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Sunday, January 17, 2016

Why does hair change as you age? ie in colour, curly to straight...

Why does hair change as you age? ie in colour, curly to straight...


Why does hair change as you age? ie in colour, curly to straight...

Posted: 16 Jan 2016 07:21 AM PST

When I was younger I had straight blond hair. Now I have completely different curly ginger hair with the opposite texture. I have heard of hair going straight to curly, but not so much the other way round. Why is this?

https://imgur.com/a/2y6ec Me for reference!

submitted by emmiebird
[link] [466 comments]

Would an immunodeficiency decrease or increase the risk of a patient getting cancer?

Posted: 17 Jan 2016 06:51 AM PST

This is an odd question fueled by my re-re-rewatching of House. I was thinking about the perfect storm of ailments (You know in house, where they cure one symptom only for another three to pop up).

Since AIDS destroys the immune system and Leukima basically sets it to overdrive, would a person with AIDS have a higher chance of getting a cancer like Leukemia?

submitted by gmz1013
[link] [4 comments]

Do animals commit suicide?

Posted: 16 Jan 2016 03:25 PM PST

Would a sufficiently fast spinning mirror distort the reflected image?

Posted: 16 Jan 2016 03:21 PM PST

Assuming a hypothetical perfectly smooth mirror, that can rotate at any speed including the speed of light.

Would the reflected light distort the image because the light is reflected in a different angle or from a different location? If so, at what speeds would this occur?

I know we can't accelerate an object with mass to (near)light speed, but let's assume this is the case.

submitted by T-i-m-
[link] [32 comments]

Does friction exist on a subatomic scale?

Posted: 16 Jan 2016 05:14 PM PST

As I understand it, friction is the result of electrostatic forces between different objects interacting (electrons and protons attracting and repelling each other). So if you were to take two neutrons and rub them together, would there be any friction?

submitted by theasianpianist
[link] [8 comments]

Why are some drugs can treat both neurological disorders and mental disorders? For example, valproate acts both as an anticonvulsant and as an mood-stabilizer. Does it implies that the cause of (some) neurological disorders and the cause of (some) mental disorders are the same or highly related?

Posted: 16 Jan 2016 08:00 AM PST

Are there already some researches about the relation of the cause of neurological disorders and the cause of mental disorders by contemporary scientists? Or does it still remains much room to research about their relation?

P.S. Thanks for everyone answering me!! :-) Since I have never received biology-related higher education! Also sorry for the grammar error in the title. I am in fact not a native English speaker...

Edit: Wow there are so many interesting discussions! I will probably find some books like Medical Pharmacology at a Glance or Physiology at a Glance to study it further.

submitted by patient3
[link] [61 comments]

What prevents full recovery of nerves after reattachment?

Posted: 16 Jan 2016 03:29 PM PST

In the Biology FAQ it says "It is impossible to get the axons to align in their original configuration". Why is this? Is there a difference between blood vessels and nerves in terms of structure that make this difficult? Is there a general time-frame in which nerves need to be reattached to gain usage of attached limbs? Thank you very much for any help.

submitted by PandanDragon
[link] [5 comments]

Why are Uranus's moons equatorial?

Posted: 16 Jan 2016 06:39 AM PST

Assuming a protoplanet (or more) collided with Uranus, why would the moons change their orbital plane to match Uranus's equator?

If they were there before the collision, how were they affected by the collision so that they moved so much? And if they were captured after the collision, why is it that they didn't stay in the ecliptic like pretty much every other moon or planet?

I thought that maybe it had to do with a similar mechanism as that which causes tidal locking, but even that seems too extreme. I've been searching for a few hours, with no results.

submitted by masasin
[link] [24 comments]

Does a tree's branch structure help to channel rain water towards its roots?

Posted: 16 Jan 2016 10:56 PM PST

How can a non-radioactive object become radioactive?

Posted: 16 Jan 2016 06:31 PM PST

I understand how naturally radioactive elements work, but how can paper (mostly the very stable Carbon), after being exposed to high levels of radiation, emit particles by itself?

The example is from Marie Curie's study notes, that are radioactive to this day.

submitted by mkronberg
[link] [2 comments]

If you could watch a chunk of a radioactive metal decay into other elements, what would it actually look like?

