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Sunday, May 31, 2020

Yuo're prboably albe to raed tihs setencne. Deos tihs wrok in non-alhabpet lanugaegs lkie Chneise?

Yuo're prboably albe to raed tihs setencne. Deos tihs wrok in non-alhabpet lanugaegs lkie Chneise?


Yuo're prboably albe to raed tihs setencne. Deos tihs wrok in non-alhabpet lanugaegs lkie Chneise?

Posted: 31 May 2020 04:34 AM PDT

It's well known that you can fairly easily read English when the letters are jumbled up, as long as the first and last letters are in the right place. But does this also work in languages that don't use true alphabets, like abjads (Arabic), syllabaries (Japanese and Korean) and logographs (Chinese and Japanese)?

submitted by /u/Chlorophilia
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Do earthworms sleep or have some sort of circadian rhythm?

Posted: 31 May 2020 07:28 AM PDT

I know they have some sort of hibernation but don't know if they actually sleep.

submitted by /u/samgoos
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Why is Kuru only caused by eating a human brain and not any other animal’s?

Posted: 30 May 2020 03:57 PM PDT

Do immunity-boosting foods really exist? And what's the exact mechanism by which these foods boost immunity?

Posted: 31 May 2020 06:59 AM PDT

How do the SpaceX rocket cameras relay their information and how is it different to the camera that's at the drone ship out at sea?

Posted: 30 May 2020 08:44 PM PDT

I'm curious how these work and what are the pros/cons of each method of data streaming. It seems one obvious negative for the drone ship camera is that the energy blast from the ship disrupts the signal. Would appreciate any info clearing this up.

Thanks!

submitted by /u/CJ_Productions
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Can sea animals get rabies? And if so, does it affect them any differently than it affects land animals?

Posted: 30 May 2020 10:04 PM PDT

I mean is there detectable foaming of the mouth, fear of water, etc.?

submitted by /u/Rories1
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It is known that electrons move back and forth in an AC circuit as the voltage periodically reverses itself . Do the electrons in an AC circuit emit EM radiation ?

Posted: 31 May 2020 02:24 AM PDT

Back and forth movement causes linear acceleration. It is known that accelerated charges emit EM radiation. So, do electrons in an AC circuit emit any EM radiation ? If so, please offer insight on the frequency of radiation and various factors influencing it.

submitted by /u/Sudden_Delight
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Are humans reservoir of any viruses which get transmitted zoonotically to other animals with devastating consequences ?

Posted: 31 May 2020 02:12 AM PDT

Much like bats harbouring coronaviruses, do we know of any viruses with which we have a commensalistic relationship but could potentially infect other animals ?

submitted by /u/mutatedsai
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Why do airplanes produce so many ultrafine particulates relative to cars?

Posted: 30 May 2020 08:22 PM PDT

eg see https://www.reddit.com/r/EnvironmentNerds/comments/glc06u/effects_of_shortterm_exposures_to_ultrafine/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1352231018307313

it seems that ultrafine particles are much more common at airports, but they aren't easily picked up by standard 2.5uM PM momnitors. What is the generative/combustive process behind these ultrafines that makes them produced more by planes than cars?

submitted by /u/inquilinekea
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What happens to our brain when we look at any optical illusion? Do animals also perceive them?

Posted: 31 May 2020 05:44 AM PDT

I just found some interesting and amazing optical illusions in a book. So I was wondering what happens in our brain and do animals also get confused by them like us. A additional question: how do animals with eyes different from ours see these illusions?

submitted by /u/Jager1209
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Why do veins look blue, even when it is not under cutaneous tissue?

Posted: 30 May 2020 02:46 PM PDT

I've been reading around, trying to find a satisfying answer, but it all seems to come down to "well deoxygenated blood doesn't really look blue, it's just that the skin scatters the light in such a way that it looks blue.

However, I've got a few problems with that answer:

  • In osteogenesis imperfecta, patients are described as having 'blue sclera' because of a thinning of the sclera, making the underlying choroidal blood vessels visible. There is no skin over these blood vessels, but a thin sclera.
  • In open surgeries (like in an open heart surgery), you can see the veins as looking sort of dark-purplish.

In these contexts, are the overlying tissues (the sclera and, I guess, the adventitia of the veins) responsible for the blue discoloration by having the same scattering effects as the skin? How does this scattering effect come about, and how come pretty much all human tissues have those same properties?

