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Friday, May 31, 2019

Did the plague doctor masks actually work?

Did the plague doctor masks actually work?

Did the plague doctor masks actually work?

Posted: 31 May 2019 07:38 PM PDT

For those that don't know what I'm talking about, doctors used to wear these masks that had like a bird beak at the front with an air intake slit at the end, the idea being that germs couldn't make their way up the flute.

I'm just wondering whether they were actually somewhat effective or was it just a misconception at the time?

submitted by /u/Edenspawn
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Why do people say that when light passes through another object, like glass or water, it slows down and continues at a different angle, but scientists say light always moves at a constant speed no matter what?

Posted: 31 May 2019 01:33 AM PDT

How common were dinosaurs?

Posted: 30 May 2019 09:56 PM PDT

It sounds dumb but hear me out. In movies, we always see dinosaurs in a mass quantity, squished together and nearly on top of each other. But if we were to go back right now, how often would you see dinosaurs? What would be the density of dinosaur life? What modern day animal sightings could you compare dinosaurs with? I really hope this question makes sense, but I can elaborate more if I have to. Thanks!

submitted by /u/BigMacs-BigSack
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What's the difference between a free photon and photon as a force carrier?

Posted: 31 May 2019 08:27 AM PDT

I want to understand how photons work. Apparently the light that flies through the void of space is made from photons. But the electromagnetic fields that surround us at all times, including our TV and WiFi and what have you, are also made of photons that carry interactions between charged particles. And somehow, in both cases photons are bosons, have no mass and no charge. I understand that by "light" we usually understand just its IR, visible and UV spectra, and that light and radio and gamma rays are actually all EM, just of different frequencies, but still, how does all that work? If light is made of photons, why doesn't light have charge? If electromagnetism is carried by photons, why don't they have charge? What's the difference between a photon of light that flew into my eye after being emitted by the Sun, and photon that carries my WiFi signal?

submitted by /u/MajesticS7777
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How much backup diesel fuel are nuclear power plants in the United States required to have? Days, weeks?

Posted: 31 May 2019 08:43 AM PDT

So nuclear power plants have backup diesel generators when the plant has to shut down for any reason. I can't seem to find information on how long this fuel supply is supposed to last though. Surely there's a minimum amount set by law or something.

submitted by /u/Sourpowerpete
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When it comes to brain damage from trauma, especially issues regarding perception (hemispatial neglect, for example), can a subject in any case "force" themselves to accept that their senses are deceiving them?

Posted: 31 May 2019 08:53 AM PDT

For example, if I were to one day have a stroke that led me to suspect that my wife had been replaced by an impostor, would I be doomed to believe it, or would I be capable of rationalizing that something had gone wrong inside my head, even though it might feel like she's been replaced?

submitted by /u/StChas77
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How does 5-HT1A Autoreceptors work and affect the Amygdala?

Posted: 31 May 2019 08:34 AM PDT

Hi,

​

Is anybody familiar with 5-HT1A auto-receptor? I'm struggling to understand the function of it as an autoreceptor. I understand that it regulates 5-HT but I'm not sure what is the mechanism. Does it bind to the 5-HT that the neurons release and further release lesser 5-HT? I would then assume that more 5-HT1A autoreceptor = low levels of serotonin. Is that right? Thus, according to this paper: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2736132/ how does 5-HT1A affect amygdala reactivity? The paper suggests that more 5-HT1A autoreceptors = low amygdala reactivity = low anxiety. However, if 5-HT1A releases lesser serotonin, wouldn't lesser serotonin levels lead to high levels of anxiety?

Apologies if I'm confusing everybody, but this is my very naive current understanding of 5-HT1A autoreceptors. I really wish to understand this receptor and mechanism.

Thank you all.

submitted by /u/TheWildJerry
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Why are Uranium fuel pellets sintered?

Posted: 31 May 2019 08:32 AM PDT

I've been trying to educate myself on nuclear tech, and seeing that most fuel rods are pulled with around 90%+ good fuel due to contamination from waste products got me looking into the fuel.

I tried good ol' Google but I'm really struggling with this one.