Posted: 16 Jan 2016 08:29 PM PST

Say it's an element with a relatively long half-life, maybe 1 year. Long enough that you could store it in a freezer and keep checking on it once in a while (assume for this question that you're immune to radiation poisoning), long enough that it doesn't immediately vaporize due to heat of decay, but still short enough to be observable in a lifetime.

Example 1: A metal decaying into liquid bromine. Would the metal produce droplets of liquid bromine that come off the surface of the metal?

Example 2: A metal decaying into a nonmetal. So if a metal decayed to sulfur, it would slowly turn yellow until enough of the atoms turn into sulfur that it crumbles apart? It would be like an alloy of sulfur and metal.

Example 3: Uranium decaying into radon. As pockets of radon form inside the uranium, it would become brittle and spongy.

submitted by MDaxo
[link] [7 comments]

Are the tectonic plates more stable at the poles, or the equator?

Posted: 16 Jan 2016 03:04 PM PST

Would the rotation of the earth cause the plates to shift more around the equator, where the rotation moves them faster, or at the poles, where they are basically spinning in place?

submitted by projectb223
[link] [1 comment]

Why is sometimes a number is invented when a solution is not found in a equation and sometimes not? What are the criteria when one is done or not?

Posted: 16 Jan 2016 07:02 AM PST

I think this is one of the major problem I found in understanding the imaginary number. You can sometimes simply make up something called a number when there is not a solution to some equations such as x2 + 1 = 0, but not in some equations such as 0*x = 1. The same goes with fractions, negative numbers etc... This is not at all explained in my formal education and is one of the reason why the imaginary number seems so magical.

submitted by batrobin
[link] [13 comments]

If put a drone on hover mode within a train, will it remain where it is as the train accelerates?

Posted: 16 Jan 2016 05:56 AM PST

How can Marie Curie's notebooks still be radioactive?

Posted: 16 Jan 2016 09:14 PM PST

Hi Reddit,

So I've covered some relevant physics (alpha, beta, gamma radiation, half-lives) but from my understanding alpha & beta radiation decay relatively quickly, gamma radiation goes through pretty much anything and the radioactive substance used by the Curies have long been removed.

If my understanding is correct, why are the Curie's notebooks still radioactive?

submitted by Ki1103
[link] [1 comment]

Granted we get some water from food, how does our body absorb the water we drink when all food and drink lands in our stomach acid? Does the water evaporate into gas?

Posted: 16 Jan 2016 08:10 PM PST

Are there long, unmyelinated nerves?

Posted: 16 Jan 2016 10:36 PM PST

I recently found (pdf) a textbook which says the postganglionic axons of the autonomic nervous system are unmyelinated. The postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system are quite long, but I was under the impression that nerves needed myelin to transmit over a long distance.

First, is the textbook correct? Second, is there some benefit to be had by having a long, unmyelinated axon?

submitted by hansn
[link] [1 comment]

Is a black hole really a hole? Or more of a ball?

Posted: 16 Jan 2016 10:18 PM PST

As I understand it, black holes are just collections of matter so incredibly dense that the force of gravity is greater than the speed of light. So, why is there this idea of a hole? As if it goes somewhere? I imagine it more as a big ball of matter pulling everything around it inwards, am I wrong?

submitted by zombdi
[link] [2 comments]

Do "strong acids" depronate/dissociate in non-polar solvents, thus resulting in a measurable pH?

Posted: 16 Jan 2016 10:49 AM PST

Probably an odd question, but from what I understand of acids and bases, acids lose a proton to water to form the hydronium ion, and then the pH is a measurement resulting from that. Are strong acids defined as completely dissociating to form their conjugate base and H+ (H3O+), or is the strength of the acid respective to the solvent the acid is in? For example, if HCl was in a nonpolar solvent, would the HCl dissociate at all (since there isn't H2O to form H3O+?)

submitted by blackhawk767
[link] [3 comments]

Saturday, January 16, 2016

If you uniformly heated a body of water to boiling, where would the bubbles form?

If you uniformly heated a body of water to boiling, where would the bubbles form?


If you uniformly heated a body of water to boiling, where would the bubbles form?

