If you have an organ transplant, will your body gradually replace the DNA in it with your own, or will the cells continue to regenerate with the same external DNA?

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• If you have an organ transplant, will your body gradually replace the DNA in it with your own, or will the cells continue to regenerate with the same external DNA?
• Is it possible to sneeze during sleep?
• Just started reading the Martian, could the thin atmosphere actually make a duststorm?
• What do we know about how the brain stores memories?
• If I were to travel around a circle at a constant rate what would be the average degree I was at?
• What is cuteness aggression and what purpose does it serve?
• Physics noob: What happens to the suns heat after it hits the earth?
• How are latitude and longitude defined for irregularly shaped asteroids, such as Eros?
• Is it possible for humans to build an artificial continent?
• What makes metal shiny?
• What do we know about the evolution of metamorphosis?
• Magnetic fields in lorentz transformation?
• It is known that sight and hearing deteriorate with age, but do smell, taste, and touch deteriorate with age as well?
• What the heck is going on with this warm weather all autumn/winter?
• Why would chronic hyperinsulinemia induce hunger?
• Why is neon so rare on Earth?
• What is happening chemically when bread goes stale?

If you have an organ transplant, will your body gradually replace the DNA in it with your own, or will the cells continue to regenerate with the same external DNA? Posted: 15 Dec 2015 01:45 AM PST submitted by nomad1c [link] [68 comments]

Is it possible to sneeze during sleep? Posted: 14 Dec 2015 09:35 PM PST Do you just wake up and sneeze and then right after fall back to sleep, or do you sneeze while sleeping or is it simply not doable? submitted by kirrapengar [link] [10 comments]

Just started reading the Martian, could the thin atmosphere actually make a duststorm? Posted: 15 Dec 2015 03:02 AM PST It seems like the author goes out of his way to be technical and precise, but then notes that there's a 1% atmosphere. Could that actually lift martian dust up? Also, at the beginning, Mark Watley is injured in a 175 km/hr dust storm - what would that feel like? Is any of that part realistic? submitted by like_to_climb [link] [8 comments]

What do we know about how the brain stores memories? Posted: 14 Dec 2015 03:55 PM PST I know that there is a lot that we don't know about this but, what is known about the brain and the way it deals with memory? submitted by b2me75 [link] [13 comments]

If I were to travel around a circle at a constant rate what would be the average degree I was at? Posted: 14 Dec 2015 02:11 PM PST submitted by sparklyglitterbomb [link] [10 comments]

What is cuteness aggression and what purpose does it serve? Posted: 14 Dec 2015 02:47 PM PST I'm a 6'3" broad shouldered college student and want to know why every time I see a picture of a kitten on Reddit I want to punch a hole through my wall. submitted by AlbinoBlackMan123 [link] [7 comments]

Physics noob: What happens to the suns heat after it hits the earth? Posted: 15 Dec 2015 12:14 AM PST Here is my very noobish and probably wrong understanding of the physics of heat on Earth. Sun sends rays, rays warm up planet, get stored in plants, animals eat plants, energy becomes kinetic as animals and people move, that energy then becomes heat, then becomes radiation. Is that correct? If it is (which I'm probably guessing it isn't, I'm probably missing something) then the sun has been shining down on earth for billions of years, what happens to all that radiation? Is it why we have lightning? (probably not but again, I'm really trying to grasp this) Thanks! Please be nice. 'Physics' submitted by BrandoMcGregor [link] [1 comment]

How are latitude and longitude defined for irregularly shaped asteroids, such as Eros? Posted: 15 Dec 2015 12:30 AM PST submitted by inter_zone [link] [comment]

Is it possible for humans to build an artificial continent? Posted: 14 Dec 2015 05:42 PM PST Let's say overpopulation gets to a point where the situation is no longer maintainable. Could humans build a giant artificial continent in the middle of the Pacific ocean to help alleviate the crowding? submitted by TheCosmicSerpent [link] [2 comments]

