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Sunday, September 18, 2016

Do people who eat fewer calories live longer?

Do people who eat fewer calories live longer?


Do people who eat fewer calories live longer?

Posted: 17 Sep 2016 02:52 PM PDT

I swear I remember reading somewhere that people who are fewer calories tended to have longer lifespans, and for that reason I've tried to eat a little less (not going for a second serving, etc.). Obviously people who are overweight are less healthy than people of average weight, but does the trend continue in the opposite direction, with people who are lighter than average or eat slightly less than average living longer? Recently I thought about it and realized I don't have any idea where the original idea/assumption came from. Is there any basis in science?

submitted by /u/yaminokaabii
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How do we know how many bitcoins are in circulation?

Posted: 17 Sep 2016 07:50 PM PDT

Why do matter and anti-matter annihilate each other when coming into contact?

Posted: 17 Sep 2016 12:04 PM PDT

I was thinking about how a neutron can decay into a proton and electron (plus something else, I think?) - two particles of opposite charge. So how come an electron and an anti-electron (positron?) wouldn't somehow combine into some neutral particle rather than self annihilate and convert their energy to photons?

submitted by /u/dougman82
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What happened to Olestra?

Posted: 17 Sep 2016 03:38 PM PDT

I understand that it caused negative gastrointestinal effects but can someone explain the science behind it? Is it still legal in North America?

submitted by /u/PotMeister
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(Biology) How would you die from cancer as opposed to chemo?

Posted: 17 Sep 2016 02:28 PM PDT

Maybe I shouldn't be asking this here but how do you die of cancer/what does it feel like opposed to chemo ?
So I know how cancer is caused, what it does and how it spreads through the body, but since everyone gets chemo which kills the cells (hopefully the cancerous ones first) a lot of times the body doesn't recover after the cancer is gone because the radiation kills them. Obviously I'm not talking about successful cases of remission, purely cases of death, I want to know the difference biologically and 'how it feels' between dying of chemo but mostly cancer free and dying of cancer having chose no forms of medication.

Edit - ahh right thanks guys, this was really informative. So it doesn't really kill you itself, but by (putting it basically) shutting down the systems it's located in (can also cause wasting, explained by /u/iayork ), I know it's not the be all and end all though as it can spread to the lymphnodes.
Also /u/Kurgon999 yes I did actually think chemo was directed radiation so no problem, it's not a laser and doesn't cut you so I didn't give it much thought but it seems I was wrong.

submitted by /u/The_Meatyboosh
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Are O(2^n) and 2^O(n) the same classes?

Posted: 17 Sep 2016 03:27 PM PDT

In computer science and math, in order to describe functions bounded from above from the function 2n, some authors use the first notation, some others use the latter. Is there a difference between these class of functions?

submitted by /u/a-lumen
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Would reducing the frame rate of the part of a computer screen that's inert while increasing the part of the screen that's active save power?

Posted: 17 Sep 2016 03:20 PM PDT

From what I understand, GPUs save power by reducing the frame rate of a screen when there is less motion on the screen. But they do this for the entire screen at once. Would a GPU that only reduces the frame rate of part of the screen he efficient? Would it even be possible or would you need a separate controller for each pixel?

submitted by /u/lookmanofilter
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Are alpha particles in and of themselves radioactive?

Posted: 17 Sep 2016 12:17 PM PDT

That is to say, if an alpha particle has already been ejected from the parent isotope, is that particle itself radioactive? If it is, does it have a half life?

I think I answered my question already by googling He-4, which is stable. So it's just the speed of the particle and lack of electrons that causes the ionization, right?

submitted by /u/shitheadsean2
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Do black holes accelerate matter to light speed?

Posted: 17 Sep 2016 01:58 PM PDT

Does matter ever become gravitationally accelerated to c?

submitted by /u/bilabrin
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Why is diffusion of hard spheres not affected by the density of the spheres?

Posted: 17 Sep 2016 08:52 AM PDT

I know that:

frictional coefficient = 6*pi*viscosity*Stokes radius

and that frictional coefficient is inversely proportional to diffusion coefficient. Stokes radius is the radius of the sphere (as the sphere is hard). Molar flux is the product of the diffusion coefficient and the concentration gradient, so it is the radius of the sphere that is related to it's diffusion, not the mass (as density & mass don't come into any of the equations).

But if I think intuitively, the spheres are being bombarded by other particles as they move through the medium. If a sphere is more dense, the bombardments would transfer the same momentum but less speed, and the sphere would move more slowly. If a particle is slowly wiggling through solution, a heavier particle would have smaller 'wiggles' and move more slowly.

I have to be wrong somewhere, but where?

submitted by /u/994phij
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[Biology] There's a dinosaur called Carnotosaurus, whose arms end after the elbow, what are the benefits of this?

Posted: 17 Sep 2016 01:31 PM PDT

Also, why does it even have arms, do those "stumps" serve a purpose, are they for balance? Is this the case of a mutation and not really just natural selection? Why do we not see more animals with this feature?

submitted by /u/Tsunami6866
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How do you calculate displacement, velocity, and proper time of an object undergoing constant proper acceleration, starting from non-zero, non-collinear velocity with respect to an observer?

Posted: 17 Sep 2016 03:36 PM PDT

Using the Relativistic Rocket equations, the displacement d, velocity v, and proper time T of an object undergoing proper acceleration a from rest for a given coordinate duration t can be calculated with:

d = (c2 /a) (sqrt[ 1 + (at/c)2 ] − 1)

v = at / sqrt[ 1 + (at/c)2 ]

T = (c/a) ch−1 [ad/c2 + 1]

Imagine an object starts with initial relativistic velocity v0, and accelerates with proper acceleration a at some non-zero angle θ from v0. How would I calculate the object's displacement, velocity, and proper time after a given coordinate duration?

submitted by /u/taylorules
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How does T-cell know when to stop its immune response?

Posted: 17 Sep 2016 04:27 AM PDT

I mean, TCR has ITAM domains and inhibitory receptors have ITIM domains. Their both ligands are on APCs (I suppose). If a t cell recognizes a non-self antigen, it will receive both inhibitory and activatory signals. 1) How does t cell know what to do (there is a perfect balance between stimolatory and inhibitory signals)? 2) When t cell begins an immune response, how does it know when to stop this response, in order to not damage your organism?

submitted by /u/Biasy
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Do bioluminescent/biofluorescent organisms use sunlight to recharge, or is it primarily an enzyme based reaction?

Posted: 17 Sep 2016 06:17 AM PDT

The main reason I'm asking this is because on my campus there is a river with these luminescent jellyfish, however I have noticed that they don't light up in the day or on nights where the moon-light is especially bright. There are also what appear to be thousands of luminescent plankton in the river, and during these times they too do not light up.

submitted by /u/TheDesertSnowman
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