Has anyone used fuel rods/pellets made from a grown single crystal rather than sintered? I'm trying to determine how that structure would retain/reject fission products vs the sintered pellet.

submitted by /u/crispysilicon
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If they did, how ~2000 tested nuclear weapons from 1945s impacted global warming?

Posted: 31 May 2019 05:42 AM PDT

Why does just about everything in space spin?

Posted: 30 May 2019 07:22 PM PDT

Galaxies, black holes, planets, solar systems, and stars rotate. Why?

And while I'm at it, why does stuff wind up orbiting stuff, instead of just flinging past each other or colliding already?

submitted by /u/rancid_oil
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What is a bose-einstein condensate?

Posted: 30 May 2019 09:47 PM PDT

I've long since wanted to know what a bose-einstein condensate is but even after looking it up several times (I've wanted to know for a long time) I still have no clue. I just can't wrap my mind around it. I can't visualize it and even after trying google images, I just find graphs and unrelated stuff. Like plasma, and PLEASE correct me if I'm wrong, I imagine as a sort of goop or runny slime consistency but generally in a ball. Also, I know it's a superfluid, does that also make it a fluid? Is a superfluid just a sub-category of fluid? Please help.

submitted by /u/Monkeyofdoom44
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How fast can Humans go (Moving through space) and survive? Assuming we don't accelerate so fast it kills us? And how long would it take to get to light speed?

Posted: 30 May 2019 10:28 PM PDT

Why do allergic reactions vary in severity? If the immune response kicks in, shouldn’t be an all or nothing response?

Posted: 31 May 2019 12:09 PM PDT

Why does water temperature affect its taste?

Posted: 31 May 2019 12:08 PM PDT

How does this work?

submitted by /u/Z2omek
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Is there such a thing as a "linked placebo" effect? For example, taking two drugs, then suddenly stopping one, but still receiving some of the effects of the other?

Posted: 31 May 2019 11:55 AM PDT

So say you take allergy pills, and they have caffeine in them. Is there any evidence that, if you were to stop taking the pills, but continue taking a similar amount of caffeine, you could get some of the other effects of the pills?

Even if that exact example doesn't work, are there others that do?

submitted by /u/Vandechoz
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Can a polarizer be turned on and off with electricity?

Posted: 31 May 2019 02:14 AM PDT

How does the composition of the atmosphere vary with altitude, if at all? [Earth Science]

Posted: 31 May 2019 09:24 AM PDT

What happens to major arteries which bring blood to extremities after an amputation?

Posted: 31 May 2019 08:57 AM PDT

The femoral artery is a large artery that supplies the legs. What happens to it after the leg is amputated?

What do surgeons do with this artery, tie it back into the return vein, or tie it off and let new vessels form?

What happens to the circulatory system after an amputation, does its overall efficiency increase because blood has to travel less distance, or does it get negatively impacted because the oxygen is not being fully used but instead traveling in the return vein without being used?

submitted by /u/LesboPregnancyScare
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What purpose does the actually Uvula serve?

Posted: 30 May 2019 10:13 PM PDT

Does a frog remember being a tadpole?

Posted: 30 May 2019 06:29 PM PDT

I recently watched a video simulating tadpoles growing into frogs, which got me wondering if the memory capacity of a frog is strong enough to really understand the freedom it now has with its legs or if it forgets it's time swimming about.

submitted by /u/Thundrstrm
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Relative to its overall lifespan, is the sun an old star?

Posted: 30 May 2019 10:45 PM PDT
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Thursday, May 30, 2019

Why did the Fukushima nuclear plant switch to using fresh water after the accident?

Why did the Fukushima nuclear plant switch to using fresh water after the accident?

Why did the Fukushima nuclear plant switch to using fresh water after the accident?

Posted: 29 May 2019 06:45 PM PDT

I was reading about Operation Tomodachi and on the wikipedia page it mentioned that the US Navy provided 500,000 gallons of fresh water to cool the plant. That struck me as odd considering they could just use sea water. After doing some digging this was all I could find. Apparently they were using sea water but wanted to switch over to using fresh water. Any idea why?

submitted by /u/scrubs2009
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Will age/time work differently for a colony on Mars than it would on Earth/would a person be younger/older on one versus the other?

