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Tuesday, August 31, 2021

Does electricity pass through a magnetised substance in the same way as through an unmagnetised?

Does electricity pass through a magnetised substance in the same way as through an unmagnetised?

Does electricity pass through a magnetised substance in the same way as through an unmagnetised?

Posted: 31 Aug 2021 06:56 AM PDT

Are there visible "clouds" in space?

Posted: 31 Aug 2021 07:15 AM PDT

I've recently played the game Star Citizen and was quite confused that there are actually cloud-like structures in space. I thought they would not exist in reality so I searched the internet for answers. But couldn't find any.

I know, it's a game. So it might just be a fantasy element. But I also know that there are tons of gases in space, which can take up a lot of space. But can you actually see them? I've seen pictures of nebulas as well but if I understand it correctly, you can only see them with some color correction or something?

Can someone help me understand this please?

submitted by /u/phil_music
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Are near earth asteroids mostly metallic or rocky?

Posted: 31 Aug 2021 08:51 AM PDT

And would it make sense to capture them when they swing by us?

submitted by /u/Alethean
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Why aren't people with alopecia universalis deaf?

Posted: 31 Aug 2021 06:45 AM PDT

So I know basic information about alopecia and being deaf so maybe my question is bizarre. I always thought that humans ability to hear came from little hairs inside your ear that vibrated.. then blah blah your brain does magic and you can hear.

At the same time I thought people with alopecia universalis have completely lost the ability to grow hair.

I think you can see where I'm going with this. If you can't grow hair in your ears for sound to vibrate. How do people with alopecia hear?

submitted by /u/Wutduhshit
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Does each country have their own 'Delta' variant or has that particular mutation spread to all of those countries?

Posted: 31 Aug 2021 06:31 AM PDT

Wouldn't the virus also mutate independently everywhere and mutate into different variants in multiple directions simultaneously?

submitted by /u/billiarddaddy
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What cause hepatitis C to mutate so rapidly and often?

Posted: 31 Aug 2021 01:31 AM PDT

I've heard that the reason there's no vaccine for hepatitis C is because, unlike A and B, hepatitis C mutates far too often and rapidly. What exactly dictates this in a virus? Is it the same process across all viruses?

submitted by /u/Frayjais
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Are there any studies on the long-term effects of different diets on the brain?

Posted: 30 Aug 2021 12:18 PM PDT

So I've seen studies that show that the brain is very sensitive to the quality of food we consume, but all of these showed brain function after one breakfast. But, are there any studies that look into these effects long term. More specifically the effects of Veganism, Paleo and other diets on the function and growth of the brain?

submitted by /u/ISkipSchool
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If you have asymptomatic Covid-19 can your lungs still get damaged?

Posted: 30 Aug 2021 11:14 AM PDT

I understand how visible light images are captured with a lens and 2D array of sensors, but not sure how radio telescopes create images. Is it just a single radiowave-sensitive sensor that is scanned across the sky to form a 2D image?

Posted: 30 Aug 2021 12:37 PM PDT

Is the long-term risk of vaginal prolapse dependent on the # of children you have or just the number of times you've given birth?

Posted: 30 Aug 2021 12:25 PM PDT

I always wondered if twins/triples increased the risk of this as you age or if each "one shot" of being in labor is the main contributing factor?

submitted by /u/Vealophile
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Why does time symmetry imply conservation of energy?

Posted: 30 Aug 2021 07:06 AM PDT

I've been getting into relativity and QM and i was just wondering why Noether's theorem says that symmetry accross time implies energy is conserved? I get that symmetry across space conserves momentum, and symmetry of rotation conserves angular momentum (and i think symmetry of phase is what causes conservation of charge?? Please correct me on that), but why does time relate to energy? Is it to do with work done? Please help!

submitted by /u/CyberneticPistachio
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How did we do the CVOID PCR after its first appearance?

Posted: 31 Aug 2021 01:26 AM PDT

I recently learned about the PCR testing and its idea of using primers to replicate the DNA or RNA. By this I assume that we need to know the sequencing of the DNA to make our primers. If that is true; then how did we do the COVID PCR in the early days of the pandemic? Is it possible to do the sequencing on a sample without amplifying it first with PCR?

submitted by /u/faisalmag
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How did the United States so greatly lower the occurrence of tuberculosis?

