarily true.

submitted by /u/hasway
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Why do cold temperatures make your digits numb?

Posted: 17 Feb 2016 06:01 PM PST

Half life period of radioactive substance?

Posted: 18 Feb 2016 03:59 AM PST

I know that half life period is the the time required for a substance to decay half of it's initial amount.My question is that many radioactive element have a huge life time in order of billion years.so how some atoms of the radioactive substance stays without decaying for such a long time.

radioactive elements are unstable and and gain stability by decay process so why not every atom decay as fast as possible.

I also don't understand concept of probability in radioactive decay.

submitted by /u/ILART
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What season was on Pluto when New Horizons passed by ?

Posted: 18 Feb 2016 01:45 AM PST

What happens to the ectrons and protons in a neutron star?

Posted: 17 Feb 2016 05:11 PM PST

How come this dude can carry highly enriched Uranium 235?

Posted: 17 Feb 2016 05:54 PM PST

Was reading this article on wikipedia[1] and got confused because some guy is holding some "highly enriched uranium 235" with only rubber gloves.

If it isn't really hot, then how is this uranium used to produce heat for nuclear reactors?

submitted by /u/SquirrellsOfThunder
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In beta positive decay, isn't mass created?

Posted: 17 Feb 2016 03:51 PM PST

In the process, a proton decays into a neutron, which has more mass than a proton, a positron, which has mass, and an electron neutrino, which has mass. Therefore, although things like charge and lepton number are conserved, mass is not. What is going on?

submitted by /u/tunaMaestro97
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Are the humerus bones in the left and right arms different? Or are they mirror images of each other?

Posted: 18 Feb 2016 04:42 AM PST

Can electricity be used to convert ADP to ATP in the presence of excess inorganic phosphates?

Posted: 17 Feb 2016 12:54 PM PST

Sorry if the question is phrased improperly, but after doing some reading about oxidative phosphorylation it (perhaps incorrectly) occurred to me that the electron transfer chain that fuels the conversion of ADP to ATP is comparable to electricity. Could actual electrical current be used to fuel the same process?

Again, my apologies if the question is phrased poorly.

submitted by /u/writers_block
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What effects does chronic stress have on muscle growth?

Posted: 17 Feb 2016 04:09 PM PST

In terms of working out/body building does chronic stress have an effect on the outcome of muscular growth?

submitted by /u/spudlyjoe
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Why is snake venom required to make anti-venom?

Posted: 17 Feb 2016 12:49 PM PST
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Wednesday, February 17, 2016

Are any two electrons, or other pair of fundamental particles, identical?

Are any two electrons, or other pair of fundamental particles, identical?

Are any two electrons, or other pair of fundamental particles, identical?

Posted: 17 Feb 2016 03:45 AM PST

If we were to randomly select any two electrons, would they actually be identical in terms of their properties, or simply close enough that we could consider them to be identical? Do their properties have a range of values, or a set value?

submitted by /u/_prdgi
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Are photons taking longer to travel due to expansion of universe?

Posted: 16 Feb 2016 06:30 AM PST

As universe exapnds, so does distance between any two points (it's how I understand it, please correct me if I'm wrong). does that mean that photons have a longer distance to travel as it goes?

submitted by /u/Nevermore3012
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Will a black hole eventually "fill up" or does more "stuff" going in increase its gravitiational pull and therefore make it bigger?

Posted: 16 Feb 2016 07:16 AM PST

I know Hawking radiation can eventually disperse a black hole, but is this the only way a black hole can cease to exist?

submitted by /u/flippitus_floppitus
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What happens to compounds with unstable isotopes after decay?

Posted: 17 Feb 2016 02:46 AM PST

My chemistry knowledge is scarce, but for example: If PuO2, with plutonium 238 that decays into some other element that doesn't bond that well with oxygen (or simply loses a valence electron), what happens to that oxygen? Does this spawn oxygen ions? Would it be an endo- or exothermic reaction?

submitted by /u/Barcelus
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Is light mass-less? (other Qs)

Posted: 17 Feb 2016 04:22 AM PST

Does it lose energy as it moves? If it has mass, how does it not lose energy or speed over time?

submitted by /u/Mozeeon
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If humans could digest petrol/gas how much energy could we gain from it? How much would it take to make us go for a day?