Posted: 30 May 2019 07:04 AM PDT

A common symptom of severe radiation exposure is nausea and vomiting shortly after. What biological mechanism is affected by the radiation to result in these symptoms so soon after exposure?

Posted: 29 May 2019 09:29 PM PDT

This is a well-known effect of severe exposure to radiation. I've been searching online to find out what specific biological process is disrupted by the radiation to produce this effect, but I haven't found anything.

I can understand the biological origin of the many longer term effects due to tissue damage, like hair falling off and diarrhea, due to the damage of the rapidly reproducing cells. But it is unclear to me why nausea and vomiting would have a much quicker onset (minutes in some severe cases recorded) via the same mechanisms. Is a destruction of the cells in the stomach lining really all there is to it, and we're just more sensitive to it?

What kind of biological mechanisms induce nausea/vomiting, and how are they affected by radiation?

submitted by /u/lucasvb
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Does each percent of your phone battery last the same amount of time or does it drain faster as it approaches 0%?

Posted: 30 May 2019 07:26 AM PDT

This may be a dumb question because the word "percent" would imply equal parts UNLESS it refers a portion of the battery that is charged, meaning that some portions could last longer than others, if that makes sense.

It may all just be confirmation bias, but I always feel that my phone battery drains insanely quickly during that last 15-20% while it doesn't drain as quickly off a fresh charge.

Lastly, I've always heard that battery technology was moving at a snail's pace yet lately I've been hearing about phones charging to 50% in 20 mins. I'm assuming that the remaining 50% takes longer than 20 mins to charge, which is another reason I feel like each "percent" on my battery could last different amounts of time.

submitted by /u/HAQERIF
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How long after death can frogs be electrostimulated?

Posted: 30 May 2019 06:42 AM PDT

I'm running a lab in which students will dissect frogs and electrically stimulate their legs to move. I chose frogs because I know they better retain internal ions and energy after death, but I don't know for how long. Live frogs aren't in season, so I'm not sure if I can still run the lab with preserved specimens. Google hasn't been much help and I'm hoping there's someone here who can answer my question.

submitted by /u/Apollo009
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Why do fruits bruise? Why does the bruised flesh taste different from the rest?

Posted: 30 May 2019 07:51 AM PDT

How do submarines keep from rolling underwater?

Posted: 30 May 2019 12:37 AM PDT

So this question kinda has two parts

First, how does the submarine resist the force of water moving laterally along it?

Second, in most animations that I've seen, submarines have a single turbine that propels the craft forward, however with my background knowledge of helicopters and how the tail prop keeps it from spinning in air, how does a submarine prevent this effect in the water?

submitted by /u/FragileEclipse
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How are nuclear cores set up and eventually removed if they are so radioactive? Are they less radioactive at these points?

Posted: 30 May 2019 06:12 AM PDT

Just trying to imagine how you could even use machinery to regularly place and remove the cores if they're as dangerous as damaged open cores. How often are they replaced?

submitted by /u/esheena1
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Is it possible to transmit composite/coaxial tv over fm radio?

Posted: 29 May 2019 08:11 PM PDT

If you windmill your arms in outer space, do you rotate or do you stay stationary?

Posted: 29 May 2019 09:30 PM PDT

What drives stellar nurseries to expand outwards and the stars to separate instead of remaining in a cluster?

Posted: 30 May 2019 02:21 AM PDT

During this expansion of a stellar nursery, do some stars collide into each other and form black holes and if not why?

submitted by /u/alleax
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If a Thermos flask maintains heat by blocking conduction/convection by means of a vacuum gap in its walls, does that mean sound is also unable to travel through the walls?

Posted: 29 May 2019 09:42 PM PDT

I don't have a small enough speaker to do an 'experiment', but would a source of sound be inaudible to an outsider if placed in a closed Thermos flask?

I suppose it depends on whether the vibrating atoms can bridge the gap, which in turn depends on the amplitude of the source -- but if the gap was big enough, then surely there would be no feasible way to make a sound source that can escape the Thermos?

submitted by /u/_PrimalDialga
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Is it possible to artificially induce strong intermolecular forces?