What makes metal shiny? Posted: 14 Dec 2015 10:59 AM PST I presume shininess isn't unique to metals and metals themselves may vary in how shiny they are. But metals have unique properties that make them, well, metals (conductivity, malleability, etc). I can understand conductivity is related to how the electrons are arranged, malleability is also probably related to this. But why the fairly commonplace shininess? Is it also the electro chemical properties of the metal that make it shiny or is it something else? And if so, why? submitted by OK6502 [link] [11 comments]

What do we know about the evolution of metamorphosis? Posted: 14 Dec 2015 06:38 AM PST submitted by Shmurfy [link] [4 comments]

Magnetic fields in lorentz transformation? Posted: 14 Dec 2015 08:22 AM PST Hi, First of all magnetic fields always seemed counterintuitive to me and i hope to change this a little. I read that the magnetic field is just the transformation of the electric field to a moving observer, but is this observer stationary to the moving charge or to the movement of the field (=c) ? I mean let's take a straight wire with a current inside and a stationary electric charge close to the wire. My knowlegde says they shouldn't influence each other. But there certainly is an observer that sees both of the charge as current flowing in some direction and so they should influence each other via lorenz force. And how about induction? Can it be derived from any static electric effect with the transformation? God i hate being taught laws but not where they come from. submitted by MfgLuckbot [link] [2 comments]

It is known that sight and hearing deteriorate with age, but do smell, taste, and touch deteriorate with age as well? Posted: 14 Dec 2015 06:21 AM PST I deleted my previous thread and reposted because it got upvotes but no responses and I'd really like to know. submitted by Hipp013 [link] [2 comments]

What the heck is going on with this warm weather all autumn/winter? Posted: 14 Dec 2015 12:37 PM PST I'm in school in the Albany, NY area and usually around early-mid October I can't go outside without a sweatshirt or risk immediate hypothermia. Today, I went to do some errands and I was walking around comfortably in a no-sleeve shirt and shorts. What's the deal? Is this the direct result of global warming, a lesser effect, an El Nino/Nina? submitted by yanksin1st [link] [2 comments]

Why would chronic hyperinsulinemia induce hunger? Posted: 14 Dec 2015 03:11 PM PST Acutely, the release of insulin is associated with satiety. However, I have come across a number of papers that associate hyperinsulinemia with chronic hunger. I'm having trouble thinking of a mechanism for this. Anyone have any insight? submitted by moocow2024 [link] [4 comments]

Why is neon so rare on Earth? Posted: 14 Dec 2015 08:49 AM PST Neon is something like the 5th most abundant element in the Universe, and yet it makes up a tiny amount of our atmosphere and crust. It's non-reactive, so I can see why it wouldn't form any compounds in the crust, but I don't see why it would be so rare in the atmosphere. It's more abundant by mass than nitrogen in the Solar System, and yet in our atmosphere, there's about 40000 times more nitrogen than there is neon. There's even more argon than there is neon, even though the two are chemically similar and neon is way more abundant in general. What gives? submitted by Redingold [link] [2 comments]

What is happening chemically when bread goes stale? Posted: 14 Dec 2015 04:21 AM PST Why do breads get hard when they go stale but chips and crackers get soft? submitted by pemagraneto [link] [4 comments]

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What changes does the human body and brain go through between the ages of 18 and 25 ?