Posted: 16 Feb 2016 06:11 AM PST

Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Posted: 17 Feb 2016 07:05 AM PST

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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Given that a black hole can be completely described by mass, spin, and charge, would it even be possible to discern a black hole with equal mass spin and charge as an electron from an actual electron?

Posted: 16 Feb 2016 11:21 AM PST

Excluding Hawking radiation.

submitted by /u/iv_loc
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Can planetary rings cause tidal forces on their planet?

Posted: 16 Feb 2016 11:02 AM PST

Basically, assuming no "moon(s)" orbiting the planet, would planetary rings (such as those around Saturn) cause tidal forces on the planet, in lieu of a moon?

submitted by /u/Tijuano
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What is the difference between Hox Genes, Regulatory Genes and Gene Switches?

Posted: 16 Feb 2016 12:59 PM PST

I am having difficulty differentiating the three. Are Hox Genes and Gene Switches both Regulatory Genes or are they something different? My sources don't specify clearly enough.

submitted by /u/Bsillly
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If force is equal to mass times acceleration, why will getting hit by a fast-moving car destroy me but a glacier's slower but much more massive hit just unnoticeably nudge me along?

Posted: 16 Feb 2016 10:53 AM PST

Wouldn't that imply the amount of force applied by the car is much more than that of the glacier? Is there a factor like the change in my own acceleration or that the mass I should use is actually my own (and not that of the car's or glacier's) that I'm not accounting for?

submitted by /u/elkoubi
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If a calorie is a unit of energy (to take 1 litre of water up 1 degree celcius), how can there be zero calorie Energy Drinks? Are they a scam?

Posted: 16 Feb 2016 11:58 AM PST

What is actually an electromagnetic field?

Posted: 16 Feb 2016 09:35 AM PST

We know what a gravitational field is: the curvature of space-time. However whenever I look for information of electromagnetic fields, the conclusion I get is that a charged particle can make other particles to move without touching them. I know that the answer for this is "the particles do touch each other because their magnetic fields touch" however, this always seemed to me an explanation as magical as the "invisible force working at distance" that Newton described to explain how gravity works. Einstein in the other hand, explained that there is not a force working at distance, but that gravitational fields are nothing but the curvature of space-time. Is there an explanation like this for electromagnetic fields? I mean, do we know what is actually happening to the space between the particles interacting through their electromagnetic fields?

submitted by /u/Dimakhaerus
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Why does the d sub-level split its energy when ligands are bound to transition metals?

Posted: 16 Feb 2016 07:57 AM PST

I teach IB Chemistry HL and one of the required topics to teach is the spitting of the d-level orbitals when transition metals ions are bound to ligands. This is a topic I never learned myself in college and I don't like teaching something I do not know more in depth than what I am requiring of my students. I understand that the charges affect the differently shaped orbitals different affecting their energy levels but that is the extent of what I know. Can someone please explain or point me to some resources to fully understand what is happening here? Thank you!

submitted by /u/Mac-n-cheez
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How does our body tolerance to a certain compounds work?

Posted: 16 Feb 2016 09:32 AM PST

More precisely, I would like to know why paracetamol is not bound to tolerance, while caffeine is.

How and why does our body adapt to these things? Or does not adapt.

I was looking for this information on the worldwide intranet but could not find a proper answer... maybe reddit will help me :)

This post's answer was not detailed enough IMO

submitted by /u/HakaBb
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Do doublecortin-positive cells have to match the host to be effective in healing the brain?

Posted: 16 Feb 2016 07:27 AM PST

Trying to understand this TEDX.

Wondering if the cells can be donated from another brain potentially.

submitted by /u/Broketographer
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Why can we see the colours of lasers?

Posted: 16 Feb 2016 09:09 AM PST

Why can we see lasers when they go through dense gases (and not with a naked eye)? Is it possible to change the colour of a laser by changing the gas you are using to see it?

submitted by /u/imaginarypiano
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What makes topical analgesics work in some places but not others?

Posted: 16 Feb 2016 09:01 AM PST

I got Salonpas pain relief patches because i have a stiff neck and a pull or something in my arm. On my neck I feel heat and cooling sensations but on my arm, I feel nothing. What's the difference?

submitted by /u/FinalMantasyX
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Do we know for certain that nutrinos do not travel faster than light?