Posted: 30 May 2019 05:00 AM PDT

I was just wondering if you could create an appliance which temporarily combined gases in the air into a solid to make an "air" step.

submitted by /u/kuuhaq
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Do high radiation levels have any immediate, short-term, and long-term effects on human memory formation and cognitive abilities?

Posted: 30 May 2019 04:35 AM PDT

What does zero point energy mean and how does it correlate to quantum physics?

Posted: 29 May 2019 10:25 PM PDT

I've looked up what zero point energy means but still do not understand what it really means. To my understanding it's relating about minimum energy of the universe and the energy of a proton?

submitted by /u/RedmeisterR
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Do photons have any mass or they just have no mass at all?

Posted: 29 May 2019 01:32 PM PDT

If they do have some minimal mass, could a "photon engine" work in a fantasy spacecraft where it just blasts a powerful laser backwards to get propulsion?

submitted by /u/Morke_
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Is there a difference between how information and experiences are remembered?

Posted: 29 May 2019 05:15 PM PDT

This is question popped into my head after I noticed that I seem to be able to remember and recall information, facts, and knowledge really easily, but events and experiences always seem to be much more fuzzy in my memory. So, I was wondering if there were any notable differences in the storage, maintenance, and recollection of these things.

submitted by /u/Alice_Because
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Special Relativity question too long for title (see text)?

Posted: 29 May 2019 07:52 PM PDT

You shine light on X Axis to both sides. For Say 10 seconds.

They both Travel 10LightSeconds Distance. Total 20LS. To each opposite photons doesn't it look like the opposite photons are going 2xLS?

I was trying to explain it in my head that perhaps light doesn't experience time. (Which I believe is true). So sub it with any object that travels at speed > 0.5 LS

submitted by /u/toseawaybinghamton
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Can telescopic images taken during the Earth's orbit around the sun be peiced together similarly to those taken by the network of telescopes around Earth, which were used for the recent black hole images?

Posted: 29 May 2019 06:14 PM PDT

The Event Horizon Telescope is a network of international telescopes which collected data that was peiced together (through a process called interpolation) to create the recent black hole images. A much larger area is covered by the Earth's orbit around the sun, so would a similar process be possible to look much further? If so, would the view for this be limited to a perpendicular line through the flat plane of Earth's orbit?

submitted by /u/psych_student_
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Physics of archery: Does it matter if the bowstring is loose at the end of release?

Posted: 29 May 2019 11:05 AM PDT

I made a giant 4 armed ballista (scorpion?) inspired by the giant one in game of thrones. Here is a youtube video for reference. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ReBMjJU7vc (the part relevant to my question is at 3:50)

A lot of comments saying I would have better performance if the bowstring was taut on release. Right now the string is 'loose' on arrow release.

I just figured if I pulled it back until it reached 1000 pound draw, the springs would be storing the same about of energy, but the draw would be longer because the string was not tight to begin with.

My argument against the making string tight to begin with is simple design. Mainly due to having to bend the limbs back enough to clear the mounting plate for the limbs. And for example say it would be loaded with around 200lbs of force bending the arms back. Then if I pulled the arrow back to 1000lbs, there would only be 800lbs of force available to act on the arrow.

Im just wondering if there is an advantage to have the limbs and bowstring tight and under tension at the release point, and why this is so. Thank you!

submitted by /u/MerlinTheWhite
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Are Black Holes Magnetically Active and If so How is the magnetic field produced?

Posted: 29 May 2019 06:38 AM PDT
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Wednesday, May 29, 2019

AskScience AMA Series: I am Jamil Zaki, professor of psychology at Stanford University and director of the Stanford Social Neuroscience Lab. I wrote a book called The War for Kindness, which shares stories and research about how to fight for empathy even when it feels impossible to some days. AMA!

AskScience AMA Series: I am Jamil Zaki, professor of psychology at Stanford University and director of the Stanford Social Neuroscience Lab. I wrote a book called The War for Kindness, which shares stories and research about how to fight for empathy even when it feels impossible to some days. AMA!

AskScience AMA Series: I am Jamil Zaki, professor of psychology at Stanford University and director of the Stanford Social Neuroscience Lab. I wrote a book called The War for Kindness, which shares stories and research about how to fight for empathy even when it feels impossible to some days. AMA!