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• What changes does the human body and brain go through between the ages of 18 and 25 ?
• How common are planets with tilts like ours? Are seasons a common occurrence in the universe or is earth actually a rare case?
• How do we account for the gain/loss of time in a day due to earthquakes and tectonic activity?
• How do scientists figure out how an extinct language sounded like?
• Does a black hole ever appear to collapse?
• Why do viruses have such complex antigen structures which follow distinct geometrical patterns?
• Can we infer from genetics the baseline lifespan of a person?
• Are migratory bird patterns disrupted when there's a very mild warm winter?
• What kinds of cancer can we diagnose from fossils?
• Why is x^x only defined for x>0?
• Why does adding just a single proton to an atom completely change its chemical and physical properties, and change it into a new element?
• Solving world hunger with enzymes? Why not?
• How come The majority of cars run on internal piston combustion engines over turbofan engines?
• If two people held a string stretching from one side of the universe to the other, would it snap due to the expansion of the universe?
• Why is there mirror-like symmetry on the outside (limbs, face, etc.) yet a lot of internal systems are asymmetric (location of the heart, digestive system, vein structure in opposite limbs, etc.) ?
• What property makes something magnetic?
• How much force would be needed if you were to jump from the moon, back to earth?
• Does a particle with negative energy have a temperature of below absolute zero?
• Why do we define the prime numbers to be greater than 1?
• What is the aperture of the human eye and does our depth of field change in low light?
• What is red shift and what do we use it for?
• How do scientists describe where something is in the universe?
• Is it possible to know if a hash function can have collisions just by observing its algorithm?
• What is the process behind genetically modifying fruits to be seedless?

What changes does the human body and brain go through between the ages of 18 and 25 ? Posted: 13 Dec 2015 11:38 AM PST I'm 22 currently and feel like a totally different person in the same body compared to who I was at 18. How exactly has my body and mind changed so far and what changes will I go through next as I heard you stop developing at 25 and then you just age. submitted by BoredBrit1 [link] [24 comments]

How common are planets with tilts like ours? Are seasons a common occurrence in the universe or is earth actually a rare case? Posted: 13 Dec 2015 11:56 AM PST submitted by totallyafk [link] [91 comments]

How do we account for the gain/loss of time in a day due to earthquakes and tectonic activity? Posted: 13 Dec 2015 01:32 PM PST I'm aware of how earthquakes, such as that last big one in Japan, can cause the earth to spin faster, but I'm wondering how we can account for these moments in time. submitted by Motocid [link] [13 comments]

How do scientists figure out how an extinct language sounded like? Posted: 13 Dec 2015 11:40 AM PST Decoding an extinct language is amazing. I wonder even if we discover the meaning of symbols, how do we know what sound was associated with that symbol? submitted by an_ordinary_person [link] [18 comments]

Does a black hole ever appear to collapse? Posted: 14 Dec 2015 07:39 AM PST I was recently watching Brian Cox's "The science of Dr Who" and in it, he has a thought experiment where we watch an astronaut traveling into a black hole with a giant clock on his back. As the astronaut approaches the event horizon, we see his clock tick slower and slower until he finally crosses the event horizon and we see his clock stopped. Does this mean that if we were to watch a star collapse into a black hole, we would forever see a frozen image of the surface of the star as it was when it crossed the event horizon? If so, how is this possible since in order for light to reach us, it needs to be emitted by a source, but the source is beyond the event horizon which no light can cross? submitted by mc2222 [link] [1 comment]

Why do viruses have such complex antigen structures which follow distinct geometrical patterns? Posted: 13 Dec 2015 11:54 AM PST submitted by FishiMishi [link] [5 comments]

Can we infer from genetics the baseline lifespan of a person? Posted: 13 Dec 2015 01:54 PM PST I know that genetics offer clues to the chances of developing diseases and cancers before environmental factors. Can this be extended to general aging to offer an outlook on someone's lifespan? Is there even a genetic component that significantly impacts lifespan? Note: by "lifespan" I mean the time it takes for normal, inevitable aging processes to kill someone; disregarding cancers and other diseases (even typical) submitted by SirNanigans [link] [3 comments]

Are migratory bird patterns disrupted when there's a very mild warm winter? Posted: 13 Dec 2015 01:41 PM PST I live in a state that has four seasons, but this winter hasn't come yet and it's still about 60°. I'm wondering if migratory bird patterns are disrupted at all because of this. submitted by inexion [link] [7 comments]

What kinds of cancer can we diagnose from fossils? Posted: 13 Dec 2015 12:59 PM PST Is it possible to identify cancers besides bone or exoskeleton neoplasms from fossils? submitted by ferrari4ari [link] [4 comments]

