How common is general anesthesia in dental practice? | AskScience Blog

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Tuesday, June 6, 2017

How common is general anesthesia in dental practice?

How common is general anesthesia in dental practice?


How common is general anesthesia in dental practice?

Posted: 06 Jun 2017 01:07 AM PDT

Regional anesthesia is used the most in my area despite the difficulty of the dental procedure (pulling wisdom teeth for example). General anesthesia is the last option and barely suggested.
So how common is general anesthesia in dental practice in other countries?

submitted by /u/zulzulfie
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Are there video algorithms to significantly enhance detail from low quality RAW video source material?

Posted: 06 Jun 2017 04:20 AM PDT

Everybody knows the stupid TV trope, where an investigator tells his hacker friend "ENHANCE!", and seconds later the reflection of a face is seen in the eyeball of a person recorded at 640x320. And we all know that digital video does not work like that.

But let's say the source material is an analog film reel, or a feed from a cheap security camera that happened to write uncompressed RAW images to disk at 30fps.

This makes the problem not much different from how the human eye works. The retina is actually pretty low-res, but because of ultra fast eye movements (saccades) and oversampling in the brain, our field of vision has remarkable resolution.

Is there an algorithm that treats RAW source material as "highest compression possible", and can display it "decompressed" - in much greater detail?

Because while each frame is noisy and grainy, the data visible in each frame is also recorded in many, many consecutive images after the first. Can those subsequent images be used to carry out some type of oversampling in order to reduce noise and gain pixel resolution digitally? Are there algorithms that automatically correct for perspective changes in panning shots? Are there algorithms that can take moving objects into account - like the face of a person walking through the frame, that repeatedly looks straight into the camera and then looks away again?

I know how compression works in codecs like MPEG4, and I know what I'm asking is more complicated (time scales longer than a few frames require a complete 3D model of the scene) - but in theory, the information available in the low quality RAW footage and high quality MPEG4 footage is not so different, right?

So what are those algorithms called? What field studies things like that?

submitted by /u/pbmonster
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For people in areas with no access to clean water, do they live with constant parasite/bacterial infestations or do their immune systems become adept at clearing them?

Posted: 06 Jun 2017 06:24 AM PDT

Just got back from my second trip to Haiti. Got Giardia...again. It had me thinking, for the people that live where I went they are obviously exposed to the cysts on a daily basis. Are they living with the parasite and e coli infections all day every day? Or do their body's immune systems become adept at fighting off the parasites and e coli so that infestations can no longer occur?

Follow up question: I read that Giardia cysts can last for months, are cold resistant, and resistant to chlorination and UV disinfectants. That being said, when I go to the bathroom, how is our wastewater treatment eliminating the cysts? Or am I just flushing my problem down to someone else later on?

submitted by /u/MangoManchild
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Can two consecutive frames from a camera be exactly the same?

Posted: 05 Jun 2017 04:09 PM PDT

If I'm running a video camera on an extremely still scene (eg. in my living room where there is no wind) and I grab two consecutive frames, is there a possibility of both frames being totally identical? By identical, I mean each pixel is the exact same color, and they both have the exact same checksum when saved to a file...

submitted by /u/hannibaldon
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If you have an infinite amount of things in each box, and an infinite amount of boxes. Do you have more things than boxes?

Posted: 05 Jun 2017 07:02 PM PDT

Why does light pass through glass? I know why it doesn't get absorbed, but why doesn't it reflect off?

Posted: 06 Jun 2017 03:29 AM PDT

How does airport security see inside of bags when putting it through a scanner?

Posted: 06 Jun 2017 06:13 AM PDT

Is a nonlinear system truly indeterminable?

Posted: 06 Jun 2017 05:47 AM PDT

I've been thinking a lot lately about determinism from a physics standpoint: if we disconsider Quantum Physics, wouldn't everything be pre-determined? If all there is are atoms and we can predict the next state of the system based on the current one, technically the future is already known. Of course, with Quantum Physics the future would be nothing but probabilities.

But then I've heard about complex, nonlinear systems, which the human brain would be an example. They're described as being unpredictable and that the state before doesn't necessarily dictate the state after. How can this be? Are nonlinear systems just something that is affected by many variables and it's virtually impossible to account for all of them? However a hypothetical all-knowing creature that had all the information would be able to predict the next state? Or is it truly chaotic?

submitted by /u/fevieiraleite
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Do pixels, bytes/computer memory occupy matter?