Posted: 29 May 2019 04:00 AM PDT

I am Jamil Zaki, a professor of psychology at Stanford University and the director of the Stanford Social Neuroscience Lab. I wrote a book called The War for Kindness (it comes out next week on June 4), which shares stories and research about how to fight for empathy even when it feels impossible to some days.

Empathy is in short supply. Isolation and tribalism are rampant. We struggle to understand people who aren't like us, but find it easy to hate them. Studies show that we are less caring than we were even thirty years ago. In 2006, Barack Obama said that the United States is suffering from an "empathy deficit". Since then, things only seem to have gotten worse.

It doesn't have to be this way. In my book, I share my research, including experiments from my own lab, showing that empathy is not a fixed trait - something we're born with or not - but rather a skill that can be strengthened through effort. There are stories of people who embody this new perspective, fighting for kindness in the most difficult of circumstances. We meet a former neo-Nazi who is now helping extract people from hate groups, ex-prisoners discussing novels with the judge who sentenced them, Washington police officers changing their culture to decrease violence among their ranks, and NICU nurses fine-tuning their empathy so that they don't succumb to burnout.

For more information, you can visit: [warforkindness.com](warforkindness.com)

To pre-order a copy, visit: https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/550616/the-war-for-kindness-by-jamil-zaki/

You can see I'll be ready for your questions at 9AM Pacific/Noon Eastern (16 UT), AMA!

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Are there more protons, neutrons, or electrons in the universe? How do the three rank by abundance?

Posted: 28 May 2019 04:58 PM PDT

Ask Anything Wednesday - Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science

Posted: 29 May 2019 08:12 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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How does a simple circuit with a cell and a bulb actually work in detail?

Posted: 29 May 2019 02:39 AM PDT

I want to know the inner workings of a simple electric circuit. I have been getting confused lately regarding charge carriers and what not.

submitted by /u/simeon_jesus
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Why is mars's axial tilt similar to earth's?

Posted: 29 May 2019 02:39 AM PDT

As I understand it, the spin of mars is similar to earth's because it is derived from the initial spin of the accretion disc. But what factors influence the axial tilt of a planet? As I understand it, for a moonless ( large ones ) planets this varies wildly because nothing keeps it in place.

Why are earth's and mars's axial tilts so similar, and if by chance, what are the odds?

submitted by /u/autisticsavanas
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How do protons become converted into neutrons and vice versa?

Posted: 29 May 2019 07:40 AM PDT

I saw in another thread about the number of protons vs electrons vs neutrons in the universe and someone mentioned that neutrons and protons could be converted into each other through the weak force. How does this process take place?

The other thread this came from: https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/bu7j1j/are_there_more_protons_neutrons_or_electrons_in/

submitted by /u/ThatNerdyRedneck
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How do transformers deal with different input potential differences?

Posted: 29 May 2019 07:05 AM PDT

I think I have a decent understanding of how a transformer works, that by altering the number of loops on the primary and secondary coils you can step up or step down the output potential difference. One thing I'm not sure about is how the transformers in things such as laptop cables allow an input P.D. range from 110V to 240V and still output the 12V required by the laptop. Can anyone explain this to me please?

submitted by /u/Theuniversal82
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Is the ground getting "taller"?

Posted: 28 May 2019 07:08 PM PDT

I've been reading about archeology lately and find it interesting that they always have to dig to find things. Are objects on the ground constantly being covered in layer after layer of dirt? Is the ground getting "taller" so to speak? Where is this dirt coming from?

I understand, in some cases, humans built new cities on top of the ruins of old cities.

Bonus question: Would this slightly offset sea level rise or is it just dirt moving from mountains to valleys?

submitted by /u/Roguefalcon
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How do we measure someone's olfactory response?

Posted: 29 May 2019 06:10 AM PDT

I know there is variance in the ability to smell between different individuals, such as those with hyperosmia/hyposmia, but how is this determined?

Is there a specific scale or measurement that is used?

submitted by /u/thatsconelover
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If a person is radioactive can they make other people and things radioactive?