Also, from what I searched online, people mainly seemed to focus on the distinction between oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin. But what about carbaminohemoglobin? I've seen some sources say carbaminohemoglobin has a 'distinctive blue color'. First off, is that true? If I took a blood sample, put it in a closed container, and then somehow got rid of all the O2 and replaced it with carbon dioxide, would the sample start becoming purplish-blue? If so, does that also play a role in the blue color of veins, or of the skin and mucosae of a cyanotic patient?

I know the question of 'why are veins blue' has probably been asked a lot, but I really haven't found any satisfying answers, especially in the case of osteogenesis imperfecta (which is what brought me to start researching this subject).

Thank you!

submitted by /u/obz000
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Why is the inclination of the ISS not 0°?

Posted: 30 May 2020 12:05 PM PDT

An inclination of 0° would permit to launch to it everytime. They might need a bit more fuel. Is that the reason?

Or was it easier/cheaper to build it at its current inclination?

submitted by /u/ringoron9
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How do space agencies make sure their astronauts are not carrying contagious illnesses—especially COVID-19—to the International Space Station?

Posted: 30 May 2020 11:37 AM PDT

Watching the NASA astronauts walk out to board the capsule that will take them to the space station today, I couldn't help but notice how many people were around them (their families, the people driving the car that took them to the launch site, the media, etc). It made me wonder: what measures have been taken to ensure they do not carry COVID-19 up with them?

submitted by /u/pluto_nium889
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Why can you sometimes see the moon during the daytime?

Posted: 30 May 2020 09:12 AM PDT

Forgive me if this is a dumb question or has been asked before!

submitted by /u/leafy-on-reddit
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During the day I can't see stars because the sun is too bright. If I went into space could I see stars even if the sun was still in view? Why or why not?

Posted: 30 May 2020 03:17 PM PDT

Does the ocean have any movement of water at the bottom? If there is no real movement, at what depth does the surface movement cease to impact the water below?

Posted: 30 May 2020 07:32 AM PDT

Warm water rises up and cold water does. So obviously there's some amount of vertical movent. Does this translate into some kind of lateral movement? What about rivers, do they have the entire section of water moving?

submitted by /u/anthraxit
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What happens to other teams of researchers when one of them finds a vaccine?

Posted: 30 May 2020 07:28 AM PDT

Currently a whole lot of scientists are researching and attempting to develop a vaccine for covid-19. Some of these scientists are further ahead than others (at least in the vaccine development process), so let's say one team of researchers successfully develops a vaccine.

What happens to the research of the other scientists? Do they just stop developing, since they may be months away from a complete process and someone else has already "figured it out"?

submitted by /u/IsPepsiOkaySir
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Saturday, May 30, 2020

How big is the magnetic North (and South) pole? Is it a single point, or does it have an area?

How big is the magnetic North (and South) pole? Is it a single point, or does it have an area?


How big is the magnetic North (and South) pole? Is it a single point, or does it have an area?

Posted: 29 May 2020 03:19 PM PDT

What is the diameter of a lightning? They are always seen like some cm of diameter, but can it be just a diameter at the scale of atoms? Does they get bigger if they have more energy?

Posted: 30 May 2020 05:39 AM PDT

How do materials without free electrons reflect light/images?

Posted: 30 May 2020 05:40 AM PDT

Metallic mirrors reflect light because the free electrons are able to vibrate freely. For objects like shiny plastic with no free electrons how can I see a specular reflection? Can the electrons within the bonds vibrate a bit without being excited? What's the mechanism within non-polar and non-metallic molecules that allows them to produce specular reflection?

submitted by /u/thejeran
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In videos of nuclear tests, what is the first wave that sort of shakes the dust off of everything a few seconds before the actual shockwave hits and destroys everything?

Posted: 30 May 2020 06:27 AM PDT

What is the step above single-cell? Are there any 2-cell organisms? Any 5-cell organisms? 10-cell?

Posted: 30 May 2020 06:57 AM PDT

Why is SARS-CoV-2 infection of T-lymphocytes abortive / not capable of viral replication?

Posted: 30 May 2020 05:32 AM PDT

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41423-020-0424-9

"Similar to MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 infection of T cells is abortive."

SARS-CoV-2 can enter T-cells and release its RNA, but it fails to replicate. In other cells, host cell ribosomes will take viral RNA and synthesize proteins from it, beginning the process of viral replication, but for some reason(s) this does not appear to happen in infected T-cells.

Why is this?

submitted by /u/rabidsoggymoose
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How does Autofocus/Automatic Exposure in a camera work?