Why is x^x only defined for x>0? Posted: 13 Dec 2015 07:25 PM PST Basically I was doing a question where I had to sketch xx and after differentiating, saw that the derivative was xx (1+ln(x)). This struck me as weird, as that meant that the derivative was only defined for x>0. My calculator can do integer values for x<0 however. I then graphed it: http://m.imgur.com/DWD8Kmi and saw it was only define for x>0. Shouldn't it have values for the integer values of x<0, or is that still technically not in the domain for x^x . I would've thought the domain would be all integer values of x, and x>0 for any non integer value of x. Thanks for any replies! submitted by coolamebe [link] [7 comments]

Why does adding just a single proton to an atom completely change its chemical and physical properties, and change it into a new element? Posted: 13 Dec 2015 11:38 AM PST submitted by blueredscreen [link] [31 comments]

Solving world hunger with enzymes? Why not? Posted: 13 Dec 2015 08:56 AM PST We have pills which give us enzymes, such as lactase, which allow us to digest certain sugars, such as lactose in dairy. Why then is it that we cannot make a pill for cellulase, enabling people to digest the cellulose in plants and possible solving world hunger? Does it have anything to do with the fact that it is never found naturally in the human body? submitted by TheChiliagon [link] [13 comments]

How come The majority of cars run on internal piston combustion engines over turbofan engines? Posted: 13 Dec 2015 10:02 PM PST how come 99% of fossil fuel driven cars use a piston engine? planes, helicopter, and even tanks have switch to more effective methods, i.e. gas turbine engines, and havn't used piston driven engines since WW2. I know there were projects to make gas turbine cars, Chrysler had a car https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysler_Turbine_Car as well as jaguar has a super car https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaguar_C-X75 and a couple others if you look on the turbo fan wiki page. My question is why arent these engines being fitted into present day cars? and what would the draw backs be of cars with turbofan engines? submitted by romanianguy [link] [6 comments]

If two people held a string stretching from one side of the universe to the other, would it snap due to the expansion of the universe? Posted: 13 Dec 2015 09:37 PM PST submitted by Vente1 [link] [6 comments]

Why is there mirror-like symmetry on the outside (limbs, face, etc.) yet a lot of internal systems are asymmetric (location of the heart, digestive system, vein structure in opposite limbs, etc.) ? Posted: 13 Dec 2015 08:30 AM PST submitted by Jgrnaut_vibe [link] [9 comments]

What property makes something magnetic? Posted: 13 Dec 2015 03:16 PM PST I mean in the sense like more mass = more gravity. I am hoping to understand that more blank = more magnetic. submitted by boredonpatrol [link] [12 comments]

How much force would be needed if you were to jump from the moon, back to earth? Posted: 14 Dec 2015 02:24 AM PST Yes, I mean jump. Only force is the initial force. submitted by gusti123 [link] [6 comments]

Does a particle with negative energy have a temperature of below absolute zero? Posted: 13 Dec 2015 08:40 PM PST submitted by swaggy_butthole [link] [3 comments]

Why do we define the prime numbers to be greater than 1? Posted: 13 Dec 2015 04:08 PM PST Why don't we define the prime numbers to be greater than 0 instead? Sure, we'd find that 1 is prime now, but how would this impact math and would it be considered bad? submitted by Birdman2246 [link] [5 comments]

What is the aperture of the human eye and does our depth of field change in low light? Posted: 13 Dec 2015 12:41 PM PST I see a lot of questions and speculation about the "resolution" of the human eye, but as a filmmaker, I'm interested if there's a quantifiable "aperture." When our pupils dilate in low light, does that shrink our depth of field as well? For those that don't know, aperture is a setting in photography and film that determines how much light a camera lets in through its lens. This also can affect the "depth of field". In low light, you use a low aperture which opens up the lens but reduces the amount of objects that are in and out of focus. submitted by 2drums1cymbal [link] [2 comments]