Posted: 16 Feb 2016 04:04 PM PST

I was watching Cosmos the other day and NdT was talking nutrinos. He explained that we were able to detect nutrinos from a supernova prior to arriving light from the explosion. He explained a theory that posited that the nutrinos were released at the speed of light a moment before everything else while everything else accelerated slowly within the star until reaching the surface and then accelerating to the speed of light. Thus giving the nutrinos a head start.

My question is this: was the basis for this theory that the cosmic speed limit of light speed must be true and so nutrinos must have come out earlier, or have we independently verified that they were released earlier than the other stuff?

My concern is that our limited ability to test nutrinos may cloud our reasoning and that they may exceed the speed of light. But that we aren't taking that into account in our research.

Thanks!

submitted by /u/BatmanNoPrep
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How does a pigeon's vision and balance switch between walking mode and flying mode?

Posted: 16 Feb 2016 07:58 AM PST

When they're flying, their head is like a steady cam, maintaining a set position despite their body orientation.

When walking, they're like a heavy metal drummer slamming their head forward and back as they walk.

If they can see/balance/find-food with their head shaking like that, why do they need a steady cam mode?

submitted by /u/urbanek2525
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vào lúc No comments:

Tuesday, February 16, 2016

To any dentists/orthodontists, how does the adhesive that attaches braces to teeth work?

To any dentists/orthodontists, how does the adhesive that attaches braces to teeth work?

To any dentists/orthodontists, how does the adhesive that attaches braces to teeth work?

Posted: 15 Feb 2016 08:54 PM PST

To be more specific, what is it made of? How do orthodontists remove the adhesive? How do they get it on? What can cause the adhesive to fail? Will it stop working if it is heated or cooled to a certain temperature?

Context: I read a post somewhere about someone writing a story based in the Fallout universe about a person who is unfortunate enough to have braces during the beginning of the apocolypse and goes around the wasteland looking for someone who can get them off. That got me thinking: what would happen to a person with braces in the post-nuclear apocolypse wasteland? Would their braces fall out eeventually? Would the person be stuck with them forever? Etc.

submitted by /u/BruceTheUnicorn
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What is the difference between something that's hot and emits a color based on how hot it is (like steel going from red to white) and something that burns a color because of its composition (like a cation being burned under a bunsen burner)?

Posted: 15 Feb 2016 05:40 PM PST

Why is the switch from IPv4 to IPv6 so difficult? What key principles are slowing migration to the new standard?

Posted: 15 Feb 2016 08:18 PM PST

Why can't the immune system prevent shingles outbreaks, since it already has antibodies for the virus?

Posted: 15 Feb 2016 03:18 PM PST

What I got from reading some articles online is that if you get chickenpox, the virus remains dormant even after you get better. Then sometimes it somehow wakes up, and you develop shingles.

My probably stupid but unanswered question is: aren't you supposed to have developed antibodies for varicella zoster? Why does the immune system fail get rid of it before the shingles develop?

submitted by /u/khenti-amentiu
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I am allergic to cats. Would I also be allergic to tigers, lions and the like?

Posted: 15 Feb 2016 12:43 PM PST

I am quite allergic to domesticated cats. For obvious reasons, I haven't had the chance to cuddle with a big cat like a lion, tiger, etc. Would I experience the same reaction or none? Is the same true for dogs (i.e. allergic to domesticated dogs, also allergic to wolves)?

submitted by /u/BoboAUT
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So if I dug a hole straight through the earth then jumped in, would I stop in the center, or fall out the other side into the sky?

Posted: 15 Feb 2016 07:03 PM PST

This might be an idiotic question but I mean, would the gravity stop you, or would your momentum keep you going through?
(also yes I know this is impossible and I would burn up in the center of the earth, but this is hypothetical)

submitted by /u/shoeless25
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Would sea-dwelling mammals and seabirds perceive underwater as blurry/distorted the same way in which we do as humans?

Posted: 15 Feb 2016 11:15 PM PST

Given they are land creatures which also enter the sea- would they see underwater the same way we do? Or is there some sort of evolutionary trait which allows them see clear on land, and clear in the ocean as fish do as well? Please elaborate ! Thanks

submitted by /u/universalcathood
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How does this jpg file know my IP, ISP, Operating System, and Browser?