Posted: 15 Jan 2016 10:13 AM PST

I have a feeling that the answer is "from the bottom, because gravity." but I don't know or know why. Also, what if it were a sphere of water in space heated uniformly, would it bubble at all as it evaporated?

submitted by Pussygoo
[link] [395 comments]

How much water is there under the earths surface? Will springs ever stop producing water?

Posted: 15 Jan 2016 08:30 AM PST

Curious as to whether or not it's possible we can run out of water?

submitted by kris118212
[link] [36 comments]

Why are song tunes much more easily remembered than the lyrics?

Posted: 15 Jan 2016 10:43 PM PST

It's always easier to recall a tune than the lyrics to that tune, and I find this intriguing as words can be paired with physical objects and experiences, unlike notes.

submitted by DLAHB42
[link] [6 comments]

Can molecules with nearly identical composition affect each others' equilibrium constants and kinetics in solution?

Posted: 15 Jan 2016 08:42 AM PST

For example, glucose and glucose-6-phosphate have different equilibriums and kinetics in vivo because of the presence of the phosphate group. Diffusion of glucose into a cell is independent of the concentration of glucose-6-phosphate. However, what about for a large polypeptide that is permeable to the cell membrane, with an extra H+ or a PO4- that does not affect its chemical properties? Does the concentration of the protonated or phosphorylated (or any slight modification, really) polypeptide affect the diffusion of the unmodified protein? If it does not, how do we define the point at which a molecule is considered an independent solute with its own equilibrium?

submitted by throwawayforwhatevs
[link] [8 comments]

Are all wavelengths of EM radiation, for which an optical lens is transparent, refracted by it?

Posted: 16 Jan 2016 05:54 AM PST

Why doesn't Chandrasekhar's limit apply to a supermassive star's (<50 solar masses) core when it super/hypernovas?

Posted: 16 Jan 2016 03:09 AM PST

I currently only have wikipedia quotes as sources but here is what I have read and understand.

When a star is massive enough (10-50SM), over time through fusion their cores will reach a point where they are composed of nickle and iron. The core will continue to grow in mass until it reaches Chandrasekhar's limit of 1.4SM before collapsing in a type II supernova.

However, when regarding a supermassive star of >50SM which result in collapsars, the core (I'm assuming still nickle/iron?) can exceed Chandrasekhar's limit and reach that of 5-15SM before experiencing gravitational collapse in a type Ib/c (or maybe type II?) super/hypernova.

Is there something I'm missing? Maybe I'm not understanding something correctly? Any incite is appreciated. Thanks!

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypernova#Collapsar_model First and 2nd paragraphs

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_II_supernova#Core_collapse 2nd paragraph.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_Ib_and_Ic_supernovae#Formation

submitted by Wordythings
[link] [comment]

Why do asteroid belts form, rather than additional planets?

Posted: 15 Jan 2016 09:55 PM PST

Bonus question, why do some planets have rings, rather than additional moons?

submitted by noah9942
[link] [2 comments]

Is light visible?

Posted: 16 Jan 2016 07:28 AM PST

How many tuples can you construct from a multiset?

Posted: 16 Jan 2016 02:58 AM PST

Say I have the multiset {1,2,3,4,5,6,6,7,7,8,8}. How many distinct tuples (order matters) can be constructed using elements of the multiset? (for a tuple in this example the 1 can be used 0 or 1 time, the 6 can be used 0, 1 or 2 times)

submitted by unbelievable_sc2
[link] [comment]

What's the experimental evidence for neutrino flavours?

Posted: 16 Jan 2016 06:30 AM PST

How do we know there are different neutrino flavours and that there are only 3? How can a detector tell the difference between muon neutrinos and electron neutrinos? I'm a final year undergraduate and know a reasonable amount of particle physics in general, so feel free to get technical. Every time I google this I just get stuff about neutrino oscillations instead.

submitted by halfajack
[link] [2 comments]

Why would/does breathing into a paper bag help panic attacks?

Posted: 15 Jan 2016 10:51 PM PST

Seen it a lot in pop culture, people start having panic attacks or get extremely anxious they breathe into paper bags. Does it work? Why would it work? I don't understand.

submitted by karrotkayke
[link] [9 comments]

Approximately what fraction of mouse model study results are replicated in human trials?