Posted: 06 Jun 2017 03:48 AM PDT

Why don't we induce artificial gravity on space stations with a rotating section?

Posted: 05 Jun 2017 02:07 PM PDT

This is something I've been asking myself for a while: the absence of gravity (eg on the ISS) causes problems to astronauts like muscle volume reduction. If one of the parts composing the ISS were rotating, it would induce a gravity-like force pulling radially, that would allow the astronauts to at least exercise passively. Due to low friction, maintaining the rotation wouldn't be expensive.

I'm curious to know why this isn't practical. My guess is that maintaining the sealing between the rotating and noon rotating parts is not as trivial, but again one could "pack" everything.

submitted by /u/UserAlreadyNotTaken
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If we remove one by one elements of natural numbers infinitely many times, will we ever empty the set? What about reals?

Posted: 05 Jun 2017 11:41 AM PDT

Let me explain, the key here is that you remove numbers infinitely many times, you don't stop at one moment. My guess is that if the set is countably infinite we can achieve removing every element because we removed countably infinite numbers from the set and we can construct a bijection from the elements removed to the natural numbers, so there is no room left for another number; but if it is not countable, there is not even a way from where to start removing elements so we wouldn't reach an end(or even a start), am I right? What is the correct answer for this?

submitted by /u/PeriferialGuy
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Why do some photons pass through a mirror?

Posted: 05 Jun 2017 02:42 PM PDT

I had once watched a very interesting youtube video which explained this in detail, but I forgot the reasoning & can't find the video. If someone can find it, I'd love to re-watch!

submitted by /u/sloppies
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How much mass is travelling in the LHC when it is on?

Posted: 05 Jun 2017 03:06 PM PDT

Like the title says, when the Large Hadron Collider is operating, how much does all the particles traveling in it weigh(combined)?

submitted by /u/Tuxinet
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Why is Beryllium-8 Unstable?

Posted: 05 Jun 2017 10:25 AM PDT

Helium-4 (an alpha) is super-stable. So is Carbon-12, which can be viewed as merely 3 alphas. So are Oxygen-16, Neon-20, Magnesium-24, as 4, 5, and 6 alphas, respectively.

Each of these elements can be viewed as merely a pile of alphas, and all but Be8 are all stable, and given my limited, hand-waving understanding of nuclear physics, it makes sense: Nuclei "like" even numbers of nucleons, even numbers of protons & neutrons (an even-even nucleus), and a comparable number of protons to neutrons, which all of these nucleii have.

So why is Be8 the outlier?

Get your shit together Beryllium-8!

submitted by /u/garrettj100
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What IS potential energy?

Posted: 05 Jun 2017 03:01 PM PDT

One that always bothered me is the concept of potential energy. It is said that is energy stored in an object with the famous example of the ball and gravity, but that doesn't seem to make any sense at all it seems as if it is just a term used so that the law of conservation of energy is true. So what is it? How do we know it is a thing?

submitted by /u/Kemo-III
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How accurate are laminar boundary layer models?

Posted: 05 Jun 2017 11:47 AM PDT

I have just finished my second year of university with a module in fluid dynamics in which Laminar boundary layers with zero pressure gradients were looked at. As part of this module, boundary layers with adverse pressure gradients that looks at separation of flows were also looked at.

My question is, how accurate are the models that assume u/U=n-n2 for example where u is the velocity,U is the free-stream velocity and n is the ratio (y/delta) and obtaining solutions based on the no-slip conditions for example.

Thanks!

submitted by /u/spk96
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Do time crystals imply CP violation?

Posted: 05 Jun 2017 07:06 PM PDT

I know they can exhibit spontaneous T-symmetry breaking, so does that in turn imply CP-symmetry violation? Pardon me if I misunderstand the notion.

submitted by /u/BackburnerPyro
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What's the highest temperature attainable by magnifying our sun's light?

Posted: 05 Jun 2017 12:10 PM PDT

Assume a magnifying glass lens the diameter of Mercury located somewhere within the Earth's orbit.

submitted by /u/dick_long_wigwam
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Is there anything that is 100% dense?

Posted: 06 Jun 2017 05:07 AM PDT

Are there any liquids that are less viscous than water?

Posted: 05 Jun 2017 08:20 PM PDT

Looking and the small waves in my pool the other night cause by very slight breezes provoked this thought as it seemed very little force is needed to get a lot of water to move. No better place to ask then here!

submitted by /u/mojoespo33
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