Posted: 30 Aug 2021 11:19 AM PDT

I hope this is a good place to ask this. Some antivaxxer started arguing recently about how the US isn't discussing how many tuberculosis kills a year. I know the numbers they quoted were skewed, but I got curious about how the US brought the disease to a near-stop. It's not common for infants without risk factors to be vaccinated against it, so I'm not quite sure how we got here. I did a little reading through the CDC, PBS, and the American Lung Association, but I can't seem to find specifics.

Again, sorry if this doesn't belong here. I figured I might be able to get a good answer from people who closely study science.

submitted by /u/changeoplans
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How do whales make whale song?

Posted: 30 Aug 2021 12:03 PM PDT

So how/why do atoms lose mass during fusion?

Posted: 30 Aug 2021 07:29 AM PDT

I think I understand fhis so far. When two atoms fuse, they become a heavier atom but then the subatomic particles lose mass? And this has something to do with achieving a more stable state? And when the mass is released, it becomes energy? Beyond that though I am incredibly confused.

submitted by /u/olek1942
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Why are vaccines easier to develop than treatments?

Posted: 30 Aug 2021 07:22 PM PDT

It seems like developing vaccines for various diseases is much easier than developing treatments for them.

For example, we have several incredible COVID-19 vaccines yet we still have no effective treatments other than immunosuppressant steroids such as Dexamethasone. Same applies to many other diseases.

First, am I correct in my assumption that it's generally easier to develop prophylactic vaccines versus post-exposure treatments?

Second, if this assumption is correct, why is this so? While we have antibiotics, we still don't have any broad-spectrum antiviral medication to prevent viral replication after exposure. Is this class of medication even possible, when designer molecules like Remdesivir aren't generating very promising results?

Are vaccines easier to develop because the only purpose is to present an antigen to our immune system (thus our immune system does most of the heavy lifting)? Or is it because more funding goes into prophylaxis?

I know HIV is a bit of an exception—it seems like developing a vaccine for it is extremely difficult yet we have both post-exposure medication and medication that suppress HIV viral load in positive patients to undetectable levels. But still, this is no cure, as the patient has to continue taking these pills for the rest of their life.

Is the future optimistic for anti-viral medication? Are broad-spectrum anti-viral treatments on the horizon, or are we making almost no progress in this area? Could genetic engineering maybe play a role in this (synthetic t-cells)?

submitted by /u/RussianEntrepreneur
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What would be the differences between regular Covid-19 vaccines and the ones for young kids?

Posted: 30 Aug 2021 04:54 PM PDT

I saw another post about a covid vaccine for kids possibly being ready by December. Are there substantial differences between what adults and children would be given? What would the effects be if say for example, a 9 year old got the regular vaccine?

submitted by /u/tali564
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How does Natural Gas infrastructure prevent collateral explosion?

Posted: 30 Aug 2021 10:01 AM PDT

Hey folks, I was watching the simpsons of all things (19-10 e pluribus wiggum for reference) where (briefly) Homer throws a lit match away and it causes the entire block to explode in a natural gas catastrophe.

Obviously this is for comedic effect, but what engineering is in place to stop this or a similar situation from actually happening?

Thanks in advance!

submitted by /u/stratus41298
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How do scientists formed the pangea theory, and how can they tell what continents formed and when?

Posted: 30 Aug 2021 03:51 AM PDT

Watching lots of evolution related YouTube channels and this really interests me, thanks in advance!

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What causes penicillin allergy?

Posted: 30 Aug 2021 11:12 AM PDT

Is it known what protein / cell / antigen the drug interacts with and causes the allergic response to be triggered? Why are there only some classes of drugs that cause it and not others? And do those drugs have any similarities either structurally or are substrates for similar targets?

submitted by /u/nickoskal024
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vào lúc No comments:

Monday, August 30, 2021

Is there any kind of an upper limit for how many planets can be in a solar system? I assume that there are plenty of systems with zero, but are there others with hundreds or thousands, or is there some kind of clear maximum?