Posted: 29 May 2019 05:57 AM PDT

Why is it when you take a ball of plasticine, it sinks in water, but floats once you squash it enough? Is it because of surface tension or density or something else? This is a basic question, but I have been genuinely puzzled for a while.

Posted: 29 May 2019 05:52 AM PDT

Why do some chemicals react differently when added in a different way? Such as Chlorine, and Water.

Posted: 29 May 2019 05:42 AM PDT

Why do chemical such as Chlorine act differently when added to water, if water is added to it? Chlorine when added to water reacts differently, than if you were to put water onto chlorine, why is this?

submitted by /u/____Zaxh____
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How do genes influence the development of beaks in birds?

Posted: 29 May 2019 02:45 AM PDT

Is there a major underlying genetic mechanism underneath that shapes the beaks of all birds? I find it fascinating as beaks are so varied and I'm wondering how the genetic mechanism functions to create this diversity amongst bird beaks. If you don't have an answer, are there any resources worth looking at? Any other directions I can head in?

submitted by /u/remote_man
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Do strategic skills transfer between different games?

Posted: 28 May 2019 01:34 PM PDT

If I play a lot of chess will I be better at go, or if I play a lot of strategy video games will it help (to whatever extent) with board games like Risk etc. or since these games have different rules, would the skills for them be mostly independent from each other?

submitted by /u/Akaihi
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In Liquid packaging boards, how is the seperation of the single layers at the site of Aluminum prevented?

Posted: 29 May 2019 02:32 AM PDT

In this article there is a good picture showing the single layers of such a "liquid packaging board". Why do the layers not just simply separate where there is AL?

As I understand it, Al is vaporized onto a PE - layer, which ist hen merged with another PE layer. But in my experience introduction of an Al-Layer inbetween other layers will prevent any kind of adhesion of those outer layers to each other, meaning you could easily pull those apart.

I hope you understand what I'm trying to say...

submitted by /u/meinhark
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Is there a theoretical max diameter for hail?

Posted: 28 May 2019 09:58 PM PDT

With some of the footage that has been going around of the weather in the mid west, I see a lot of people sharing stories of baseball, from one thread I saw some even telling tall tales of basketball sized hail.

This has me wondering, is there a limit to how large an individual piece of hail can get before hitting the ground? If so, what determines that?

submitted by /u/pribnow
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How does 'activated charcoal' work in the body? Are there any ways of amplifying it's powers?

Posted: 29 May 2019 12:59 AM PDT

On the molecular level, what makes an oil classified that way?

Posted: 28 May 2019 06:47 PM PDT

I have an add-on question to that if anyone is willing to take a stab: If you had unusual elements that were to reach their liquid state, would that liquid state be classified as an oil?

submitted by /u/Grandpa_Willy
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Why does negative charge accumulate at the bottom of the cloud as opposed to the top part of the cloud?

Posted: 28 May 2019 11:13 PM PDT

EDIT: Also, in a lightning strike, it is said that positive charges travel from the ground up and negative charges travel from the cloud down. When they meet, this causes a lighting bolt. My additional question is: How can "positive charges" move? Aren't positive charges (protons) much less mobile than negative charges (electrons) ?

​

EDIT: Question #3: When a lightning strikes the ground, the negative charges moves from the bottom part of the cloud to the ground. What happens to the top part of the cloud, which is positively charged?

submitted by /u/3WayGen
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Why are rainy clouds grey and not white? Is the greyness a measure for the amount of rain it contains?

Posted: 28 May 2019 09:45 AM PDT

Can viral vectors used in gene therapy replicate, or do they just deliver their payloads and die?

Posted: 28 May 2019 01:59 PM PDT

I've read about experiments in curing genetic diseases using viral vectors. From what I understand, they take a virus, put RNA or DNA encoding correct genes, as opposed to faulty ones causing patient's disease, then infect people with that virus, and it injects patient's cells with correct genes. What I want to know is, since viruses use cells to make more viruses, are these viral vectors capable of making more of themselves, or they just deliver their payload and die? Meaning that during therapy, you only get as much viral particles as there is in the shot you're given, or however it's administered?

submitted by /u/MajesticS7777
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