What is red shift and what do we use it for? Posted: 13 Dec 2015 10:30 PM PST submitted by omgdisease [link] [5 comments]

How do scientists describe where something is in the universe? Posted: 13 Dec 2015 01:16 PM PST To locate a place on earth, we use Longitude and Latitude, and everything works because it's in 2 dimensions and the continents are not constantly moving. But in space, there are 3 dimensions and everything is constantly in motion. So how do scientists describe the coordinates of various stars or planets in the universe? submitted by intimidatingTim [link] [7 comments]

Is it possible to know if a hash function can have collisions just by observing its algorithm? Posted: 13 Dec 2015 12:38 PM PST submitted by blueredscreen [link] [14 comments]

What is the process behind genetically modifying fruits to be seedless? Posted: 13 Dec 2015 11:55 AM PST How do we create seedless watermelons, etc? submitted by l3g3ndairy [link] [4 comments]

You are subscribed to email updates from AskScience: Got Questions? Get Answers.. To stop receiving these emails, you may unsubscribe now.	Email delivery powered by Google
Google Inc., 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA 94043, United States

Is the expansion of the universe accelerating?

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• Is the expansion of the universe accelerating?
• Is there only one series of events the universe can follow?
• Where are Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Rays in the electromagnetic spectrum?
• Can the existence of randomness be proven?
• Have we created the "hottest event" we "know of" in the universe (using LHC particle collisions) since the Big Bang?
• Andromeda is approaching the Milky Way instead of moving away like every other galaxy. Was that a big problem in the process of connecting redshift with distance of galaxies?
• Electrons have a lower and lower chance of being in a location the farther they are from the nucleus. However, this chance is never zero. Could the sum of the negative charges of all electrons vastly distant from their parent atoms exert any kind of significant force on the universe as a whole?
• Do silver polishes remove the silver oxide or completely or just remove the oxygen?
• If an object were to have high enough gravity, could it cause effected objects in excess of the speed of light toward it?
• What occurs in the brain during an out of body experience?
• What organism on earth has the shortest lifespan?
• Light is affected by gravity because it has energy. Since blue light has more energy than red light, does that mean blue light is more affected by gravity than red light?
• why does some bread go super hard when it get's stale, but other go really rubbery?
• Is there any material harder then diamond?
• Can emotions be measured scientifically?
• Why do Australians have the highest per capita CO2 emissions?
• Why do domesticated canids have a huge size diversity and domesticated felids have a much smaller size diversity when the wild members of those groups show an inverse propensity?
• How does a plane provide lift?
• How large does Jupiter look from Saturn?
• Could stress really cause hair loss?
• Why don't babies and puppies learn how to walk similarly?
• It seems that DNA mutation creating a start codon would cause your body to produce a bunch of a random protein. Could this have detrimental effects on an animal's health?
• What is the equivalent of upthrust on a solid surface?

Is the expansion of the universe accelerating? Posted: 13 Dec 2015 03:47 AM PST I've heard it said before that it is accelerating... but I've recently started rewatching How The Universe Works, and in the first episode about the Big Bang (season 1), Lawrence Kraus mentioned something that confused me a bit. He was talking about Edwin Hubble and how he discovered that the Universe is expanding, and he said something along the lines of "Objects that were twice as far away (from us), were moving twice as fast (away from us) and objects that were three times as far away were moving three times as fast".... doesn't that conflict with the idea that the expansion is accelerating???? I mean, the further away an object is, the further back in time it is compared to us, correct? So if the further away an object is, is related to how fast it appears to be moving away from us, doesn't that mean the expansion is actually slowing down, since the further back in time we look the faster it seems to be expanding? Thanks in advance. submitted by euls12 [link] [24 comments]