Is there any kind of an upper limit for how many planets can be in a solar system? I assume that there are plenty of systems with zero, but are there others with hundreds or thousands, or is there some kind of clear maximum?

Is there any kind of an upper limit for how many planets can be in a solar system? I assume that there are plenty of systems with zero, but are there others with hundreds or thousands, or is there some kind of clear maximum?

Posted: 29 Aug 2021 10:56 AM PDT

How dense are asteroid fields and would they pose a problem flying through?

Posted: 30 Aug 2021 04:45 AM PDT

I was watching StarWars episode V and was curious if asteroid fields were seriously that dense? Also am I right in assuming most of the asteroids should be moving in the same direction?

submitted by /u/B0kke
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Why are anti-parasitics (ie hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir) tested as COVID-19 treatment?

Posted: 30 Aug 2021 08:19 AM PDT

Actual effectiveness and politicization aside, why are anti-parasitics being considered as treatment?

Is there some mechanism that they have in common?

Or are researches just throwing everything at it and seeing what sticks?

submitted by /u/AlbinoBeefalo
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Has a tropical storm ever crossed Central America from the Atlantic to the Pacific and reformed to become a tropical storm again? Is it even possible?

Posted: 29 Aug 2021 06:48 AM PDT

Why do surgeons use intermittent pneumatic compression devices even during short surgeries?

Posted: 29 Aug 2021 09:03 PM PDT

Sorry if this is the wrong subreddit. A couple years ago I had a surgery that only lasted about 1.5 hours, but my surgeons put an IPC machine (the leg squeezy thing that prevents blood clots) on my legs anyway. wouldn't it take more time to develop a blood clot than lying down for a few hours? Is it more of a liability thing?

submitted by /u/violinwitch
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Is it possible for the delta variant to only infect a vaccinated individual's nasal cavity?

Posted: 29 Aug 2021 07:18 PM PDT

I've been reading how a lot of vaccinated people are testing positive with typical sinus infection or cold symptoms. They have some congestion and sinus pressure, may lose their sense of smell, but that seems to be the extent of their symptoms. Many people seem to think it's just allergies.

From some research, it seems like the vaccine promotes IgM antibodies, but IgA antibodies which reside in mucosal surfaces fade quickly. Is it possible that an individual could be infected where they get exposed to the delta variant, but because of IgM antibodies it stops in the nasal cavity, which is why the symptoms seem to be less severe in vaccinated folks?

Would this also prevent long covid if the virus never can inflict damage to other organs?

submitted by /u/protrader305
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Why EXACTLY are Category 5 hurricanes classified AT 157 mph? Why THAT number exactly?

Posted: 29 Aug 2021 07:44 AM PDT

So with Hurricane Ida impending, I was curious as to why the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale appoints hurricane category cutoffs like it does? I understand damage proportion and know the scale does not account for storm surge, flooding, or tornadoes. Thanks!

submitted by /u/WraithsRevenge
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How are new virus variants identified?

Posted: 29 Aug 2021 04:55 PM PDT

Why Do Hurricanes Speed Up When They're Over Land?

Posted: 29 Aug 2021 07:39 AM PDT

Title says it all. I'm a bit of a weather nerd and we're getting into peak hurricane season. I've always been curious about this.

submitted by /u/Upst8r
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How much of the moon's original mass has been lost to impact damage?

Posted: 29 Aug 2021 08:48 AM PDT

Why was Cassini destroyed and Voyager not?

Posted: 29 Aug 2021 12:32 PM PDT

So I know the Voyagers are still controlled by NASA but after they run out of fuel and stop sending information, isn't it possible that they could hit a planet and contaminate it with bacteria from Earth? We don't know what exactly the spacecrafts could find there because that area is so unexplored, so what if there is a planet with a chance of supporting life? It's like the Cassini mission, where they sadly destroyed the spacecraft because they didn't want to risk a collision with Enceladus or Titan and contaminate it with Earth bacteria. But NASA won't destroy the Voyager spaceships, so isn't that risky? I know that technology wasn't as developed when they launched them as it is nowadays, but NASA took the mission not to affect other worlds and let them in their natural state. It has very low odds to happen but still, what if they crash in an Enceladus-like world and possibly contaminate it? That would basically break NASA's vow not to affect other planets and so. Would it have been better to end them like Cassini to avoid this possibility? Is it possible though? (ok that's a lot but these questions have been troubling me for quite long :))))

submitted by /u/Andreea_Tornado
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Do hurricanes hit the east Atlantic?