Posted: 15 Jan 2016 09:35 PM PST

In other words, if I see a mouse model study that shows (unambiguously and with high confidence) that drug X is good or bad for Y, roughly speaking what probability should I assign the likelihood that the results of the study apply to humans? I understand this might be different for different areas of research, and I understand this isn't a binary thing (for example a mouse model might show more or less effect of drug X, on a spectrum, relative to humans), but I'm looking for an order-of-magnitude estimate for how seriously I should interpret mouse model data when no human data are available. I would sort of expect that someone has done this meta-analysis already.

submitted by ididnoteatyourcat
[link] [5 comments]

Why is space debris such a challenge to clean?

Posted: 16 Jan 2016 06:16 AM PST

I saw an article saying that even paint chips can breach spacecraft and cause huge problems. Why can't we "armor" ships or something or protect them some other way?

submitted by CrappyOrigami
[link] [3 comments]

[Biology] How do antibodies work and why has there never been a case of bacterial resistance to such antibodies?

Posted: 15 Jan 2016 08:37 AM PST

Can we feel (detect) acceleration?

Posted: 15 Jan 2016 11:37 PM PST

I was watching a video on relativity, and in it the professor said that the feeling/sensation of falling (free fall) is indistinguishable from that of being in space with no acceleration. (Cited) He went on to explain that the feeling we get from being in free fall comes from the absence of the normal forces that hold us up.

When in free fall, wouldn't our inner-ears be able to feel when we are accelerating at 9.8 m/s2 ?

submitted by HotelCaliforney
[link] [10 comments]

Would collecting the bacteria enzymes from rabbit cecal and soaking cellulose in the enzymes over a period of time allow for humans to digest cellulose?

Posted: 15 Jan 2016 06:32 PM PST

http://dujs.dartmouth.edu/fall-2010/turning-waste-into-food-cellulose-digestion

http://www.typesofbacteria.co.uk/friendly-bacteria-digestive-system.html

If I am correct; would it be possible to genetically engineer these cellulose loving bacteria to survive in the human intestine?

Maybe, through selective breeding by wiping out sequential populations of the bacteria in the same conditions they would experience in the human gut... and selecting the "survivors" for so many generations.

Then, maybe test to see if these engineered bacteria do not disrupt normal functioning in the gut.

If it's true that these bacteria rabbits use in digestion can also be used

submitted by sweepminja
[link] [comment]

What ingredients/methods of baking/chemicals make one type of bread more prone to mold than others?

Posted: 15 Jan 2016 08:06 PM PST

I know this might seem a bit silly, but it's a genuine question!

I've noticed my potato bread never molds, even after very long streches of time. However, plain white bread seems to mold within a week.

Do Rye/Potato/White/Sourdough all really have different tendencies to mold, or is that just my imagination?

If it's the case, why?

submitted by Night_Thastus
[link] [1 comment]

Is cancer becoming more rampant?

Posted: 15 Jan 2016 06:55 PM PST

Is it just because a lot of other diseases have been cut back or is there an increase in people getting cancer?

submitted by JakeThePom
[link] [6 comments]

Why stars doesn't visibly disappear regularly if there is so much space junk between us and them?

Posted: 16 Jan 2016 04:11 AM PST

When I'm looking at night sky, I can see stars - obvious, but between me and stars is so much of space junk like Oort cloud etc, and yet I never saw a star that would disappear for a while because some space object got between me and this star. Why is that?

submitted by Luke_Nuke
[link] [1 comment]

Do the nutritional values in food decrease every time you heat it back up?

Posted: 15 Jan 2016 06:41 PM PST

How do Epson salt baths help muscle pain? How and why?

Posted: 15 Jan 2016 07:34 PM PST

I was googling, and I found so much contradictory information, and no real explanations as to why bathing in Epson salts is better than just a regular hot water bath.

submitted by DSV686
[link] [2 comments]

If the so called "periodical cicadas" (the infamous 13 and 17-year cicadas) emerge and reproduce in 13 and 17 year cycles, does that mean that every 221 years there will be a year when both types of periodical cicada will emerge?

Posted: 15 Jan 2016 08:49 PM PST

I was just wondering if there would ever be a situation when both the 17 and 13 year cicadas emerged at the same time and caused the worst cicada swarm ever, or at least emerged at different times in the year and produce two separate swarms. If this is so, what sort of ecological impacts would this have had or has had? Also, does anyone know when the next 13 or 17 year cicada swarm will be?

submitted by RIPGeorgeHarrison
[link] [3 comments]

Friday, January 15, 2016

How does physical manipulation (e.g. massage) relax muscles? Does pressure create physiological changes in the tissue?

