How do chemists produce a weakened state of a disease to create vaccines? How can they confidently determine the disease is ready to be used as a vaccination? | AskScience Blog

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Friday, January 3, 2020

How do chemists produce a weakened state of a disease to create vaccines? How can they confidently determine the disease is ready to be used as a vaccination?

How do chemists produce a weakened state of a disease to create vaccines? How can they confidently determine the disease is ready to be used as a vaccination?


How do chemists produce a weakened state of a disease to create vaccines? How can they confidently determine the disease is ready to be used as a vaccination?

Posted: 02 Jan 2020 10:57 PM PST

I'm not antivax, I'm just genuinely curious and I can imagine a few methods how they would do this, but I'm wondering about the official method

submitted by /u/Mr_Spickles
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What are the colorful lines in NASA's Pale Blue Dot image?

Posted: 03 Jan 2020 01:06 AM PST

What was radioactivity called pre-Curie?

Posted: 03 Jan 2020 05:34 AM PST

Before Marie Curie coined the term "radioactivity," what was the term for that phenomenon?

submitted by /u/Draculalia
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Is there a theoretical limit to how much detail we can get from satelital images?

Posted: 02 Jan 2020 03:43 PM PST

The resolution you can get out of Google maps is pretty good, and we can make our individual persons most of the time. Will the technology ever get so good that we will be able to make out, say, an ant? If not, does the limit come from our technological capacity or is the limit a theoretical one, where it's physically impossible to get more resolution/detail?

submitted by /u/juanimapo
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How can a pregnant mother generate a sterile environment?

Posted: 02 Jan 2020 11:47 PM PST

I watched a Kurzgesagt video which said that human fetuses are in a sterile environment until they are born.

From what I understand about microbiology, creating a sterile environment is hard. Pressurized oven level hard. If I can wash my hands until I flay the skin from my fingers and still not get all the bacteria off, how can a mother generate such a large space of sterile room for an unborn?

submitted by /u/everburningblue
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Would a neck pillow soften the blow of whiplash or would the lack of free neck movement make the impact worse?

Posted: 03 Jan 2020 02:12 AM PST

Like in a car or plane crash. I'm just thinking like, when they say to brace for impact, if it is a good idea to keep your neck pillow on?

submitted by /u/alien_from_Europa
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What is the heat of vaporization for NaCl?

Posted: 02 Jan 2020 04:10 PM PST

I found that its boiling point is 1738K, but I can't find anything for its heat of vaporization. Wikipedia lists the heat of fusion, but not the heat of vaporization. Am I missing something?

submitted by /u/swimingduck
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Why is it in the movies when they wear bullet proof vests and get shot, they pass out or something and then wake up and reveal they were wearing a bullet proof Vest, why do they pass out?

Posted: 03 Jan 2020 12:47 AM PST

Is it possible to create an enzyme that breaks water into hydrogen and oxygen?

Posted: 02 Jan 2020 11:28 PM PST

How human milk is made? I mean all the way through: from food to bloodstream to mammary glands

Posted: 02 Jan 2020 02:42 PM PST

Is there a description of the whole process? I mean all chemical reactions, and how mammary glands extract nutrients from blood and convert them to milk and full understanding of how they work.

Also, are there machines which can turn food into bioidentical milk, let's say corn into human milk or grass into cows milk?

submitted by /u/karlrowden
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How are viruses fought? Which cells can attack them and which cells cannot? Why?

Posted: 02 Jan 2020 11:17 PM PST

Why does my marshmallow burn on the outside and not melt ?

Posted: 02 Jan 2020 11:11 PM PST

Can you measure the size of a galaxy using Cepheid variable stars?

Posted: 02 Jan 2020 03:36 PM PST

Specifically, could I measure the size of the Milky Way using the pulsation period of variable stars?

submitted by /u/CantaloupeFlamingo
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If enough asteroid mining is done and brought to earth, would it eventually start to change earth’s gravity pull?

Posted: 02 Jan 2020 07:43 AM PST

How steep must an incline be before you start to fall instead of slide down it?

Posted: 02 Jan 2020 03:47 PM PST

I've been curious about this for days and I can't seem to find an answer on Google. The logical answer would be a 90 degree angle but wouldn't an 89 degree angle still cause one to fall still? What about an 88 degree angle and on?

submitted by /u/mavyapsy
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How much water is on the moon?

Posted: 02 Jan 2020 07:36 AM PST

From some quick googling, I've found that evidence of ice was found on the moon, but I don't anything saying how much could exist.

With NASA's new lunar base campaign, it sounds like they're counting on significant amounts of water to be present in order to sustain a permanent base, and possibly having the moon as a fueling station using the water. What has been found so far?

submitted by /u/Arren07
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Are other animals apart from humans known to take and raise pets?

Posted: 02 Jan 2020 03:28 AM PST

Why does our brain need so many hours of sleep (1/3 of a day)?

Posted: 01 Jan 2020 11:40 PM PST

Why do we get congestion in our sinuses? Is this a defense mechanism of some sort? Not referring to the triggers, but why it even happens.

Posted: 01 Jan 2020 10:59 PM PST

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