Posted: 29 Aug 2021 07:38 AM PDT

We always hear about hurricanes in the Atlantic hitting the east coast of the US, Caribbean, etc. The west side of the Atlantic. But I can't remember ever hearing about them hitting the west coast of Africa or anything like that.

Is that just US focusing on US and not talking more about the outside world, or do they really hit over there more rarely? And if so, why?

submitted by /u/prncrny
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What material would break the loudest?

Posted: 29 Aug 2021 02:12 AM PDT

I was wondering, if loudness of breaking things is somehow connected to their hardness. In that case, a diamond rod (for example) would be unbeatable in terms of sound?

submitted by /u/teh_biggy_bunny
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Why does the water in the ocean bulge both ways, if the moon pulls it from one side during tides?

Posted: 29 Aug 2021 08:08 AM PDT

Why does the water in the ocean bulge both ways, if the moon pulls it from one side during tides?

submitted by /u/Current_Many_7274
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Can infinite ordinals include negatives?

Posted: 29 Aug 2021 06:28 AM PDT

So for example can one have the ordinal number omega - 1, which comes immediately before omega, or omega2 - omega, which would be somewhere between omegaarbitrarily large number and omega2? Or omegaomega + omega3 - omega*4 + 5? Or must Ordinals be strictly increasing?

submitted by /u/Ixthos
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Are celebrities more prone to suicide, What are some good studies on the matter?

Posted: 29 Aug 2021 09:32 AM PDT
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Sunday, August 29, 2021

Why can’t fish get rabies?

Why can’t fish get rabies?

Why can’t fish get rabies?

Posted: 28 Aug 2021 03:07 PM PDT

Hi all,

Aquarium enthusiast and 2x rabies shots recipient. I have lived dangerously so to speak, and lived! But I have a question for you all.

I was at my local fish store joking with the owner who got gouged by one of his big fish (I think a cichlid). I made a joke about rabies and he panicked for a brief moment, until I told him it's common knowledge that fish don't get rabies. I was walking home (and feeling bad about stressing him out!) when I started to wonder why.

For instance, the CDC says only mammals get rabies. But there's a case of fowl in India getting rabies. I saw a previous post on here that has to do with a particular receptor that means birds are pretty much asymptomatic and clear it if exposed. Birds have been able to get it injected in lab experiments over a hundred years ago. I also know rabies has adapted to be able to grow in cold-blooded vertebrates.

So, what about fish? Why don't fish get it? Have there been attempts to inject fish in a lab and give them rabies? Or could they theoretically get it, but the water where they bite you essentially dissipates the virus? Or is there a mechanism (e.g. feline HIV —> humans) by which the disease can't jump to fish?

Thanks for any insight. I will be watching Roger Corman's "Piranha" while I wait on your answers.

submitted by /u/AquariumBill
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Do fully vaccinated people who still get COVID have the same level of infection as an unvaccinated person?

Posted: 28 Aug 2021 05:38 PM PDT

Just wondering if there's any research on whether or not symptoms are milder for fully vaccinated people. Me and my girl are double vaxxed and both shots were moderna

submitted by /u/Juicy_bowtie
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A Concorde has a pointy nose, but a 747 has a round nose. At what speed and/or size is it better to have one shape than the other?

Posted: 28 Aug 2021 08:26 PM PDT

How do white blood cells or any immune cell move specifically towards the bacteria, virus, etc ?

Posted: 28 Aug 2021 10:44 AM PDT

What are the effects of vaccine mandates on vaccination rates?

Posted: 28 Aug 2021 01:18 PM PDT

In King County, WA USA there appears to be no effect as vaccination rates are relatively unchanged since the August 9th mandate announcement by the Governor and County Executive.

