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Tuesday, February 9, 2016

Does the universe have a size limit the way it has a speed limit?

Does the universe have a size limit the way it has a speed limit?


Does the universe have a size limit the way it has a speed limit?

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I would imagine that it's some kind of ratio, but do objects in the universe have a size limit that they cannot exceed. My guess is that at a certain size it would implode or something.

Edit: Thank you so much for the gold, random Reddit citizen!

submitted by /u/Hashi856
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How far away from the sun do you have to be before it's not the brightest star visible?

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Zeroth derivative is position. First is velocity. Second is acceleration. Is there anything meaningful past that if we keep deriving?

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Intuitively a deritivate is just rate of change. Velocity is rate of change of your position. Acceleration is rate of change of your change of position. Does it keep going?

submitted by /u/elos_
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Rumors of a gravitational wave discovery are circulating. What would the implications of a discovery be?

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Does this discovery only mean legitimacy, which leads to funding and advancement? Or does this also mean a narrowing of a field of theories and therefore a refocusing of the science?

submitted by /u/Deepwebexplorer
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Why does male pattern baldness follow the pattern it does? i.e. from the top of the head down, often in a perfectly straight circle around the head.

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How does the brain calculate the passing of time independent of simple estimation? Is there a biological mechanism?

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The brain must use knowledge of how long thought processes take and can estimate time passing based on tasks and such, but is there a mechanism for linking to circadian rhythms or some other biological clock. I mean on a small scale. For example, I can often predict accurate to a minute or so when 5/10/15 minutes has passed, but my brain couldn't do this simply based on tasks, as time seems faster and slower based on different tasks. It also seems like such short spans of time are too short to rely on circadian rhythms. Is there some sort of feedback loop in brain neurons or is it biochemical?

submitted by /u/heymoon999
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If black holes have infinite mass and mass can be converted into energy if you can harness the power of a black hole can you have infinite energy?

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If astroid mining is feasible, is there a risk that the extra resources would cause 'over-fertilization' of certain minerals on earth? Could this cause biosphere-wide problems?

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Is there currently any research into Psilocybin as a possible cure for Tinnitus?

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Is there a method for determining the source of detected gravity waves?

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With the rumors about the possible detection of gravity waves, I was wondering if it will be possible to determine the location of the source of a signal. My understanding is that there are two detectors (for Advanced LIGO) so presumably the relative phase could determine the angle to a source relative to a line connecting the detectors. Is it possible that the time evolution of the signal could be compared to theory to estimate the redshift to obtain a distance, as well? That still leaves one dimension undetermined...

submitted by /u/DeadFinks
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Would anything in science change if we referred to protons as negative and electrons as positive? Are negative and positive only human names or do they have more meaning?

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If scientists decide tomorrow that everything that was positive is now negative, and everything that was negative is positive is now negative would anything change?

To clarify, I am just talking about charges.

submitted by /u/GoatAllu
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[Physics] Would anything occur if a positron was forced to collide with a proton?

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Would they both annihilate each other? If so, what happens? Would the charge be conserved or the mass, considering that if they are both annihilated completely, the proton's extra mass wouldn't be conserved, but if only a small part of the proton is annihilated, the charge isn't conserved.

submitted by /u/Sinkaix
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How did space program pioneering engineers like Von Braun and Korolev know the exact reentry trajectory and angle to successfully come back to earth when no one had ever attempted it before?

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They successfully reached space indeed, but how did they know at what specific angle, trajectory and point reentry should be made in order to get back safely?

Also, when we're talking about reentry, what margin of error that may result in either the module burning or being shot into outer space? Are we talking extremely low margins (+/- 0.something degrees) or is it more relaxed?

submitted by /u/rj_yul
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How do rigors "spread" throughout the body when someone feels cold or experiences a strong emotional response?

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How different are brains in "normal" people, and their structure, genetics and other things?

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By normal I mean someone without any known disorder, physical damage or whatever else that would affect it. I'm also curious if there is a vast difference in people one meets in regular life, that speak and act just like everyone else, but for some reason they have way more "brain power", and thus can process and understand things quicker and hold more things in their head and such (which is not easy to compare purely mentally, with your own mind / brains capabilities), and if their brains are statistically different from say, 80% of the population.

