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Friday, October 21, 2016

Fusion via heavy water cavitation collapse?

Fusion via heavy water cavitation collapse?


Fusion via heavy water cavitation collapse?

Posted: 21 Oct 2016 04:05 AM PDT

Firstly, what kind of energy/temperature/pressure would you need to fuse Deuterium and/or Tritium atoms as components of heavy water molecules? Secondly, could that energy be achieved in the collapse of a heavy water cavity? If not on it's own, would it be possible if the cavity collapse was assisted with an additional wave pressure wave?

submitted by /u/graebot
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How much more dangerous would lightning strikes have been 300 million years ago when atmospheric oxygen levels peaked at 35%?

Posted: 21 Oct 2016 04:34 AM PDT

Re: the statistic, I found it here

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geological_history_of_oxygen

Since the start of the Cambrian period, atmospheric oxygen concentrations have fluctuated between 15% and 35% of atmospheric volume.[10] The maximum of 35% was reached towards the end of the Carboniferous period (about 300 million years ago), a peak which may have contributed to the large size of insects and amphibians at that time.

submitted by /u/ergotpoisoning
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Is Fuzzy Logic used in science, and more specifically in Quantum Mechanics?

Posted: 21 Oct 2016 02:40 AM PDT

So I am self studying Fuzzy Sets from George J. Klir's book. Chapter 1 concludes with a discussion on paradigm shifts, and how fuzzy logic is a new paradigm that will change science considerably. The book was written in 1995 though. So did scientists adopt this new paradigm, and more specifically did this new paradigm make its way to quantum mechanics?

submitted by /u/i_m_no_bot
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Why does the CDC report on cases of B. pertussis (whooping cough) appear to show an increase in cases among children with 3+ doses of vaccination? [Links inside]

Posted: 20 Oct 2016 08:02 PM PDT

I'm not an antivaxxer, however, I came across the CDC's surveillance reports from the past few years that seem to show an increased risk for those children who have multiple doses of the vaccination.

(The links I am referring to are near the bottom of the webpage under "Surveillance Reports")

I do not intend to start any 'Vax or No-Vax' conversation, I simply desire to understand what this data is actually conveying.

Thank you!

submitted by /u/3434Anon3434
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Why are free neutrons unstable?

Posted: 20 Oct 2016 03:25 PM PDT

Why is it that free neutrons are unstable whereas free protons are perfectly stable on their own? What is it about a free neutron that unstablizes it outside of the nucleus of an atom?

submitted by /u/Airstew
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Pictures of the shade balls that LA dropped into its reservoir show organized groups of balls on the water that are reminiscent of the crystal structures on the surface of galvanized steel. Is this just coincidence or are there related processes at play?

Posted: 20 Oct 2016 11:06 AM PDT

Here are the pictures of the shade balls that I'm referring too:

Pic 1

Pic 2

Pic 3

And for reference, a picture of galvanized steel.

Are there related processes at play that influence both the formation of crystals in galvanized steel and the self-organization of the shade balls? Or are the similarities between the two simply coincidence?

submitted by /u/catch878
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Why, in music, do scale modes appear to have such different tonal qualities?

Posted: 20 Oct 2016 08:50 AM PDT

Taking the C major scale for example, why does the Ionian mode (C major: CDEFGAB) sound so different from the Aeolian mode (A minor: ABCDEFG)?

I can appreciate that the intervals from the tonic are different, but the intervals between the same notes are the same:

C-D-E-F-G-A-B-C-D-E-F-G-A-B-C A-B-C-D-E-F-G-A-B-C-D-E-F-G 2-2-1-2-2-2-1-2-2-1-2-2-2-1-2-2-1-2 

So why don't I start hearing A minor in the middle of playing a C major scale? Or C major in the middle of A minor, or the Phrygian mode from III? How do we stay locked on a mode's tonal centre and hear such different qualities between modes, even lacking accompanying chords for reference?

submitted by /u/FretbuzzLightyear
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When (and by whom) was it discovered that the brain is where memories are stored?

Posted: 20 Oct 2016 03:30 PM PDT

How did the volcanic ash of Mount Vesuvius preserve the people and items of Pompeii?

Posted: 20 Oct 2016 11:40 AM PDT

I know everything was covered in ash, but I don't see how that preserved everything.

submitted by /u/Zircon_72
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How does weather affects voting statistics?

Posted: 20 Oct 2016 12:22 PM PDT

What would happen if another star collided with our sun, assuming the other star was equal size and mass and both were traveling at the same speed?

Posted: 21 Oct 2016 12:29 AM PDT

Would they combine together into one large star or collapse into a massive black hole? Would the energy released from the collision be enough to destroy the solar system? What about the galaxy?