August 9th Announcement: https://www.governor.wa.gov/news-media/inslee-issues-proclamation-requiring-vaccination-most-state-employees-health-and-long

Vaccinations in King County by date: https://kingcounty.gov/depts/health/covid-19/data/vaccination.aspx

submitted by /u/ragold
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Why does the Watermelon mosaic virus cause a ring/ripple pattern, skipping some tissue ?

Posted: 28 Aug 2021 11:48 PM PDT

It looks like it's spreading from a center point but skips some tissue and leaves gaps - what mechanism would cause this ? If it's just the spread of a virus shouldn't it be a continuous yellow spot ?

Added a picture of a watermelon virus : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/6c/Watermelon_mosaic_virus_ringspots_on_watermelon.jpg

submitted by /u/gunzas
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What happens, phisically, to all the alpha/beta particles and neutrons that are stopped by a radiation shield?

Posted: 29 Aug 2021 04:24 AM PDT

Would having strong preexisting T cell immunity result in lower antibody levels after getting the (inactivated) vaccine?

Posted: 29 Aug 2021 07:05 AM PDT

For the inactivated coronavirus vaccine. Pretty much the title. As in; if you have strong t cell immunity before vaccination would that cause the killer T cells to destroy the viral particles from the vaccine faster and more efficiently so there would be less antibodies produced?

submitted by /u/wellimoff
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Learning about Botany and discovered Carl Linnaeus. I discovered he named and classified over 7000 plants, but I was wondering if he had any "special" plants that held value to him? Where there any plants that were special or important to how he decided to name things?

Posted: 28 Aug 2021 11:27 AM PDT

I just really got into Botany and love it. I can't help but appreciate all the hard work that has gone, goes, and keeps going into taxonomy, and I think it's really neat/classy how if a plant was named by Linnaeus it just gets an "L." instead of a name (just a plant thing and not an animal thing which is even neater to me but I digress).

I'm kind of interested in him and I'm interested if there were any plants that held significance to him for helping him with his naming conventions. Also maybe just wondering if he had some plants he really liked, even on a personal level. More generically if there are any good videos or guides about Carl.

Sorry if this is more of a history question, but it seemed like the people who would be knowledgeable about this would be botany majors way more than history majors.

submitted by /u/ManInBlack829
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What is a good beaker specifically for use with laboratory hot plates?

Posted: 28 Aug 2021 03:53 PM PDT

Apologies if this barely skirts by the rules of posting, but I couldn't find a more relevant subreddit.

I recently purchased a hot-plate, and it gets plenty hot, but it can't seem to properly heat my solutions. I've pretty much narrowed it down to my beakers having exceedingly poor surface-contact with the hot plate.

Any suggestions on beakers with nice flat bottoms to avoid this issue? Water/oil baths are not practical.

submitted by /u/LOJABE
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Why do tectonic plates "float" on magma and not sink?

Posted: 27 Aug 2021 10:46 PM PDT

Every explanation of plate tectonics begins with the phrase "the plates float on a layer of magma". And generally speaking the solid form of a substance tends to be more dense. Therefore, shouldn't the tectonic plates sink, form a new cooled crust, then that would sink, etc...?

I assume I am missing something fundamental here. Please educate me.

Edit: I am trying to be polite about this, but the more I look into it, the less I find and the more I seem to get veiled mocking for even asking the question. If it's so damned simple, would someone please just explain it. Its not like I'm asking you to teach our nations children to read or unify Feynman's work with the new testament.

submitted by /u/NuncErgoFacite
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Does burning your rockets in retrograde really make you go faster while in orbit?

Posted: 28 Aug 2021 04:46 PM PDT

So, I posted this in today I learned, and have gotten nothing but pushback since posting it. Could some of you smart people weigh in on it? https://www.reddit.com/r/todayilearned/comments/pd4qb0/til_that_orbiting_the_earth_you_actually_move/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=mweb

I saw it watching #veritassiumcontest videos, which are supposed to be counterintuitive.

This is the video in question: https://youtu.be/kgFehXwKFMM

Thanks smart people!

submitted by /u/EvenStephen85
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vào lúc No comments:

Saturday, August 28, 2021

Why do some organs come in pairs and others are singular?