I'm also curious if technology and society increases the differences in intelligence, and if it also changes the physical structure of the brain to have access to education, the right environment etc, and if this could increase even more over time. I hope this isn't a stupid question too.

submitted by /u/noxbl
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What happens to volatile substances or compounds in vacuum?

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Does absence of atmosphere have any effect on volatility?

submitted by /u/goddamn_atheist
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Is lung expansion the cause or effect of breathing?

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Do our lungs expand to create a vacuum and pull in air (active) or do they expand simply to accommodate the incoming air (passive)?

submitted by /u/Kwad_Tahms
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Is Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) an alcohol?

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Why is the speed of light sometimes referred to as the universal speed limit?

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I have seen this phrase many time, and I am curious as to why? With enough propulsion couldn't something be accelerated past the speed of light?

submitted by /u/axelbuddy042187
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Is there a maximum acceleration of an object?

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Just like an object cannot go faster than the speed of light, is there some acceleration an object cannot go over?

submitted by /u/_cs
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Why can't helicopters fly at extreme altitudes but jets can? What's the difference between the two?

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I've always known this, but just don't understand why.

submitted by /u/ryuujinusa
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Getting total annual rainfall or "wetness" in some form for Australia?

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I am trying to find some data on the total annual and monthly rainfall for all of Australia and the total annual rainfall for all of Australia for each state and territory.

I know that that is not really practical as they don't measure rainfall everywhere at once but is there a way I could some form of data like this that just show the overall "wetness" in some way or another?

submitted by /u/Phoenix9103
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Is there an inverse placebo effect? I.E. a patient's disbelief in drug efficacy can literally make a drug less effective?

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Is there such a thing as an inverse of the placebo effect? How extensively has this been studied?

What I'm asking is how much people's negative expectations can actually reduce the efficacy of a drug. And if there's a term for this. I'm not asking about the nocebo effect, in which people report negative effects from an inert substance.

I know that negative attitudes can impact overall treatment outcomes, but how extensively has this been studied at the drug level? For example, say Drug X reliably reduces blood pressure in the general population. Is there any evidence that people who think, "Drugs don't work on me," will not see this same reduction?

(My example focuses on blood pressure because it is objectively measurable. I don't doubt that this happens for more subjective problems, like pain management.)

submitted by /u/byronicg
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Why there are more dinosaurs fossils than hominids fossils? Why diosaurs fossils are more preserved than human fossils?

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Monday, February 8, 2016

Why does a hair come back if I pull it out by the root? What's causing my body to say, "Oh, I remember there used to be a hair there, better regrow one."

Why does a hair come back if I pull it out by the root? What's causing my body to say, "Oh, I remember there used to be a hair there, better regrow one."


Why does a hair come back if I pull it out by the root? What's causing my body to say, "Oh, I remember there used to be a hair there, better regrow one."

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How can gravity be both a curvature in space time and a boson-carried force?

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The phrase 'dimensions' is used in science fiction all the time as another plane of existence; what does theoretical physics say about dimensions and whether they exist or in what terms the word 'dimension' is used for in science?

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Hopefully apart from length, width, and height.

submitted by /u/saddetective87
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How was avogadro's number initially calculated? How is it calculated now?

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What's happening when people get in a "zone" and suddenly become more productive or successful at repeated tasks? Like when a basketball player starts making a bunch of shots in a row. Is this a skill that can be learned?

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Are eyelid muscles flexing when they are open or when they are closed?

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During the day my eyelids are constantly opened, but at night they're constantly closed. Are the muscles controlling the eye lids constantly flexing all day to stay open or are are they constantly flexing all night to stay closed?

submitted by /u/Jaredlong
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Is it possible to describe knots using mathematical functions?

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[Physics] How is temperature measured or defined in a vacuum?

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Temperature is the average kinetic energy of atoms vibrating and whatnot so what is the temperature in a vacuum where there is no matter? Along this same line, would something cool in a vacuum if there is no matter to "absorb" its thermal energy?

submitted by /u/Mario_Naharis
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If water from a lake continuously flows into a river and then flows into the sea, why doesn't the lake get out of water?

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In a typical substance (lead for instance), how far apart are atoms relative to their size?