Posted: 29 May 2020 08:33 PM PDT

How far along are we when it comes to proving whether or not immunity occurs after having COVID-19?

Posted: 30 May 2020 12:01 AM PDT

How can a misting spray neutralize odour from a sewage treatment plant?

Posted: 29 May 2020 09:20 PM PDT

I saw this video on youtube while looking up fogging machines: https://youtu.be/Kl6vtgIl-nQ

It appears to be a misting spray system, but it is being used at a sewage treatment plant. Is it just water or would they need to use a chemical? What kind of chemical neutralizes sewage odours? Is it a chemical reaction?

submitted by /u/Wraithwain
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So far are there reliably detectable physical differences in the brain structures of individuals diagnosed as psychopathic/sociopathic that help us better understand how to support such individuals? Are there potentially observable indicators that shed light here in any way?

Posted: 29 May 2020 06:13 PM PDT

Just wondering the extent to which we scientifically understand the connection between brain layout nuances that may contribute to the manifesting behaviors that contribute to such labels (assigned scientifically or otherwise) and what the implications are for supporting these individuals to be functioning healthy crime free adults as much as possible.

Thanks!

submitted by /u/willysfat
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Earth flipping. Slowly or not?

Posted: 30 May 2020 03:36 AM PDT

Why do jet streams only occur at high altitudes?

Posted: 29 May 2020 06:44 PM PDT

Additionally, do jet streams remain constant or do they 'die out' like gusts of wind?

submitted by /u/Akatamah
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What is a field? And what are force carriers?

Posted: 29 May 2020 09:15 AM PDT

What is the technical definition of a "field" in physics? It seems like it's just a mathematical description of potential in space, but how do things in a field interact with each other, e.g. in a magnetic field?

Do fields require the presence of force carriers? When a charged particle moves through an electromagnetic field and is deflected, does that mean there was a photon involved in the interaction?

submitted by /u/smeezy
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How is it determined if drugs are "non-habit forming"?

Posted: 29 May 2020 06:16 AM PDT

For example, I just heard a commercial for a sleep aid for children that uses melatonin to help children fall asleep. I understand that this is a naturally produced chemical within the body, but does introducing it into the system cause the body to reduce its production?

submitted by /u/floodster77
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Why Carbon Dioxide is an inorganic substance?

Posted: 29 May 2020 08:48 AM PDT

Friday, May 29, 2020

What happens when photons collide?

What happens when photons collide?


What happens when photons collide?

Posted: 28 May 2020 04:35 PM PDT

I know photons act like a wave and they go at the exact same speed as each other. What if they had a perfectly straight collision trajectory and slammed into each other? Would they recede like normal waves?

submitted by /u/Phalanx9G
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What makes Venus is the most shiniest planet of the solar system?

Posted: 29 May 2020 03:09 AM PDT

Is it the chemical composition of Venus atmosphere or its weather phenomena what generates the shiny optics phenomena? What is the physics process of this phenomenon?

submitted by /u/sgrnetworking
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Are 10G at a centrifuge for 10h the same as 100G for 1h? (in terms of separation etc)

Posted: 29 May 2020 05:37 AM PDT

Meteorologists: Why or how is "tornado alley" shifting east?

Posted: 28 May 2020 09:21 AM PDT

I'm sorry about the flair I was hoping for a meteorology tag.

submitted by /u/clam-clan
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Can evolution explain how complicated defense mechanisms in human body were developed?

Posted: 29 May 2020 05:47 AM PDT

How does evolution explain complicated defense mechanisms such as adaptive immunity in human body? Can mutations alone develop such complicated processes? Have we slowed down the evolution process with technology?

submitted by /u/pahan22
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If the mass and size of the universe are plugged into the schwartzchild radius, it’s a black hole. Why is this brushed off as a coincidence?

Posted: 28 May 2020 09:52 PM PDT

Is the R-Value social or scientific?

Posted: 29 May 2020 03:57 AM PDT

I'm not sure if this makes sense but basically I was wondering whether the r-value for covid was altered by our actions as people (eg by social distancing and self isolating) or whether it was some scientific about the virus itself. If the latter, I then would ask how it can change because surely the contagiousness of the virus wouldn't change?

submitted by /u/DilatedPupils139
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What level of certainty is there regarding the arrangement of continents 10s-100s of millions of years in the future?