Why do some organs come in pairs and others are singular?

Why do some organs come in pairs and others are singular?

Posted: 27 Aug 2021 04:37 PM PDT

Are the mechanisms that cause bilateral symmetry the same for every pair of organs? Why doesn't this happen for the organs we only have one of?

submitted by /u/acepie100
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Why do legumes (mainly thinking about peanuts and soybeans) seem to be more allergenic than other foods?

Posted: 27 Aug 2021 05:29 PM PDT

Why do mRNA vaccines use mRNA in order for the body to create the covid spike protein? Why can't we just create the spike protein and make a vaccine using that (eliminating the intermediate step)?

Posted: 27 Aug 2021 04:56 PM PDT

Is there a reason most animals' noses are biologically above their mouths?

Posted: 28 Aug 2021 05:48 AM PDT

Is there a known correlation between having sensitive skin or problematic skin in general and having a psychological disorder such as anxiety disorder?

Posted: 28 Aug 2021 03:19 AM PDT

I had this (stupid) thought. Skin is the biggest organ and the nervous system is connected to our brain and our body, so i thought that people who have an extra "nervous" nervous system might have "extra nervous" skin too? Like being more prone to have skin problems?

I know there are a few known correlations like people who have OCD (and wash their hands often) are often having sensitive skin, due to all the washing, but i thought more in general..

This might be an really obvious question or a very stupid one, idk.

Thanks in advance! :)

submitted by /u/adrenalineminute
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Is there any measurable latency between brain signal and limbs/muscle movement?

Posted: 28 Aug 2021 04:55 AM PDT

Do new covid-variants need new antibodies?

Posted: 28 Aug 2021 07:59 AM PDT

Suppose one is fully vaccinated (lets say with J&J, which has low delta-protection), but nonetheless becomes infected with the delta variant. Would that require a new set of antibodies and hence a new set of B-cells?

In my logic, that would mean a much milder illness due to the suppression of virus by initial antibodies, but nonetheless a minimum disease period of 7-10 whilst the new B-cells are developed?

Bonus question(s): does everyone make the same antibodies from the same vaccine and does each individual make more than one?

submitted by /u/aCityOfTwoTales
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Why are some species of jellyfish only deadly in the tropics?

Posted: 28 Aug 2021 04:08 AM PDT

I have read that some species of cubozoa jellies (specifically Morbakka Fenneri) live in both tropical and temperate waters, and the first aid response is different for a sting from the same jellyfish species.

A sting by this jelly in temperate waters calls for only mild first aid, whereas a sting in tropical waters calls for immediate medical attention for possible irukandji syndrome.

How does this work? Can the jelly only produce toxin in warm waters? Or is it to mitigate a case of possible misidentification of more deadly species?

Thanks!

submitted by /u/billgreg0000
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Natural Immunity vs Vaccine Immunity?

Posted: 28 Aug 2021 03:07 AM PDT

I am interested to hear from people who study viruses what the difference is between a natural immune response to a virus and the response of someone who has been vaccinated. I am not trying to get into anything political or any of that, just don't know much about it and would like to hear from those who know: is natural immunity generally better or worse than vaccination? Or is it the same? Or does it depend on the disease?

submitted by /u/Thriftless_Ambition
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Is Quantum Mechanics compatible with relativity of simultaneity?

Posted: 28 Aug 2021 01:14 AM PDT

I don't know much about QM, but I've heard it has a lot of "truly random" phenomena. If so what are these and are they compatible with the b - theory of time that relativity of simultaneity suggests? Im wondering if someone from a certain reference frame "A" was moving such that he could witness the future of a random quantum event in reference frame "B" could travel to reference frame "B" and predict the outcome of the random quantum event. Im really interested in this topic, any help or explanations are greatly appreciated!

submitted by /u/wombatgalore
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I've searched with my limited abilities but to no success: From soup-to-nuts, how long does it take to manufacture one dose of Regeneron?

Posted: 28 Aug 2021 04:54 AM PDT

Watching the news, I became curious as to whether or not this 4th wave may burn through existing supplies. TIA

submitted by /u/brianingram
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Why do people with defective cilia get their heart on the wrong side of the body?