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What would a helium-filled balloon do in space?

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I can't wrap my head around what would happen, because in space there is no "up" for a helium balloon to go to, so what would happen?

submitted by /u/imnotquitedeadyet
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Is it possible for sea water to empty into the undersea oil wells that we are draining?

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I was on /r/mapporn and I read this comment talking of how if all the ice melted, and the sea level increased, the seawater could be diverted into the soon-to-be empty oil wells. If it was possible, how much sea level would it be able to lower?

submitted by /u/jesuisunnomade
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Why do antibiotics cause rapid growth in animals?

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I read recently that antibiotics are given to farm animals to make them grow bigger, faster.

Some people didn't believe me, so I looked it up again and confirmed it.

What's happening in these situations?

submitted by /u/SarahC
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What actually are the 'impurities' that allow flux tubes to penetrate superconductors, achieving Flux Pinning?

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I was curious about the process of Flux Pinning, and found that thin flux tubes from a magnetic field actually penetrate the superconductor itself, locking it in place, almost. However, I couldn't find any information on how or what these impurities are or come to be. Are they just small holes?

I'm not sure if this is too mundane a question to answer, but I find the whole subject of Flux Pinning fascinating.

I'm a Physics (British definition of) college student, so I'm essentially a layman, haha.

Thanks a lot.

submitted by /u/SickleSandwich
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Zika virus has been known about for 70 years, why is it only now a big issues? Has it always caused microcephaly, or is this new?

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[Physics]How is there a kinetic energy difference of accelerated objects of different mass?

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Let's say I push a trolley that weighs 1 kg with a force of 10 N for one second. According to F=m*a the trolley will accelerate to a speed of 10 m/s. Let's say I do the exact same but with a trolley that weighs 10 kg, it will accelerate to a speed of 1 m/s.

The kinetic energy of the two trolleys are E = ( 1 / 2 ) * ( 1 ) * ( 102 ) = 50 J and E = ( 1 / 2 ) * ( 10 ) * ( 12 ) = 5J.

If the applied force is the same, where does the 45J difference go? Does it take more energy to apply the same amount of force to a lighter object? That's the only thing I can think of but it doesn't seem right.

EDIT: Formatting.

submitted by /u/Sharproundedges
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Why are the Navier-Stokes equations called "the Navier-Stokes equations" instead of just "conservation equations"?

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I've been taking a CFD course and learning about the Navier-Stokes equations and something that I don't understand is this: why are the NS equations called the NS equations? Because every time the professor or a book or a paper introduces the NS equations, they always make it a point to point out that one equation represents the conservation of momentum, another represents the conservation of mass, and the final one represents the conservation of energy (which for my purposes has always been neglected). If the NS equations are simply the conservation of mass and momentum, then why don't we call them simply the conservation of mass and momentum, or even more simply Newton's laws?

submitted by /u/via_beering
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Wet lab glassware terminology help. What is it?

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Hi. I have found some glassware from a decommissioned laboratory and I'm curious what it is and a possible use for it.

Please tell me at least what it's called so I can google the information. Thank you.

Pictures

submitted by /u/vernimili
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How can this drink have 8 grams of carbs, but also 0 calories?

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http://imgur.com/WPnAmoi

What kind of carbohydrate can't be turned into energy?

submitted by /u/seanpadraic
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Sunday, February 7, 2016

Why are antennas a half wavelength?

Why are antennas a half wavelength?


Why are antennas a half wavelength?

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What would happen if it was a wavelength instead of half?

submitted by /u/HornySkeleton
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In the early 20th century, when ads for cigarettes were claiming their products were "supported by doctors," was there actual scientific evidence (biased or unbiased) that doctors used to make these claims at that time?

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I know it was fairly popular for even the doctor to smoke. I wonder if any of them that did actually based their choices on evidence of the time thinking they were making a sound decision.

submitted by /u/Whitytighty1
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Which 6 of the 16 Einstein field equations are duplicates, and why?

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This video around 12 minutes in explains that the Einstein field equation contains two indices, each of which can take one of four values (0,1,2,3 for t,x,y,z), which means one equation is really 16. Six of these equations are purportedly "duplicates." Which are they, and why?

submitted by /u/ktool
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Why do acetylation and methylation have their respective effects on DNA?