Is there only one series of events the universe can follow? Posted: 12 Dec 2015 12:30 PM PST This concept is sort of hard for me to explain, so sorry in advance for any stupidity or confusion. Let's start with an example: If two identical particles collide something will happen (obviously), but what if we could recreate that collision in every way. Speed, distance, orientation, etc. would all be the same. I'm also not taking into account any other forces. I'm assuming this collision occurs in a vacuum with no gravitational force from any other objects beside the two particles. If all the variables are exactly the same it stands to reason that the end result of the collision would be the same. Now let's apply this on a larger scale. Lets say two cars crashed together, and again something happens. Now if we recreate the crash again with every single atom and particle in the same position and orientation, presumably the same result would occur. Now let's apply this to the entire universe. Science tells us that there was a beginning to the universe. Right before the big bang all matter in the universe was very hot and tightly packed. Every atom and particle had a position, orientation, and speed. All forces in the universe acted according to the laws of physics. So is the resulting universe, and everything in it, just an inevitable result that was guaranteed to happen due to the starting conditions of all the matter and energy in the universe? Sorry if this is a poor explanation. Please feel free to ask for clarification. Much thanks. submitted by Swivle_Swerve [link] [41 comments]

Where are Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Rays in the electromagnetic spectrum? Posted: 12 Dec 2015 06:02 PM PST I can't find an answer without a staggering amount of jargon, so I'll ask this here, to you physicists. Are these rays a type of radiation, like a subgroup of X rays or something? How do they work? submitted by Jayx2001 [link] [12 comments]

Can the existence of randomness be proven? Posted: 12 Dec 2015 07:37 PM PST My brother and I were arguing about if the simple act of going back in time would result in a different future regardless of how much impact you had on time. In the end the argument came down to my belief that some things are truly completely random and thus would alter the past timeline without interference by yourself while he believed that true randomness does not exist and thus if you did nothing to alter the past it would repeat in the exact same way. As such I would like to know if we know of something that is truly random or have evidence that true randomness exist in some way. I don't know if mathematics is the best flair for this but I can't think of anything better. submitted by ninja-robot [link] [18 comments]

Have we created the "hottest event" we "know of" in the universe (using LHC particle collisions) since the Big Bang? Posted: 12 Dec 2015 07:40 PM PST There's been some recent discussion and articles like this one that have been interpreted to suggest we have created a condition in the LHC that has not occurred since the Big Bang. This BBC infographic http://i.imgur.com/OBtEMzG.jpg (source) has no condition or event between the LHC "temperature" and the energy levels just after the Big Bang. Also see this and this. Are we comparing apples and oranges when we compare temperatures of a nanosecond high-energy collision experiment to observed energies from natural events like supernova? Isn't it probable that these extremely high "temperatures" (or particle collision energies if I understand correctly) ARE found within well known, high energy phenomena? Or in other words, wouldn't it be probable that in a naturally occurring, high energy phenomenon, some high energy particles would collide in a way that the particle collision "temperature" somewhere would be very high, exceeding those produced here on earth by man? As an analogy, if we could detect a cup of liquid water (for example, 24C = 75F) on another planet, we would still know without a doubt that some of the particles have "above boiling" energy even though we don't measure it directly. It would be absurd to suggest that, because we cannot directly measure such water vapor particles elsewhere, the "only known" high energy water vapor particles coming off 24C liquid water has been created here on Earth. Or have we truly created a condition here on Earth that has most likely never occurred since the Big Bang? submitted by DavidWurn [link] [5 comments]

Andromeda is approaching the Milky Way instead of moving away like every other galaxy. Was that a big problem in the process of connecting redshift with distance of galaxies? Posted: 13 Dec 2015 03:20 AM PST Could have been misleading, or not? submitted by Bosbach [link] [3 comments]

Electrons have a lower and lower chance of being in a location the farther they are from the nucleus. However, this chance is never zero. Could the sum of the negative charges of all electrons vastly distant from their parent atoms exert any kind of significant force on the universe as a whole? Posted: 12 Dec 2015 08:09 PM PST submitted by enictobi [link] [3 comments]