Posted: 15 Feb 2016 02:33 PM PST

Go to this page: http://www.last.fm/forum/21717/_/249772/1
And scroll to the bottom (the bottom of the bottom post, not all the way down to the footer). As part of a user's forum signature, there is an image that knows things about your computer/network.

How?

An image link is below in case people are reluctant to follow my link above, but you should try it for yourself!

http://i.imgur.com/aYxadwg.png

submitted by /u/Zagged
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Are there any potential ways to modify the human eye to see more of the electromagnetic spectrum?

Posted: 15 Feb 2016 02:02 PM PST

We only see a small piece of the electromagnetic spectrum. Is it even possible for man to potentially see more? If that is a possibility, how might technology expand the visible spectrum of light?

submitted by /u/theHangedGod
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Do gravitational waves have a wave equation?

Posted: 15 Feb 2016 05:47 PM PST

All waves should have an equation. Even electron waves have their own equation, derived by Schrodinger and then modified by Dirac to take into account special relativity.

In that case, what is the wave equation of a gravitational wave and how do you go about calculating it?

submitted by /u/eropagnis
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Is it possible to apply conventional physics to 4D space? If so, is there anything particularly interesting or different about them?

Posted: 15 Feb 2016 05:12 PM PST

Why do our eyes involuntarily shut when we hear loud sounds?

Posted: 15 Feb 2016 01:01 PM PST

For example when hammering nails, i mean wouldn't it be better to look for the source?

submitted by /u/Chief_Bandit
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Why is there a need for the concept of dark energy as an explanation for the expansion of the universe?

Posted: 15 Feb 2016 04:33 PM PST

Apparently points in the universe are increasing their distance with respect to each other. Why does there need to be some kind of force or energy to explain this? Why could the explanation not be that the universal lengthscale just is not constant or something along the lines?

submitted by /u/JaqueLeParde
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If I stood on a platform that was accelerating upwards (towards me) at 9.8m/s/s in space, would it realistically simulate earth's gravity?

Posted: 15 Feb 2016 06:01 PM PST

When I take a hot shower, my mirror fogs up. Is the mirror material better for water condensation, or is it simply the most obvious surface that condensation is occurring on?

Posted: 15 Feb 2016 01:17 PM PST

I understand why the fog occurs, but is it omnipresent or only on the mirror? Why is it more visible on the mirror?

submitted by /u/popeye_t_s_m
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What kind of physical properties determines the ions to move across a membrane at a different rate?

Posted: 15 Feb 2016 04:10 PM PST

In my textbook, it says "In aqueous solution, Na+ and Cl- do not move at the same rate; CL- is more mobile..than Na+. This is because ions dissolved in water carry with them a loosely associated "cloud" of water molecules, and Na+ must drag along a larger cloud than Cl-, causing it to move more slowly".

Is there a general rule where I can figure this out by looking at the periodic table? Does it have to do with the size of the ion?

Thanks in advance.

submitted by /u/ThyrosineChoi
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What would happen to life on earth of we were to experience 5,778 K (temperature of the sun) for only a yoctosecond?

Posted: 15 Feb 2016 01:39 PM PST

Would it be long enough to boil the earths oceans or is it too short of time to do any serious damage?

submitted by /u/xSUPERDUPERx182
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How can the temperature of the vacuum of space be measured when there is almost no matter to measure?

Posted: 15 Feb 2016 12:48 PM PST

How can the vacuum be measured when temperature is dependent on the average kinetic energy of matter?

submitted by /u/DameMoore2016
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Does string theory describe any actions or phenomena that occur in the hidden extra dimensions?

Posted: 15 Feb 2016 12:43 PM PST

Descriptions of string theory indicate various versions of theory require 6, 7, 10 or 11 dimensions whereas we only perceive 3, or 4 dimensions if you count time as one. The fact that we can't see or sense these dimensions is explained by suggestions that they are "compact" or curled up in tiny closed loops. Do any of the string theories describe forces or particles that transmit or translate through these hidden dimensions to create effects we can see and measure in the 3/4 visible dimensions? For example, particle quantum entanglement is bit of mystery in our current physics, especially the apparent "instaneous" communication of the quantum state information between entangled particles when one particle is measured. Do any of the string theories suggest the channel of communication between distantly separated entangled particles could be communicated through these hidden dimensions? Are there any other examples of forces or fields in the standard model that string theory says is operating through these dimensions?

submitted by /u/shiningPate
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