How does physical manipulation (e.g. massage) relax muscles? Does pressure create physiological changes in the tissue?


How does physical manipulation (e.g. massage) relax muscles? Does pressure create physiological changes in the tissue?

Posted: 14 Jan 2016 08:41 PM PST

Maybe another way to put this might be: How much of muscle relaxation is physiological and how much is psychological?

Edit: Please provide credible sources if possible. Perhaps understandably, this field is full of personal theories without scientific support, so if you could provide links to appropriate sources of research, that would be extremely valuable

submitted by superhelical
[link] [114 comments]

Can someone go through early life and puberty in a coma?

Posted: 15 Jan 2016 12:52 AM PST

What would the physical consequences be if someone being born in a coma (or going into a coma a few days after birth) and living in a coma for the first 18 years. If that person woke up would they be able to catch up with brain and muscle development? Would it be possible to stimulate muscle and organ development or would the organs fail?

submitted by leparazitus
[link] [17 comments]

Are the orbital planes of most solar systems in the Milky Way coplanar with the galaxy? And is there any benefit in defining a galactic "up" and "down" convention?

Posted: 15 Jan 2016 03:47 AM PST

Why do those stripes form besides an/this nuclear blast? (Camp Desert Rock nuclear test)

Posted: 14 Jan 2016 07:17 AM PST

To the left of the atomic cloud

Screenshot

edit: tfw your thread explodes but you get no karma, thanks for all the answers!

submitted by I_am_a_Failer
[link] [242 comments]

Is there a finite number of possible fingerprints?

Posted: 15 Jan 2016 06:34 AM PST

If so, how likely is it that there are two people in the world with identical fingerprints alive at the same time?

submitted by LynxSys
[link] [2 comments]

If you were thousands of feet below the ocean's surface, would a few photons still occasionally make it down to you?

Posted: 14 Jan 2016 07:13 PM PST

I know that it's pitch black beyond a certain depth in the ocean, and I'm guessing that it becomes increasingly difficult to find a single photon at certain depths, but do any photons find their way down into zones which are otherwise pitch black? What's the farthest down we would expect to find a single photon?

submitted by bdubs17
[link] [21 comments]

Is the crude oil extracted from North America the same chemical makeup as oil from the Middle East?

Posted: 14 Jan 2016 04:54 PM PST

Is there a way to insulate/shield against an electromagnetic field the way lead and other dense material can shield against radiation?

Posted: 15 Jan 2016 03:34 AM PST

The newest global temperatur map released by Berkeley Earth is terrifying to say the least. But I'm curious about what is happening in the north Atlantic?

Posted: 15 Jan 2016 01:30 AM PST

There is a record cold spot in the middle of the North Atlantic, between Greenland and Iceland, and I am curious if it's just a result of the chaotic nature of the climate short-term, or if it has some significance. I'm from the Faroe Islands, so I may be biased.

Link to the temperatur map.

submitted by baldman1
[link] [2 comments]

What components on the Opportunity rover have failed so far and how has that affected it's usefulness?

Posted: 14 Jan 2016 11:45 AM PST

As a follow-up question, assuming the solar panels continue to stay clean and absorb enough sunlight, which component is most likely to be the killing blow upon failure?

submitted by RubberTrucky
[link] [4 comments]

[Physics] why do teabags inflate when you pour hot water on them?

Posted: 15 Jan 2016 06:28 AM PST

I've noticed that when I pour hot water into a tea cup with a tea bag at the bottom, the tea bag inflates. Why is this?

submitted by UltimateTrainRape
[link] [2 comments]

Are there any quantifiable long term (5+ years) effects of exam-related stress?

Posted: 14 Jan 2016 11:29 AM PST

In particular I'm thinking of the increased emphasis (over the last couple of decades) being placed on exam results as the means of getting a job and leading the idealised consumerism-based lifestyle, and whether failure to meet these goals has any effect on well-being (psychological or otherwise).

submitted by Sadryon
[link] [4 comments]

What happens to pharmaceutical medicine when they are past their expiration date?