Do silver polishes remove the silver oxide or completely or just remove the oxygen? Posted: 12 Dec 2015 04:39 PM PST Same with copper polishes, etc. Are they removing the oxygen from the surface or the whole outer layer? Would leaving the silver in the polish eventually dissolve the silver? submitted by GreenFox1505 [link] [6 comments]

If an object were to have high enough gravity, could it cause effected objects in excess of the speed of light toward it? Posted: 12 Dec 2015 07:06 PM PST I was messing around in universe sandbox and I thought it would be a hilarious riot if I were to give the sun the 1.5 times the mass of the milky way. It instantly turned into a black hole and everything in the solar system started accelerating towards it at speeds exceeding the speed of light. If an object were to have high enough gravity, could it cause effected objects in excess of the speed of light toward it? submitted by spacecpt-damien [link] [5 comments]

What occurs in the brain during an out of body experience? Posted: 12 Dec 2015 07:10 PM PST submitted by college_kid14 [link] [6 comments]

What organism on earth has the shortest lifespan? Posted: 12 Dec 2015 10:59 AM PST submitted by Deathtothejuice [link] [8 comments]

Light is affected by gravity because it has energy. Since blue light has more energy than red light, does that mean blue light is more affected by gravity than red light? Posted: 13 Dec 2015 05:27 AM PST If so, does that mean light can create a diffraction-like pattern if affected by strong enough gravity? submitted by CookieTheSlayer [link] [4 comments]

why does some bread go super hard when it get's stale, but other go really rubbery? Posted: 12 Dec 2015 02:18 PM PST I'm french so I eat baguette, so I don't know if it's different with other kinds of bread, but I have noticed that some brands go rock hard after a few days while other become really rubbery. submitted by Idroxyd [link] [2 comments]

Is there any material harder then diamond? Posted: 12 Dec 2015 06:47 PM PST I've heard that carbon nano-tubes are supposed to be harder, or mure durable then diamond. (since diamond is hard but brittle) Is this true, and what makes it harder than diamond? Is there any other material that is harder than diamond, or does diamond has the perfect atomic structure for "hardness"? submitted by effa94 [link] [4 comments]

Can emotions be measured scientifically? Posted: 12 Dec 2015 09:16 AM PST Using the neural activity? or Just like doctors ask patients to describe the pain on a scale? What emotions can be measured, if any? I know they are subjective, but is it easy to rate them on a scale, without much thinking? What does the research on human psychology of moods and emotions show in the regard of measuring one's emotions? What are the most primary emotions everyone experience on a daily basis? I have so many questions that need some scientific answers related to emotions and moods, I'll add as edit if this question gains some traction. EDIT: This is much different to my question. What are the most popular/less controversial techniques and ways used to measure? submitted by jaffa133 [link] [6 comments]

Why do Australians have the highest per capita CO2 emissions? Posted: 12 Dec 2015 02:42 PM PST per capita CO2 emissions by country, Austalia at the top, with the United States in close second One would think it would be about their heavy per capita consumption of coal, but Greece, North Korea and South Africa all have higher per cap consumption rates than the United States. So what are the driving factors here that Australian carbon emissions are so high? submitted by DurabellDingDong [link] [6 comments]

Why do domesticated canids have a huge size diversity and domesticated felids have a much smaller size diversity when the wild members of those groups show an inverse propensity? Posted: 12 Dec 2015 04:07 PM PST Nondomestic canids range in size from the fennec fox at 1.3 pounds to the gray wolf at 174 pounds. Domestic canids, however, seem to have an enormous size range, from the world's smallest at 4 ounces to the world's largest at 343 pounds. The inverse seems to be true with wild vs. domestic felids: nondomestic felids range in size from the 3 pound black-footed cat to the 660 pound tiger, while domesticated cats have a comparatively tiny size range, with the world's smallest at around 3 pounds and the world's largest at 47 pounds. Why is there such a huge size range in our domesticated dogs when such a smaller size range exists in their wild relatives? And why do we not have a larger size range in our domesticated cats when their relatives show a huge diversity of size? Does this have to do with human intervention and breeding, and using dogs for work? Does it have to do with the relative docility and ease of management of a domestic dog vs. the semi-wildness that still exists in a "domestic" cat? And how on earth did we breed domestic dogs so much bigger than their wild counterparts, while keeping cats small (and manageable). I'd love to hear some ideas (and see some science, if there is any) on why our pets turned out so differently. Thanks! submitted by suzepie [link] [3 comments]