Posted: 29 May 2020 02:38 AM PDT

Earlier today I saw a map that showed current geopolitical boundaries, but over continents 50 million years in the future, and although interesting I was curious if that level of specificity was actually defensible. I understand movement speed and directionality of plates are derived from seafloor spreading rates and probably satellite telemetry to some extent (?), but it seems like with so many plates subject to static forces and compositional differences in crust (?) there may be some significant stochasticity at play the further in the future we project (as with many things, but neither here nor there). On the other hand we might be quite confident in what the ebb and flow of future super-continents and subsequent fracturing will look like, just not sure. Sophisticated simulations are probably invoked these days. Thanks!

submitted by /u/Truth_Universal
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What colors DO dogs see? Is it more fun for them to have toys of that color?

Posted: 28 May 2020 03:58 PM PDT

Why are we able to get photos of distant galaxies with the Hubble space telescope that are more clear/focused than the photos of Pluto from it?

Posted: 28 May 2020 02:37 PM PDT

Why do wooden matches in water stick together ?

Posted: 28 May 2020 04:18 PM PDT

If you submerge two matches in water and then put them in a bowl of water so that they are touching on some point, they start moving towards each other and end up parallel. What´s happening there ? Does it have to do with the suface tension of the water or with the wood ?

submitted by /u/Duzae1
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Do women have pain receptors that are homologous to testicle pain receptors?

Posted: 28 May 2020 03:28 PM PDT

Basically, do women have some hypothetical potential to experience the pain of "having someone step on your balls"?

Or are those homologous receptors repurposed in women to perceive something completely different?

submitted by /u/DeshawnAnjani277
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Why is SARS-COV both severe and acute?

Posted: 28 May 2020 01:30 PM PDT

I thought severe and acute are synonyms and either one could have been used to describe the disease but not both.

Are there certain criteria or scientific definitions that warranted the use of both words?

A bit of a random question I have stuck in my head... any response is appreciated!

submitted by /u/LarsQuell
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Do antibody studies of covid-19 provide a valid death rate estimate worth comparing to the flu?

Posted: 28 May 2020 09:46 AM PDT

I heard on NPR a recent study indicated that the death rate of covid, according to antibody studies, indicates the death rate of infection is closer to .6%. The reported then compared that number to the often cited .1% death rate for seasonal flu. Is that a valid comparison? Are serological studies done on seasonal flu? Do such studies provide a reasonable estimate for time frame of infection that would be needed to make a death rate estimate?

submitted by /u/itprobablynothingbut
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Is there a reliable scientific/medical journal study that studied effectiveness of masks during COVID?

Posted: 28 May 2020 10:14 AM PDT

I am under the impression that it's helpful to wear a mask and even more so that it doesn't hurt to wear a mask, but I would be interested in reading a non-government source that has conducted a quality study on it. I haven't found anything that seemed overtly qualified from my Google searches, but I am not necessarily adept at finding such things.

submitted by /u/jonathan4211
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Thursday, May 28, 2020

If you transplanted a multi-decade old tree from a place like say Florida to up north, would the tree “know” to lose it’s leaves in the fall or would it just die?

If you transplanted a multi-decade old tree from a place like say Florida to up north, would the tree “know” to lose it’s leaves in the fall or would it just die?


If you transplanted a multi-decade old tree from a place like say Florida to up north, would the tree “know” to lose it’s leaves in the fall or would it just die?

Posted: 27 May 2020 09:46 PM PDT

What was the peak population of dinosaurs?

Posted: 27 May 2020 05:22 PM PDT

ELI8 for Rain vs Bubbles please?

Posted: 28 May 2020 07:02 AM PDT

My 8yo recently discovered that bubbles do not pop in the rain, even rain brought in by a tropical storm (honestly, I was surprised too, I thought the torrential downpour would pop them). I tried to look up the science behind it and couldn't find an explanation that I understood well enough to explain it on the 8yo's level.

Can any one help us out? We're still curious and ridiculously gleeful that you can blow bubbles in a tropical storm and they will just happily beebop around in the wind and rain. TIA!

submitted by /u/vixenspixie
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Could we launch a space shuttle using a railgun?

Posted: 28 May 2020 01:06 AM PDT

Could we make an electric SSTO using a railgun and ion engines? although we haven't reached escape velocity with a railgun, could we still do it if we just use enough energy? happy to answer any questions

submitted by /u/SaintPanda_
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Why are rocket launch windows so narrow/sparse?

Posted: 27 May 2020 01:40 PM PDT

The falcon 9 launch today was scrubbed due to weather, the commentators seemed to think the weather would have cleared 10 mins after T-0, I get that they need to arrive on time to intercept ISS at the right moment, but why not just wait 90 mins for ISS to come back around?

submitted by /u/REmarkABL
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Do we have any idea what came before our solar system?

