How did they beam back live images from the moon before the invention of the CCD or digital sensor?? What device turned the image into radio waves? | AskScience Blog

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Sunday, April 1, 2018

How did they beam back live images from the moon before the invention of the CCD or digital sensor?? What device turned the image into radio waves?

How did they beam back live images from the moon before the invention of the CCD or digital sensor?? What device turned the image into radio waves?


How did they beam back live images from the moon before the invention of the CCD or digital sensor?? What device turned the image into radio waves?

Posted: 01 Apr 2018 02:49 AM PDT

How does light from research submarines affect deep sea ecosystems?

Posted: 01 Apr 2018 03:32 AM PDT

I'm just watching some Planet Earth II and I noticed that the submarines are using what seems to be visible light to observe life at the bottom of the ocean near Antarctica. How does this light interact with these deep sea ecosystems?

submitted by /u/EveryDayIsLikeMonday
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What causes this reverse funnel effect from the expulsion gases of a rocket launch?

Posted: 01 Apr 2018 02:54 AM PDT

In a recent SpaceX launch, I noticed a very clear "reverse funnel" effect coming from the thrust(?)/expulsion gases(?) at around 23:40 in this video.

It happens just after max Q (which I only understand to be "maximum dynamic pressure"), though I'm not sure if that has something to do with the effect or if it just becomes more visible at that point. It seems to disappear at around 24:15, but it might just be offscreen.

Sort-of follow up question: is there something that changes in the system that does and/or would cause the effect to stop?

submitted by /u/internet_eq_epic
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Can inconel be made with tungsten in it?

Posted: 01 Apr 2018 01:27 AM PDT

On the Wikipedia page for inconel, there's a list of the most common alloys of it and what percentages of what types of metal go into making each specific alloy. I noticed that none of them involve tungsten which was surprising to me because inconel is used commonly in such high heat and strength applications.

Is there something I don't know about metallurgy that prevents tungsten from being a part of any inconel mix?

submitted by /u/Elbynerual
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Why do ceramic objects make a lot of noise for their impact, relative to many other materials?

Posted: 31 Mar 2018 06:13 PM PDT

I read this story and it got me thinking about that. About how a toilet tank lid nearly caused permanent hearing damage for dropping a "mere" 8 inches. I know this myself from accidentally dropping the edge of a plate, just a few inches. The plates don't break but they are damn loud. What makes these ceramics so loud on impact?

submitted by /u/ccricers
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Is it possible to "carbonate" liquids with other gasses?

Posted: 31 Mar 2018 04:16 PM PDT

What is special about carbon dioxide? can we use other gasses to "carbonate" a liquid instead? If so why c02. If not why can't we.

submitted by /u/abk03
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Why is it that alloying one metal (copper) with another metal that is softer (tin) creates a product (bronze) that is harder than copper, not softer? Is there something about the process of alloying itself that creates hardness?

Posted: 01 Apr 2018 04:27 AM PDT

I've taken up metalworking lately, I started cold working copper, moved up to casting, alloying and hot working copper, brass and bronze and about a month ago I started learning how to forge iron. I've learned a lot of metallurgical science, especially as a result of learning about heat treating, the mollecular stuff that causes copper to become softer when annealed, or steel to become harder when heated to the critical point and then rapidly cooled by quenching. One thing that I don't know, but I am curious, is why is it that alloying metals creates harder material regardless of the individual components of the alloy — that might not make sense in the way that I've expressed it so here's an example of what I mean, Bronze is an alloy of approximately 85-88% copper and 12-15% tin, and it is significantly harder than copper, however tin is very soft, soft enough that a tin ingot can be deformed by squeezing it with bare hands, similarly brass is 84-86% copper and 14-16-% with 0.5-1% lead in older pieces, it is also harder than copper (but softer than bronze) even though zinc and lead are very soft and much softer than copper — why is it that adding a softer metal to copper makes it harder as opposed to soft? To me that doesn't make any sort of logical sense, since in simple terms if I were to take a cup of water that was 30% sugar (softness) and add another half-cup of water that was 65% sugar, it would have a higher sugar content than it's individual parts and thus be more sweet than the cup that we started with, not less.

submitted by /u/Louisianais
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Why is there layers in the atmosphere is it's all the same gas, like how do they decide where the layer stops and the next starts?