Posted: 28 Aug 2021 02:23 AM PDT

This is kind of a follow up question to the one posted about pairs of organs.

I get why people with Kartagener syndrome get lung infections - defective hair cells of the mucociliary escalator - and infertility - sperm cant swim with no propellers! But why the dextrocardia?

submitted by /u/nickoskal024
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If the Oort Cloud's outer limits define the boundary of the Solar System, does that really mean that the Solar System and the Proxima Centauri star system could actually be loosely overlapping? Do all planets have similar Kuiper Belt/Oort Cloud type regions?

Posted: 28 Aug 2021 01:57 AM PDT

The earth is 71% COVERED in water but how much more is under the surface? What is the percentage of the entire earth that is actually water?

Posted: 28 Aug 2021 01:49 AM PDT

What is the biological basis for the "pant tugger" behavior in tree squirrels?

Posted: 27 Aug 2021 11:58 PM PDT

As a general rule, squirrels are - like many rodents (and other small mammals) - afraid of humans. While in some urban and suburban areas where contact with humans is frequent (e.g., parks, college campuses) squirrels may not flee when a human approaches, in the wild, their natural instinct when we or another large animal or object approaches them is to run away.

But from time to time you hear stories of wild squirrels that will follow humans around incessantly, usually when the "following" squirrel is either a juvenile or a mother caring for a juvenile. This story from 2019 was widely reported on, and here's another from last year. A few isolated incidents could be written off as just erratic behavior, but looking into it more, this is evidently a fairly common phenomenon, common enough that wildlife centers often discuss it with specificity (see this example from Toronto, Canada), and it is a recurring topic on web forums and social media (for example, from within the past year alone, here's a post from May, and here's a Reddit comment discussing it from October). It thus seems to be a behavior that tree squirrels exhibit (under certain circumstances) as a species rather than aberrational behavior in a few individuals.

The most common scenario by far seems to be when a young squirrel's mother is killed or abandons it. The juvenile squirrel will gravitate to a human and follow them around at great peril, exactly the opposite of the normal "flight" response you would expect. The usual interpretation is that the "pant tugger" / "pant hugger" squirrel is essentially desperate and looking to the human for help, but this could be us inferring too much about an animal's "motives" (for lack of a better term).

I am nevertheless very curious about what the basis for this behavior could be!

What would be the evolutionary benefit of it? Is it unique to squirrels or do other rodents (or other animals generally) exhibit it? Is the drive to just seek out the nearest warm-blooded thing or is it a unique behavior evolved alongside humans? (I have never heard of this behavior exhibited towards a non-human species, but of course we have selection bias there given that only humans could report on it in the first place!)

submitted by /u/chainsawinsect
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Why is the south pole so much colder than the north pole?

Posted: 27 Aug 2021 03:02 PM PDT

The coldest temperature recorded at the south pole is −82.8°C while the warmest temperature recorded there is −12.3°C

Meanwhile in the geographic north pole, the coldest temperature recorded is −50°C and the warmest is 13°C

(this data is taken from wikipedia, which cites its sources as Pogoda.ru.net for the south pole and weatherbase for the north pole)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Pole#Climate_and_day_and_night

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Pole#Climate,_sea_ice_at_North_Pole

So why is it that the south pole is so much colder than the north pole?

submitted by /u/Thunder_Wizard
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Why do Cranes (Family Gruidae) have red-topped heads?

Posted: 27 Aug 2021 09:25 PM PDT

I am a recent Zoology graduate, and I can rationalise many things with animals, but trying to find an answer to this seems impossible. So many crane species have a head with a red-top, is there an ecological significance to this I am missing? I would assume it's something related to mate-signaling but I am massively bothered by the fact that, over my life as an animal enthusiast, this is the only question I can't find an academic answer or even credible allusion to why on earth these birds have little red caps on them.

submitted by /u/6multipliedby9is42
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What is actually happening to your skin when you get a poison ivy rash?

Posted: 27 Aug 2021 12:49 PM PDT

Specifically I'm wondering why it starts to boil and ooze and what is it even secreting anyway? I couldn't find anything good online.

submitted by /u/SirYarbles
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