Posted: 28 May 2020 01:59 AM PDT

My understanding is that around 4.5 billion years ago our star formed out of a cloud of gas and dust, and that our planet formed out of what was left. But what was that gas and dust? Where did it come from? I am assuming that it did not come directly from the Big Bang, because there was too much complex stuff in there. So did we form from the remenents of a supernova or a single dead old star? Did we form out of many old stars or did many new stars form out of a single old star? If the old stars had run out of fuel and finally died, where did the new fuel come from to ignite new stars?

submitted by /u/DangerousJefe
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Why is prostate cancer associated with bone loss?

Posted: 28 May 2020 07:04 AM PDT

Prostate cancer likes to eat your bones - is it because of metastasis, is it treatment-induced and what is the mechanism?

submitted by /u/ColdWindBlowsss
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Is there a relationship between bullet density/weight and speed needed in order to penetrate a body?

Posted: 28 May 2020 03:06 AM PDT

Assuming you were able to shoot something other than a bullet, like earplugs made of foam/gym, or a vitamin pill, or a rubber eraser without it breaking up, how would you calculate the speed needed for it to "kill" a human, or simply put penetrate his body?

I remember someone telling me if you drop a dollar from the Empire State Building you could kill someone due to the speed it reaches falling down, but I assume that's also because it keeps accelerating while a bullet doesn't? (Correct me if I'm wrong)

submitted by /u/MrMarchMellow
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Material scientists, what specifically is going on in an OEM automotive brake rotor that allows it to withstand/dissipate heat more effectively than aftermarket rotors?

Posted: 28 May 2020 06:25 AM PDT

I've done my fair share of brake jobs and I've always wondered how OEM rotors are able to take far more abuse than their aftermarket counterparts.

submitted by /u/xeonisius
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Etymologists: How exactly do etymologists determine, with certainty, that in some form a word transferred from one unrelated language to another, at some point in the past?

Posted: 27 May 2020 05:25 PM PDT

I know that documents/primary sources are an essential resource in regards to etymology - but my studies only required a few linguistics courses. So my knowledge on etymology itself is lacking.

How exactly do etymologists determine when a word transferred from one language, to another language that does not share a common ancestry? For example, words in modern Japanese that came from the English language, or another indo-european language. I am sure there are countless examples with many languages - but most importantly, what sort of things are taken as solid proof of the transfer occurring?

Is there much debate among etymologists about how those words got their origins? Also, are there examples of words that came to be, similar to the concept of convergent evolution?

Edit: added a word for clarity.

submitted by /u/SmallRedBird
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Why do planets like Neptune and Uranus have rocky cores the size of Earth and yet insanely huge atmospheres, and yet the Earth has such a thin atmosphere?

Posted: 27 May 2020 05:25 PM PDT

Side question - Is the Earth the "rocky core" of our planet?

submitted by /u/_imhigh_
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What would happen to plants and animals if the magnetosphere was weakened?

Posted: 27 May 2020 07:49 PM PDT

I know that exposure to solar radiation, in space for example, can cause blindness or genetic mutations. I'm wondering how an increase in solar radiation would effect flora, fauna, and the climate.

submitted by /u/mannydee42
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What do we know about Covid-19 and mutation rate?

Posted: 27 May 2020 12:20 PM PDT

I haven't seen this asked, but if it was I apologize for missing it. I have several related questions I'm hoping y'all can help with. To my knowledge, viruses can mutate at will. Are there concerns about Covid-19 mutating? Do we know the rate at which that virus is likely to mutate? If the virus mutates, is it possible for it to become more severe/lethal? How would scientists know if it did mutate?

submitted by /u/Kalinyx848
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How long does magnetic reconnection take?

Posted: 27 May 2020 08:33 PM PDT

How long does the sun's plasma take to break apart its field and reconnect them? I've tried searching but to no avail. One article suggests it is a "lengthy process", but doesn't elaborate.

submitted by /u/Cheesebun19_
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Do we know in what order the five senses developed?

Posted: 27 May 2020 06:04 PM PDT

What is the smallest thing an ant can see?

Posted: 27 May 2020 02:36 PM PDT

As most of the cells are impossible to see to human eye, would it be that hard for smaller and smaller animals to see it?

submitted by /u/rThiagoM
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How long do hand sanitizers like Purell continue to kill germs and viruses after application?

Posted: 27 May 2020 08:36 AM PDT