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Is there a simple concept behind this. I have trouble remembering which does which, and so knowing why it happens will help.

Thanks

submitted by /u/gorightthroughformsu
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How is soil perchlorate concentration affected with depth on Mars?

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In other words, can one dig a bit deeper beneath the martian top soil and find soil with a lower perchlorate concentration (for human use)?

If not, what would be the most efficient way of neutralizing these perchlorates while conserving water?

submitted by /u/6ixer
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Common sense tells me nuclear fusion and nuclear fission are mutually exclusive as a means of creating energy. Yet I know that stars make energy by fusing elements, and that our nuclear reactors exploit nuclear fission. How is it possible that both create energy?

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What is the smallest object that we have been able to observe the gravity of?

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What effect, if any, did the huge losses of life in WWII have upon the genetic health of the war torn populations?

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If a sphere's infinite amount of points were expanded from the center of the sphere(like a balloon) would there be gaps in between the points?

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Like if you marked every point on a sphere and each mark grew a straight "hair" away from the center would the sphere become hairy?

submitted by /u/oreNoWasuremono
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How fast would two Earth size planets have to be moving to orbit each other 100 miles apart?

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Does the gravity of the spinning earth drag satellites with it?

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Today I heard a space podcast talking about different orbital routes and saying that the "polar route", a circle which crosses north and southpole, is good because you can scan the whole earth while it is spinning under the satellite.

I heard that the earth drags the spacetime into some sort of spiral because it's rotating, so my question is: How big is the effect of this "space time wraping" on satellites?

submitted by /u/Simyala
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What is the difference between hydrogen and anti hydrogen?

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How do they vary chemically? Can I drink anti water without it affecting me?

submitted by /u/DementedDeutron
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Are there any (hypothetical) puzzles that can only be solved when moving parts of the puzzle at relativistic speeds?

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Does it make sense to speak of "liquid diamond?"

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I came across a topic here that mentioned liquid diamond for the sake of argument, and it struck me as odd. Doesn't the rigid structure of the carbon atoms determine the diamond allotrope of carbon? But indeed I quickly found reputable sources that mention it. How is this possible? What would it's properties be?

submitted by /u/sagan_drinks_cosmos
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Are there instances when an infection with one pathogen 'miraculously' cures another pathology or condition within the same patient?

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I feel as though I've heard anecdotal evidence that patient X had, for example, a pathology (acquired or intrinsic) and after becoming infected with another illness found their other malady disappeared. Any validity to this or evidenced-based studies you are aware of?

submitted by /u/Smad3
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Does quantum mechanics describe electricity?

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In quantum theory electrons move through two slits in a wave like fashion so does it makes sense that electricity jumps around to static points, not a wave. Like lighting. Further more, am I right in understanding that quantum theory explains the colours we see? ROYGBIV./

submitted by /u/xMordethx
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How will we service the James Webb telescope if needed?

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Is there any relationship between an organism's number of chromosomes and it's complexity or features?

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I was reading the Wikipedia article on humans and learned that all the other apes have 24 rather than 23 chromosomes. This made me interested in how many chromosomes other species have, and the list I found seems to be all over the place. Daisies have 2, rice has 24, hegehogs have a few hundred, a lot of mammals seem to have around 40, what exactly is going on here? I don't see any kind of pattern aside from the difference between hominids with 24 and 23 chromosomes. Plants, mammals, birds, and insects all seem to have all sorts of chromosome counts, so what's the deal here?

Why is there such a massive diversity of chromosomal numbers? Why do things with such different numbers of chromosomes look so similar? Why does it take 24 chromosomes to make rice but only 2 to make daisies? Is rice incredibly compliated? Inefficiently structured? Is a lot of it just redundant junk?

I have to say I'm absolutely mystified. This is something I'd never given the slightest thought to in the past but it seems significant.

submitted by /u/aidrocsid
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Is the density of the water at the bottom of the ocean lower than the water at the surface?

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If the rumor of gravitational waves is confirmed, would it be evidence of gravitons?

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I know it's not complete evidence, but it seems like now we can start to identify some properties of gravitons

submitted by /u/darkconfidantislife
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