How does a plane provide lift? Posted: 12 Dec 2015 02:12 PM PST A couple of days ago i stumbled upon this comment from a youtube video, which i unfortunately forgot the title of. I sent this comment to one of my high-school friends who was writing about it, so that's why i have the comment. Does anyone know the answer? i always thought it was the Bournelli effect. "The way a wing provides lift is commonly thought to be due to the Bournelli effect. The idea is that because the wing is curved on top and flat on the bottom, air that goes over the top has to go faster to meet up with the air that goes along the bottom in order to meet up again at the trailing edge. Faster air is lower in pressure so the higher pressure under the wing lifts the wing. That's wrong, even though it's still in many text books. The air that goes over the top doesn't have an appointment with the air that goes along the bottom. It doesn't have to get to the trailing edge at the same time as the air it left to go under the wing. If that was true then an airplane couldn't fly upside down but they can (if they're strong enough to handle the stresses). The truth is that at a molecular level the air molecules tend to stick to the wing (the Coanda Effect) so as it follows the curve of the wing it accelerates downwards and through F=MA there's a reactionary force in the up direction. So it's largely the _angle of attack" of the wing that's responsible for lift and that's why planes can fly upside down. Most people don't know that in my experience and even with a degree in physics I only found out about it a couple of years ago." submitted by Valle37 [link] [5 comments]

How large does Jupiter look from Saturn? Posted: 12 Dec 2015 10:38 AM PST submitted by ghostoftheuniverse [link] [3 comments]

Could stress really cause hair loss? Posted: 12 Dec 2015 12:50 PM PST Are there any large studies done on the effect of stress on hair? I know it's 'common knowledge' that stress causes hair loss, but I'm skeptical. submitted by coconutscentedcat [link] [comment]

Why don't babies and puppies learn how to walk similarly? Posted: 12 Dec 2015 01:15 PM PST Hello! I was wondering why do babies take some months before learning how to crawl and then how to walk (or directly how to walk if they don't crawl) while for most if not all the animals I can think of, their puppies are able to walk (usually on 4 legs) in a few hours after birth. Is this common to other primates? If not, how could such a thing not be a disadvantage in prehistory? Wasn't there any environmental pressure on them selecting only the ones able to walk in a few hours? submitted by luxux3 [link] [4 comments]

It seems that DNA mutation creating a start codon would cause your body to produce a bunch of a random protein. Could this have detrimental effects on an animal's health? Posted: 12 Dec 2015 12:12 PM PST Wikipedia says that nonsense mutations are caused by a mutation creating an end codon causing a protein to end prematurely. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonsense_mutation) but it says nothing about start codon mutation. It also says that in order to start DNA transcription nearby DNA sequences are required in addition to the start codon so this type of mutation would be more common than a nonsense mutation. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_code#Start.2Fstop_codons) I'm curious as to whether this type of mutation exists because it doesn't have a wiki page. submitted by epc995 [link] [3 comments]

What is the equivalent of upthrust on a solid surface? Posted: 12 Dec 2015 01:30 PM PST I'm not quite sure how to properly articulate this, but, as far as I understand, the reason we do not fall through the floor is as of an equal and opposing force to the gravity pulling down on us. I'm guessing this force is some sort of electromagnetic resistance, in that the atoms of the floor are repelling the atoms in feet, but this is what I am trying to ask, and if there is a proper name for it. Thanks! submitted by azzamazza222 [link] [1 comment]

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