Posted: 14 Jan 2016 05:37 PM PST

Does the chemical composition change to make it less effective? Or maybe toxic?

Are these not stable compounds? Do environmental factors have an effect?

How is the expiration date calculated?

submitted by rugbyslide
[link] [10 comments]

When I move, do I give off ionizing or non-ionizing radiation?

Posted: 14 Jan 2016 05:59 PM PST

Radiation is the transfer of energy in waves, so anything that moves gives it off. But is that radiation ionizing (bad)?

submitted by Cacts
[link] [8 comments]

How do processes that change copper's surface color and appearance affect it?

Posted: 14 Jan 2016 12:29 PM PST

This is actually a collection of several questions related to copper I'm trying to get my head around, regarding patina and the gasoline-on-concrete look heated copper has.

Patina

Is patina a form of rust, or is rust specifically iron?

If in a high corrosion environment, like a dock, would patina form faster, like iron rust does, or would the metal corrode another way?

Heated copper

Is this a reaction to a sudden temperature change, or would slowly heating copper have the same effect?

Does the thickness/density of the copper put on the flame change anything?

Can you tell anything about the copper from what pattern forms, or is it completely dependent on the heat?

Does the flame have to touch the copper to change its color?

How does cast copper etc. keep its uniform copper color, despite being exposed to such heat? Does the oxidation have to be cleaned off, after?

Can the oxidation colors be cleaned off easily?

& combo

What happens if you heat tarnished copper? How does the patina react to the flame?

Does heating copper protect it from forming a patina? Does it affect the type and color of patina that ensues?

I know there's copper cookware and it can work as a heat diffuser. Are they specifically treated to not develop the coloring when heated? Is it just expected from having a copper utensil?

Any answer helps! It's a hodge-podge, here.

submitted by joddish
[link] [4 comments]

Why are electron orbitals shaped the way they are?

Posted: 15 Jan 2016 03:56 AM PST

What causes "dormant" clouds to be white and "storm" clouds to be grey?

Posted: 14 Jan 2016 08:18 PM PST

Does the order of your GPU heatsinks, CPU heatsink, radiators, etc. make any difference in a water cooling loop?

Posted: 14 Jan 2016 03:16 PM PST

My friend says it doesn't because the water will all reach equilibrium according to the laws of thermodynamics.

I say having a big radiator right before the GPUs would cool it faster than putting the radiator anywhere else.

Could you help us settle this?

submitted by EpicGibs
[link] [11 comments]

Is it immposible to have more than 126 protons in a nucleus ?

Posted: 14 Jan 2016 10:51 PM PST

I read that it is impossible to have more than 126 protons in a nucleus because the repulsion of the protons overcomes the strong force. Also I have seen a video about quantum tunneling (minutephysics) and they mentioned that due to quantum tunneling there is a slim chance to find an electron in the nucleus. So is it possible to stabilize the nucleus by adding electrons ? I don't compleatly grasp the duality of the electron and I'm not sure if it will stay in the nucleus. I'm a 10th grade student so if my question is stupid and I lack some common physics knowledge you are free to roast me.

submitted by zarie125
[link] [4 comments]

Would a bullet travel slower through a tank filled with heavy water (deuterium) as opposed to regular water?

Posted: 14 Jan 2016 02:37 PM PST

How do multiple copies of a gene work together?

Posted: 14 Jan 2016 04:48 PM PST

I was recently reading The Secret of Our Success and one part mentioned that humans possess 6 to 8 copies of a certain gene related to a protein involved in digesting starches while chimpanzees only possess a couple of copies. That made me wonder just how multiple copies of genes work. Would all the copies of the gene generally be being transcribed at a given time? If not why not just increase the amount of time that gene spends being activated? Would there tend to be any interesting genetic variation between the different copies a person might possess? If they aren't all active at the same time, could different copies have different activation criteria?

submitted by symmetry81
[link] [4 comments]

What is the difference between an alpha particle and a Helium atom?

Posted: 14 Jan 2016 05:42 PM PST

They both have 2 protons and 2 neutrons, so I was wondering if we can bottle and use alpha particles in the same way we use helium. For example, can inhaling an alpha particle cause our voices to go higher?

submitted by MrFroYo
[link] [12 comments]