Posted: 31 Mar 2018 04:31 PM PDT

Is it theoretically possible to create a cure for all types of cancer? Or when people say "a cure for cancer," they just mean finding more ways to treat specific types of cancer

Posted: 31 Mar 2018 05:40 PM PDT

What percentage of the water you drink turns to urine, and what percentage goes elsewhere?

Posted: 01 Apr 2018 06:14 AM PDT

What allows our smartphones to easily register a human touch as input, but negate that of an inanimate object, like a pen?

Posted: 31 Mar 2018 05:47 PM PDT

I heard that some of the first radios used crystals to 'receive' radio waves. How does this work, and are newer radios operating along the same principle?

Posted: 31 Mar 2018 06:25 PM PDT

Does each radio need a crystal in order to function, or do newer radios function in a different manner? thanks

submitted by /u/Jay_B_
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Why is multicollinearity a problem?

Posted: 31 Mar 2018 07:55 PM PDT

Recently in classes I've been learning about multicollinearity, and from what I'm understanding it's when independent variables in a regression have a high correlation with one another. Why would this be a problem, and could you maybe give a real life scenario example showing how this affects the data? Thank you!

submitted by /u/integralfallacy
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How doesn't entropy break the law of conservation of energy?

Posted: 31 Mar 2018 05:54 PM PDT

Hi guys, I currently read somewhere that the law of conservation of energy only works in processes that are time-symmetrical, meaning that we can't tell whether we are observing the said processes in reverse or not; that's why the density of dark energy is constant as space expands and therefore we have more dark energy as time moves forward.

Now, as we know, the total entropy of the universe is supposed to increase over time. Therefore the universe should have more and more entropy as time passes on. Plus the fact that the law of conservation of energy should hold for isolated systems.

Finally, Here's my question: Can we consider the entire universe as an isolated system? (I mean, what else is there to affect it?) And if so, what keeps this increasing entropy of the universe from breaking the law of conservation of energy? (Cause, you know, otherwise thermodynamics would be paradoxical, right?)

submitted by /u/ILoveSheikyBubba
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Do Aquatic Animals Suffer from Infectious Diseases?

Posted: 31 Mar 2018 03:32 PM PDT

Is there a upper bound on how fast planes can travel safely over long distances?

Posted: 31 Mar 2018 06:15 PM PDT

If let's say the government wanted build the fastest plane possible, what is the physical limit to how fast a plane can travel over distances of thousands of miles before it becomes too unstable?

submitted by /u/JirenTheGay
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Why does temperature in the thermosphere increase with altitude?

Posted: 31 Mar 2018 07:54 PM PDT

It there another sphere above this? Because the temperature of space is almost zero (K) But the temperature of the highest sphere is increasing?
I was looking at temperature against altitude graphs. Thank you

submitted by /u/sedg12
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Why do I feel my phone go off in my pocket when it is neither going off nor in my pocket?

Posted: 31 Mar 2018 11:13 AM PDT

In terms of half life, why do certain particles of an element decay while others don't? Why don't all of them decay?

Posted: 31 Mar 2018 10:53 AM PDT

For example, for Carbon-14, why do certain particles of that isotope decay and others don't? Aren't they the same? And where do the particles that do decay go?

submitted by /u/ItsYoBoiGuzma
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Does looking through the atmosphere refract the image we see similar to looking through the surface of water?

Posted: 31 Mar 2018 10:53 AM PDT

I don't think so, otherwise a telescope would be a terrible astral positioning system.

submitted by /u/Hippiedownsouth16
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How developed are the chicks inside eggs when they're laid?

Posted: 31 Mar 2018 02:06 PM PDT

What determines how much dark matter a celestial body has?

Posted: 31 Mar 2018 04:18 PM PDT

I have recently been reading a lot about dark matter and I have been wondering how do scientists determine how much dark matter a celestial body contains. I know that scientist know that dark matter exists because some galaxies spin faster than their gravity holds them together, so there has to be something invisible that is providing an extra force that keeps it together. However, I recently came across this article https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/distant-galaxy-dark-matter-universe-understanding-theories-wrong-space-yale-a8277951.html that states that there is a galaxy with no dark matter. How are scientists able to calculate whether galaxy contains dark matter? Also, how are they able to avoid the distortion of light that could give them inaccurate results?

submitted by /u/toomysxs
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How were cranial nerve functions determined?

Posted: 31 Mar 2018 04:12 PM PDT

Is this based solely off experiments with rats and case studies from people with very specific cranial nerve injuries? Where do textbooks draw this information from?

submitted by /u/kokiloco
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