Just curious.

submitted by /u/The_Iron_Zeppelin
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What is the physiological purpose of RNA using Uracil instead of Thymine when all the other nitrogenous bases are the same as DNA?

Posted: 20 Oct 2016 09:32 AM PDT

How come the same hair color can look different in different light settings?

Posted: 20 Oct 2016 11:43 AM PDT

I got the same dark brown hair as my friend. In low- and medium/room light the hair color looks almost exactly the same but in strong light (like a bright sunny day outside or in bright spotlight) my hair looks more light-/chestnutbrown while his look more darkblonde-ish.

I've noticed similair things at other times with other hair colors, is there a science behind this?

submitted by /u/parkercannonball
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What is the best definition of entropy?

Posted: 20 Oct 2016 10:54 AM PDT

I'm trying to understand entropy as fundamentally as possible. Which do you think is the best way to understand it:

  • The existence of a thermodynamic system in a generalized macrostate which could be described by any one of a number of specific microstates. The system will follow probability and occupy macrostates comprising the greatest number of microstates.

  • Heat spreading out and equalizing.

  • The volume of phase space of a system, where that volume is conserved or increased. (This is the definition I'm most interested in, but I have heard it might be just a generalization.)

  • Some other definition. Unavailability of thermodynamic energy for conversion into mechanical work, etc.

I suppose each of these definitions describes a different facet of the same process. But I want to understand what happens in the world as fundamentally as possible. Can a particular definition of entropy do that for me?

submitted by /u/ktool
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Does a policy that allows passing on the right on multilane highways result in more or less efficient use of that highway?

Posted: 20 Oct 2016 02:04 PM PDT

Let's assume we're looking at 4-lane highways at a minimum (2 lanes in each direction). But it's common to find 6 or even 8-lane highways. I ask this from the US, where in SOME states, it is legal to pass on the right on a multilane highway. It seems that people frequently just drive in the middle lane or the left lane, so can, and do, get passed on both sides. If you drove like this in Germany, you'd be run over. It strikes me that this policy is both less safe and less efficient. Is it less efficient? Any modeling of this available?

submitted by /u/Creddit999
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How can CRISPR/Cas9 target genes larger than 20 nucleotides?

Posted: 20 Oct 2016 09:04 AM PDT

If a point mutation occurs earlier than 20 nucleotides before the PAM sequence, how can CAS9 cut out this point mutation to repair it with a template? Do PAM sequences occur enough inside genes so that the entire gene is almost always targetable.

I am a biomedical science student and am writing a paper about the use of CRISPR/Cas9 (and dCas9 and other Cas enzymes) in future cognitive enhancement therapies by editing genes (no knockouts, just genetic variation to produce slightly "better" proteins).

As example; alteration of the CREB sequence to variations such CREB-y134F (mice) would be a possible target, however CREB is over 300 nucleotides long.

Am I misunderstanding (I never looked into the details of CRISPR before this paper) the CRISPR/Cas9 system or is there a lot less freedom than literature implies?

Thanks! -Dagl1

submitted by /u/Dagl1
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Is there vocabulary in topology that could be useful for discussing so-called 'gerrymandered' political district boundaries?

Posted: 20 Oct 2016 08:49 AM PDT

I understand that many factors will go into organizing the population geographically (e.g. following a river), but are there concepts coming from mathematics that could be used to describe potentially gerrymandered districts in a concise and precise way, and maybe even (when combined with with historical, geographical, or social science information) could inform certain initial arguments about whether a district may have been gerrymandered for political purposes?

submitted by /u/wjrii
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Will two cars with three seconds following distance always have three seconds of following distance?

Posted: 20 Oct 2016 08:40 AM PDT

CarB is three seconds behind CarA going 35mph; CarA crosses into a 45mph zone and accelerates. CarB crosses into the 45mph zone with the exact same acceleration as CarA.

The physical distance would be longer, but the two cars would still be exactly three seconds apart, right?

submitted by /u/JaeHxC
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Would a "base-prime", number system be useful in any way?

Posted: 20 Oct 2016 10:13 AM PDT

I just watched the most recent numberphile video and it got me thinking about base systems. In most base systems, the length of the written representation of the number grows with the log of the number in a constant base. (for example in base 10, each time we multiply by 10, the number grows by 1 digit). However each integer can also be represented by a unique prime factorization. Therefor we could create a "base system" in which each number is represented by the number of times each prime occurs in its prime factorization. Some examples would be:

1 ---> 1

2 ---> 10

3 ---> 100

4 ---> 20

5 ---> 1000

6 ---> 110

Is there any merit to using a system like this? Can it be expanded to include more numbers like the rationals or reals? What does arithmetic look like using this system?

Just wondering if anyone has tried this before.

Thanks

submitted by /u/graciousgroob
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